{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T14:03:04Z","timestamp":1793714584108,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002713","name":"Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023673","name":"Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University Deanship of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IMSIU-DDRSP2601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMSIU-DDRSP2601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023673","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:23:45Z","timestamp":1770337425000},"page":"104003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Heavy and trace metals toxicity implications in the breakdown of cellular homeostasis: A risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Nemat","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali M.","family":"Alaseem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Meraj","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shambhu","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Suhail","family":"Akhter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Fareed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prawez","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glowi","family":"Alasiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117600","article-title":"Aminocellulose-grafted-polycaprolactone coated gelatin nanoparticles alleviate inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis: a combinational therapeutic approach","volume":"258","author":"Ansari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123361","article-title":"Pain in rheumatoid arthritis: emerging role of high mobility group box 1 protein-HMGB1","volume":"362","author":"Krishna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121367","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis and non-coding RNAs; how to trigger inflammation","volume":"315","author":"Tofigh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7965","DOI":"10.1039\/D3NR06476J","article-title":"Biomaterial-based combinatorial approach of aescin-comprised zein-coated gelatin nanoparticles alleviates synovial inflammation in experimental inflammatory arthritis","volume":"16","author":"Jori","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.102020","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis, including comorbidities, complications, and long-term follow-up","volume":"39","author":"Misra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.134903","article-title":"Sinapic acid-pullulan based inflammation responsive nanomicelles for the local treatment of experimental inflammatory arthritis","volume":"278","author":"Ali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123075","article-title":"Genetics, epigenetics and autoimmunity constitute a Bermuda triangle for the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"357","author":"Srivastava","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.122780","article-title":"Exploration and validation of therapeutic molecules for rheumatoid arthritis based on ferroptosis-related genes","volume":"351","author":"Aihaiti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122206","article-title":"Enzyme targeted delivery of sivelestat loaded nanomicelle inhibits arthritic severity in experimental arthritis","volume":"334","author":"Vyawahare","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118907","article-title":"The effects of drug transporters on the efficacy of methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"268","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.01.004","article-title":"Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with combination of methotrexate and Tripterygium wilfordii: a meta-analysis","volume":"171","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.06.001","article-title":"Effect of cadmium chloride exposure during the induction of collagen induced arthritis","volume":"238","author":"Ansari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1422617","article-title":"Analyzing the impact of heavy metal exposure on osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: an approach based on interpretable machine learning","volume":"11","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-024-00420-8","article-title":"Environmental pollution impact on the severity of some rheumatic diseases: a comparative analytical study on inflammatory and non-inflammatory samples","volume":"8","author":"Elbeialy","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03903-2","article-title":"Heavy metals: toxicity and human health effects","volume":"99","author":"Jomova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"issue":"134","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0080","article-title":"Heavy metal contamination: sources, health impacts, and sustainable mitigation strategies with insights from Nigerian case studies [version 3; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]","volume":"14","author":"Laoye","year":"2025","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0085","series-title":"Autoimmune Disorders","first-page":"201","article-title":"Heavy metals in autoimmune diseases: too much noise in autoimmunity","author":"Sharif","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0090","first-page":"626","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of heavy metals in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy control in Pakistani population","volume":"46","author":"Irfan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.133147","article-title":"Associations of blood and urinary heavy metals with rheumatoid arthritis risk among adults in NHANES, 1999\u20132018","volume":"289","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.643972","article-title":"Toxic mechanisms of five heavy metals: mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic","volume":"12","author":"Balali-Mood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152262","article-title":"Autophagy: a key regulator of homeostasis and disease: an overview of molecular mechanisms and modulators","volume":"11","author":"G\u00f3mez-Virgilio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914459","article-title":"Mitochondrial oxidative stress is the general reason for apoptosis induced by different-valence heavy metals in cells and mitochondria","volume":"24","author":"Korotkov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9060142","article-title":"Mechanisms of metal-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological disorders","volume":"9","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2022.153136","article-title":"Heavy metals induced mitochondrial dysfunction in animals: molecular mechanism of toxicity","volume":"469","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0125","article-title":"Heavy metal exposure: molecular pathways, clinical implications, and protective strategies","volume":"13","author":"Koyama","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117760","article-title":"Health effects of mixed metal exposure on accelerating aging among the elderly population","volume":"291","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0135","first-page":"S185","article-title":"Low-dose heavy metal exposure and aging in humans","volume":"19","author":"Lang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0140","article-title":"Association between multiple-heavy-metal exposures and systemic immune inflammation in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese general population","volume":"24","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174537","article-title":"Low-grade systemic inflammation links heavy metal exposures to mortality: a multi-metal inflammatory index approach","volume":"947","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cotox.2021.03.008","article-title":"Metal toxicity and neuroinflammation","volume":"26","author":"Bondy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-005383","article-title":"Global, regional and national trends in the epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis from 1990 to 2021: an age-period-cohort effect analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"11","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023233","article-title":"Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in relation to serum cadmium concentrations: cross-sectional study using Korean National Health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES) data","volume":"9","author":"Joo","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0165","series-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology","article-title":"Higher serum heavy metals concentrations are associated with rheumatoid arthritis: a study of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)","author":"Joo","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.509","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenesis and therapeutic advances","volume":"5","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.2174\/0115680266346339250328153358","article-title":"Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Strategies, Advances, and Structural Activity Relationships of Synthesized Agents","volume":"25","author":"Jan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0180","article-title":"Global, regional, and national epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis among people aged 20\u201354 years from 1990 to 2021","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0185","article-title":"A comparison of risk factors for osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis using NHANES data","volume":"20","author":"Mohammed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-012-8346-7","article-title":"Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis - a comprehensive review","volume":"45","author":"Kurk\u00f3","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2017.08.003","article-title":"Genetic and environmental risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"31","author":"Deane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-025-00760-8","article-title":"Global, regional and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis from 1990 to 2021, with projections of incidence to 2050: a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomark Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2292","article-title":"Cells of the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Otero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chondr Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2023.10.004","article-title":"Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: looking closely at fibroblast- like synoviocytes","volume":"73","author":"Promila","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01467","article-title":"Ontology and function of fibroblast-like and macrophage-like synoviocytes: how do they talk to each other and can they be targeted for rheumatoid arthritis therapy?","volume":"9","author":"Tu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0220","article-title":"Synovial macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis: the past, present, and future","volume":"2020","author":"Tu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7100161","article-title":"Pathogenic role of immune cells in rheumatoid arthritis: implications in clinical treatment and biomarker development","volume":"7","author":"Yap","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.102019","article-title":"Global RA treatment recommendations: an update from the various international societies","volume":"39","author":"Cubberley","year":"2025","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1196","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30386-3","article-title":"High-quality health systems in the sustainable development goals era: time for a revolution","volume":"6","author":"Kruk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.693426","article-title":"Drug shortage: causes, impact, and mitigation strategies","volume":"12","author":"Shukar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0245","first-page":"1875","article-title":"Household income and earnings losses among 6,396 persons with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"32","author":"Wolfe","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0250","article-title":"Cost of treating rheumatoid arthritis in the primary care public health system in Ireland: a time-driven activity-based cost analysis","volume":"14","author":"Kenny","year":"2024","journal-title":"Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11728","article-title":"Economic and humanistic burden of rheumatoid arthritis: results from the US National Survey Data 2018\u20132020","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e594","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00211-4","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis, 1990-2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"5","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112857","article-title":"Management of rheumatoid arthritis: an overview","volume":"10","author":"Radu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e594","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00211-4","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis, 1990&#x2013;2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"5","author":"Black","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.643972","article-title":"Toxic mechanisms of five heavy metals: mercury, Lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic","volume":"12","author":"Balali-Mood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3390\/computers14030093","article-title":"Machine learning and deep learning paradigms: from techniques to practical applications and research Frontiers","volume":"14","author":"Razzaq","year":"2025","journal-title":"Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2024.127406","article-title":"Association of blood cadmium levels and all-cause mortality among adults with rheumatoid arthritis: the NHANES cohort study","volume":"83","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0290","series-title":"Heavy metals in the environment: management strategies for global pollution","first-page":"3","article-title":"An overview of heavy metal pollution and control","author":"Dagdag","year":"2023"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04691","article-title":"Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans","volume":"6","author":"Briffa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04691","article-title":"Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans","volume":"6","author":"Briffa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7643-8340-4_6","article-title":"Heavy metal toxicity and the environment","volume":"101","author":"Tchounwou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Experientia Suppl"},{"issue":"6744","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adr5214","article-title":"Global soil pollution by toxic metals threatens agriculture and human health","volume":"388","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0315","article-title":"Heavy metal exposure and its health implications: a comprehensive review","author":"Fatima","year":"2025","journal-title":"Indian J Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.101865","article-title":"Impact of heavy metals on the environment and human health: novel therapeutic insights to counter the toxicity","volume":"34","author":"Mitra","year":"2022","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0325","article-title":"Exposure to cadmium and its impacts on human health: a short review","volume":"17","author":"Rasin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5620\/eaht.2021003","article-title":"Developmental toxicity of cadmium in infants and children: a review","volume":"36","author":"Chandravanshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Anal Health Toxicol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9120360","article-title":"Heavy metal accumulation in rice and aquatic plants used as human food: a general review","volume":"9","author":"Uddin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.137870","article-title":"The combined effect of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on arthritis, especially osteoarthritis, in the U.S. adult population","volume":"316","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0345","series-title":"Oxidative Stress and Biomaterials","first-page":"35","article-title":"Chapter two - oxidative stress, inflammation, and disease","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8416763","article-title":"Oxidative stress: harms and benefits for human health","volume":"2017","author":"Pizzino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930278","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.930278","article-title":"Cuproptosis and cuproptosis-related genes in rheumatoid arthritis: Implication, prospects, and perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1204926","article-title":"Verification of cuproptosis-related diagnostic model associated with immune infiltration in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.3535","article-title":"Identification of a novel cuproptosis-related gene signature for rheumatoid arthritis-a prospective study","volume":"25","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gene Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260839","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1260839","article-title":"Ferroptosis as an emerging target in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.103008","article-title":"Heterogeneous ferroptosis susceptibility of macrophages caused by focal iron overload exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-023-00289-0","article-title":"SIRT1 is transcriptionally repressed by YY1 and suppresses ferroptosis in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"63","author":"Zhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3832","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07745-9","article-title":"Synoviocytes from pigmented villonodular synovitis are less sensitive to cadmium-induced cell death than synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Farese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-3109(96)00145-2","article-title":"Generation of reactive oxygen species is required for bucillamine, a novel anti-rheumatic drug, to induce apoptosis in concert with copper","volume":"35","author":"Sawada","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.03.016","article-title":"The rheumatoid arthritis drug Auranofin targets peroxiredoxin 1 and peroxiredoxin 2 to trigger ROS-endoplasmic reticulum stress axis-mediated cell death and cytoprotective autophagy","volume":"233","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0400","first-page":"1099","article-title":"Fatal hepatic necrosis due to a treatment course of rheumatoid arthritis with gold salts","volume":"121","author":"Van Linthoudt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2018.11.003","article-title":"Autophagy protects against redox-active trace metal-induced cell death in rabbit synovial fibroblasts through toll-like receptor 4 activation","volume":"374","author":"Alsousi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2019.0126","article-title":"Cadmium-induced adrenal cortical autophagy in rats: possible modulation by sildenafil","volume":"79","author":"Imam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Folia Morphol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0415","article-title":"Treatment with FAP-targeted zinc ferrite nanoparticles for rheumatoid arthritis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial damage","volume":"21","author":"Qi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115337","article-title":"Selenium alleviates cadmium-induced oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis in L8824 cells","volume":"262","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230701320337","article-title":"Apoptosis: a review of programmed cell death","volume":"35","author":"Elmore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8471","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-016-5035-9","article-title":"Major apoptotic mechanisms and genes involved in apoptosis","volume":"37","author":"Kiraz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumour Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03731-2","article-title":"Exploring the impact of cuproptosis-related genes on immune infiltration in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"398","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0440","article-title":"Identification of immune characteristic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cuproptosis for rheumatoid arthritis by integrated bioinformatics analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0445","article-title":"Recent development of mitochondrial metabolism and dysfunction in osteoarthritis","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-023-04818-9","article-title":"The role and intervention of mitochondrial metabolism in osteoarthritis","volume":"479","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.695257","article-title":"Mitochondria in injury, inflammation and disease of articular skeletal joints","volume":"12","author":"Early","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0460","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and rheumatic diseases","volume":"11","author":"Miglioranza Scavuzzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2018.05.009","article-title":"ER Proteostasis control of neuronal physiology and synaptic function","volume":"41","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0470","first-page":"193","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress: signaling the unfolded protein response","volume":"22","author":"Lai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda)"},{"issue":"5561","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1068408","article-title":"Molecular chaperones in the cytosol: from nascent chain to folded protein","volume":"295","author":"Hartl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2546","article-title":"One step at a time: endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation","volume":"9","author":"Vembar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1438803","article-title":"Ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"15","author":"Ao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuad083","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D on inflammatory and clinical outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"82","author":"Al-Saoodi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19053099","article-title":"Cadmium body burden and inflammatory arthritis: a pilot study in patients from lower Silesia, Poland","volume":"19","author":"Markiewicz-G\u00f3rka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(03)00012-X","article-title":"Trace elements in human physiology and pathology","volume":"57","author":"Tapiero","year":"2003","journal-title":"Copper Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(87)90190-3","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis: a disturbance in copper homeostasis","volume":"22","author":"Rafter","year":"1987","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0510","article-title":"Cuproptosis and cuproptosis-related genes in rheumatoid arthritis: implication, prospects, and perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13141182","article-title":"Selected functions and disorders of mitochondrial metabolism under lead exposure","volume":"13","author":"Chlubek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu016","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction promotes and aggravates the inflammatory response in normal human synoviocytes","volume":"53","author":"Valc\u00e1rcel-Ares","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.809806","article-title":"Apoptosis, autophagy, NETosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis mediated programmed cell death as targets for innovative therapy in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01577","article-title":"Autophagy and rheumatoid arthritis: current knowledges and future perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Vomero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3735","article-title":"Self-consumption: the interplay of autophagy and apoptosis","volume":"15","author":"Mari\u00f1o","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2013.06.001","article-title":"Crosstalk between apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy","volume":"1833","author":"Nikoletopoulou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3380","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.9b00427","article-title":"Zinc gluconate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles reduce severity of collagen-induced arthritis in Wistar rats","volume":"5","author":"Ansari","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060211015594","article-title":"Evaluation of biomarkers related to zinc nutritional status, antioxidant activity and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"28","author":"Duarte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.41.5.456","article-title":"Zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"41","author":"Mattingly","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-012-9352-6","article-title":"Interaction between zinc, cadmium, and lead in scalp hair samples of Pakistani and Irish smokers rheumatoid arthritis subjects in relation to controls","volume":"148","author":"Afridi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-015-4353-5","article-title":"Estimation of toxic elements in the samples of different cigarettes and their effect on the essential elemental status in the biological samples of Irish smoker rheumatoid arthritis consumers","volume":"187","author":"Afridi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2005.02105.x","article-title":"Exposure to mercuric chloride during the induction phase and after the onset of collagen-induced arthritis enhances immune\/autoimmune responses and exacerbates the disease in DBA\/1 mice","volume":"114","author":"Hansson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.35.3.251","article-title":"Auranofin. New oral gold compound for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"35","author":"Finkelstein","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03342627","article-title":"The effects of auranofin and parenteral gold in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: an X-ray analysis","volume":"3","author":"Larsen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-022-03148-z","article-title":"Circulating level of blood iron and copper associated with inflammation and disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"201","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0590","article-title":"Relationship of serum copper and HLADR4 tissue typing to disease activity and severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross sectional study","volume":"73","author":"Aldabbagh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.2292","article-title":"Investigation of the effect of oral selenium on the reduction of clinical symptoms and joint pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the Iranian population","volume":"63","author":"Mehrpooya","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-023-03782-1","article-title":"Effects of selenium supplementation on the indices of disease activity, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"202","author":"Zamani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-01025-8","article-title":"Trivalent chromium supplementation ameliorates adjuvant induced rheumatoid arthritis through up-regulation of FOXP3 and decrease in synovial Cathepsin G expression","volume":"30","author":"Hassouna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-024-01515-x","article-title":"Trivalent chromium versus baricitinib for rheumatoid arthritis treatment: first phase 2\/3 randomized controlled trial, is trivalent chromium the upcoming immune-modulator?","volume":"32","author":"Hassouna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0615","first-page":"4325","article-title":"Iron metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"25","author":"Ta\u0144ski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0620","first-page":"Br91","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines increase iron uptake into human monocytes and synovial fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"10","author":"Telfer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116571","article-title":"Correlation between environmental nickel exposure and the development of arthritis: a large-sample cross-sectional investigation","volume":"280","author":"Di","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0630","first-page":"1735","article-title":"Relationship between toxic metals exposure via cigarette smoking and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"60","author":"Afridi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Lab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13010053","article-title":"Zinc and cadmium in the aetiology and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Frangos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02611-5","article-title":"Protective effect of low dose intra-articular cadmium on inflammation and joint destruction in arthritis","volume":"7","author":"Bonaventura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2019.103219","article-title":"Toxicity of cadmium in musculoskeletal diseases","volume":"72","author":"Reyes-Hinojosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012993017026","article-title":"The role of zinc in caspase activation and apoptotic cell death","volume":"14","author":"Truong-Tran","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0655","article-title":"Zinc and oxidative stress: current mechanisms","volume":"6","author":"Marreiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054822","article-title":"Zinc: from biological functions to therapeutic potential","volume":"24","author":"Costa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01536-0","article-title":"Immune-regulating strategy against rheumatoid arthritis by inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells with modified zinc peroxide nanoparticles","volume":"20","author":"Qiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0670","article-title":"Treatment with FAP-targeted zinc ferrite nanoparticles for rheumatoid arthritis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial damage","volume":"21","author":"Qi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxac107","article-title":"Mitochondria as disease-relevant organelles in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"211","author":"Weyand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062489","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum-dependent apoptotic response to cellular stress in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"26","author":"Kucharska-Lusina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6a","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)90475-8","article-title":"Parenteral gold in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"75","author":"Sigler","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200805","article-title":"A double-blind trial of high versus conventional dosages of gold salts for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Furst","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-024-01983-0","article-title":"Mechanisms of cuproptosis and its relevance to distinct diseases","volume":"29","author":"Lou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.711227","article-title":"Role of copper on mitochondrial function and metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Ruiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01726-3","article-title":"The crosstalk between copper-induced oxidative stress and cuproptosis: a novel potential anticancer paradigm","volume":"22","author":"Vo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0710","first-page":"165","article-title":"Possible role of a copper complex in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"8","author":"Gerber","year":"1981","journal-title":"Agents Actions Suppl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules14031263","article-title":"Selenium as an essential micronutrient: roles in cell cycle and apoptosis","volume":"14","author":"Zeng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103007","article-title":"The relevance of selenium status in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Turrubiates-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.3109\/03009748509102039","article-title":"Selenium treatment in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Tarp","year":"1985","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1338","article-title":"Supranutritional selenium suppresses ROS-induced generation of RANKL-expressing osteoclastogenic CD4(+) T cells and ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"10","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Transl Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2866","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-02877-x","article-title":"Hexavalent chromium causes apoptosis and autophagy by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in broiler cardiomyocytes","volume":"200","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.11.2027","article-title":"Cyclosporin a inhibits chromium(VI)-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial cytochrome c release and restores clonogenic survival in CHO cells","volume":"21","author":"Pritchard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1515\/tjb-2024-0185","article-title":"Targeting oxidative stress, iron overload and ferroptosis in bone-degenerative conditions","volume":"50","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Turk J Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-023-00427-w","article-title":"Ferroptosis: a novel regulated cell death participating in cellular stress response, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.49.2.93","article-title":"Anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis: the role of iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiency, and erythropoietin responsiveness","volume":"49","author":"Vreugdenhil","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00541320","article-title":"Anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Vreugdenhil","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.673916","article-title":"Mitochondria as key players in the pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Clayton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198210000-00022","article-title":"Metal concentration in synovial fluids of patients with prosthetic knee arthroplasty","volume":"170","author":"Cracchiolo","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-01899-w","article-title":"Mercury and atherosclerosis: cell biology, pathophysiology, and epidemiological studies","volume":"196","author":"Farkhondeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00168","article-title":"Mercury is taken up selectively by cells involved in joint, bone, and connective tissue disorders","volume":"6","author":"Pamphlett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0785","article-title":"Methylmercury-mediated oxidative stress and activation of the cellular protective system","volume":"9","author":"Fujimura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1080\/1061186X.2024.2332729","article-title":"Preparation and anti-inflammatory effect of mercury sulphide nanoparticle-loaded hydrogels","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Drug Target"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.14.036","article-title":"Environmental source of arsenic exposure","volume":"47","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Prev Med Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0800","article-title":"Angiogenesis is inhibited by arsenic trioxide through downregulation of the CircHIPK3\/miR-149-5p\/FOXO1\/VEGF functional module in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-025-07387-y","article-title":"Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis reveal the role of immune cell subsets in the causal pathways between blood cell perturbation responses and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-025-00521-y","article-title":"SPAG11B, a potential biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-024-00425-4","article-title":"Analysis of the causal relationship between immune cells and rheumatoid arthritis from the perspective of genetic variation: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"64","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22005","article-title":"Association of environmental and genetic factors and gene-environment interactions with risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"65","author":"Karlson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0825","first-page":"391","article-title":"Gene, environment, microbiome and mucosal immune tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"55","author":"Catrina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0830","series-title":"Advances in Environmental Science and Technology-New York","first-page":"17","article-title":"Health effects of environmental arsenic","volume":"27","author":"Morton","year":"1994"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MCBI.0000007260.32981.b9","article-title":"Arsenic toxicity, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis\u2013a health risk assessment and management approach","volume":"255","author":"Tchounwou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0840","first-page":"1","article-title":"Health effects of cadmium exposure\u2013a review of the literature and a risk estimate","author":"J\u00e4rup","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.021101261","article-title":"Cadmium exposure and nephropathy in a 28-year-old female metals worker","volume":"110","author":"Wittman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0850","series-title":"Chromium (VI) handbook","first-page":"1","article-title":"Overview of chromium (VI) in the environment: background and history","author":"Jacobs","year":"2005"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0855","first-page":"10099","article-title":"Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium. Final rule","volume":"71","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8816","article-title":"Internalization of carcinogenic lead chromate particles by cultured normal human lung epithelial cells: formation of intracellular lead-inclusion bodies and induction of apoptosis","volume":"161","author":"Singh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0865","series-title":"Propanil","author":"Howard","year":"2005"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10100614","article-title":"The NOAEL equivalent of environmental cadmium exposure associated with GFR reduction and chronic kidney disease","volume":"10","author":"Satarug","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00283-0","article-title":"Ecological effects, transport, and fate of mercury: a general review","volume":"40","author":"Boening","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1205537","article-title":"Dose\u2013response relationship between multiple trace elements and risk of all-cause mortality: a prospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-024-00736-8","article-title":"Determination of the median lethal dose of zinc gluconate in mice and safety evaluation","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11120960","article-title":"Trace metal accumulation in rats exposed to mine waters: a case study, Bor area (Serbia)","volume":"11","author":"Caraba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-025-02405-z","article-title":"Environmental risk assessment of trace metal pollution: a statistical perspective","volume":"47","author":"Ogwu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ Geochem Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.4384","article-title":"Development of a bioavailability-based risk assessment framework for nickel in Southeast Asia and Melanesia","volume":"17","author":"Garman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Integr Environ Assess Manag"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-022-00940-1","article-title":"Current practice and recommendations for advancing how human variability and susceptibility are considered in chemical risk assessment","volume":"21","author":"Varshavsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0910","series-title":"Technical guidance for deriving environmental quality standards","author":"European Commission: Directorate-General for, H. and S. Food","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40159-9","article-title":"Machine learning-enabled regional multi-hazards risk assessment considering social vulnerability","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14316","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c02479","article-title":"Predicting heavy metal adsorption on soil with machine learning and mapping global distribution of soil adsorption capacities","volume":"55","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128732","article-title":"Deep learning model based on urban multi-source data for predicting heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr) in industrial sewer networks","volume":"432","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2995591","article-title":"Linking the random forests model and GIS to assess geo-hazards risk: a case study in Shifang County, China","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263505","article-title":"Arsenic in drinking water: an analysis of global drinking water regulations and recommendations for updates to protect public health","volume":"17","author":"Frisbie","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03640-4","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of synthetic and natural iron chelators against ferroptosis","volume":"398","author":"Prabhune","year":"2025","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14934","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA02336F","article-title":"Curcumin-polydopamine nanoparticles alleviate ferroptosis by iron chelation and inhibition of oxidative stress damage","volume":"14","author":"Lei","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(72)90103-7","article-title":"Effects of selected chelating agents and metals on the stability of liver lysosomes","volume":"21","author":"Chvapil","year":"1972","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(79)90201-6","article-title":"The effect of D-penicillamine on the release of acid hydrolases from rat liver lysosomes induced by gamma-hexachlorcyclohexan","volume":"28","author":"Carevi\u0107","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003_bb0960","first-page":"256","article-title":"Inflammatory diseases and copper","volume":"77","author":"Sorenson","year":"1984","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997226000170?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997226000170?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:15:57Z","timestamp":1788174957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997226000170"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":192,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997226000170"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Heavy and trace metals toxicity implications in the breakdown of cellular homeostasis: A risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autoimmunity Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104003"}}