{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:09:05Z","timestamp":1787760545254,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:49:28Z","timestamp":1772671768000},"page":"104014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Enthesitis in Spondyloarthritis. From pathogenesis to clinical presentation and imaging: Similarities and differences between PsA and axSpA"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Xynogalas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasios","family":"Karamanakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artemis","family":"Galani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Kougkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos D.","family":"Vassilakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xenofon","family":"Baraliakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George E.","family":"Fragoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2001.19950503.x","article-title":"The anatomical basis for disease localisation in seronegative spondyloarthropathy at entheses and related sites","volume":"199","author":"Benjamin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00204","article-title":"Power doppler ultrasound assessment of A1 pulley. A new target of inflammation in psoriatic arthritis?","volume":"7","author":"Smerilli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3050","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead614","article-title":"Characterization of digital annular pulleys and their entheses: an ultrasonographic study with anatomical and histological correlations","volume":"63","author":"Coronel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39458","article-title":"Review: enthesitis: new insights into pathogenesis, diagnostic modalities, and treatment","volume":"68","author":"Kehl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203643","article-title":"Proof of concept: enthesitis and new bone formation in spondyloarthritis are driven by mechanical strain and stromal cells","volume":"73","author":"Jacques","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases13080263","article-title":"PIEZO channels in mechano-inflammation: gatekeepers of neuroimmune crosstalk","volume":"13","author":"Pirri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212681","article-title":"\u2018Deep Koebner\u2019 phenomenon of the flexor tendon-associated accessory pulleys as a novel factor in tenosynovitis and dactylitis in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"77","author":"Tinazzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2020-001480","article-title":"To move or not to move: the paradoxical effect of physical exercise in axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"7","author":"Perrotta","year":"2021","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.6.534","article-title":"Histological assessment of the early enthesitis lesion in spondyloarthropathy","volume":"61","author":"McGonagle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00776-6","article-title":"Psoriatic arthritis from a mechanistic perspective","volume":"18","author":"Schett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22290","article-title":"Microdamage and altered vascularity at the enthesis\u2013bone interface provides an anatomic explanation for bone involvement in the HLA\u2013B27\u2013associated spondylarthritides and allied disorders","volume":"56","author":"Benjamin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02693-7","article-title":"A role for neutrophils in early enthesitis in spondyloarthritis","volume":"24","author":"Stavre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(22)00334-4","article-title":"Role of neutrophil interleukin-23 in spondyloarthropathy spectrum disorders","volume":"5","author":"Macleod","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2817","article-title":"IL-23 induces spondyloarthropathy by acting on ROR-\u03b3t+ CD3+CD4\u2212CD8\u2212 entheseal resident T cells","volume":"18","author":"Sherlock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0075","article-title":"NETosis in psoriatic arthritis: serum MPO\u2013DNA complex level correlates with its disease activity","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048878","article-title":"IL-17A expressed on neutrophil extracellular traps promotes mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward bone-forming cells in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"51","author":"Papagoras","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215210","article-title":"Evidence that tissue resident human enthesis \u03b3\u03b4T-cells can produce IL-17A independently of IL-23R transcript expression","volume":"78","author":"Cuthbert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-00986-6","article-title":"The bone marrow side of axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"19","author":"Mauro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.70206","article-title":"Exploring T cell and NK cell involvement in ankylosing spondylitis through single-cell sequencing","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000945","article-title":"Evidence in support of the bone marrow as the primary lesion in axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"35","author":"Maksymowych","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.976800","article-title":"Peripheral enthesitis assessed by whole-body MRI in axial spondyloarthritis: distribution and diagnostic value","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-025-01229-6","article-title":"Delineating inflammatory from non-inflammatory mechanisms for therapy optimization in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"21","author":"Zabotti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i10","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa039","article-title":"Enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis (part 1): pathophysiology","volume":"59","author":"Araujo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4274\/dir.2024.242740","article-title":"Pivotal role of the synovioentheseal complex in the imaging of arthritis and rheumatic diseases","author":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22758","article-title":"The concept of a \u201csynovio-entheseal complex\u201d and its implications for understanding joint inflammation and damage in psoriatic arthritis and beyond","volume":"56","author":"McGonagle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205839","article-title":"High-resolution MRI assessment of dactylitis in psoriatic arthritis shows flexor tendon pulley and sheath-related enthesitis","volume":"74","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"kew384","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew384","article-title":"Interleukin-22 drives the proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: a novel cytokine that could contribute to new bone formation in spondyloarthropathies","author":"El-Zayadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.618110","article-title":"Interleukin-22 influences the Th1\/Th17 axis","volume":"12","author":"Lindahl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.618581","article-title":"The role of the IL-23\/IL-17 axis in disease initiation in spondyloarthritis: lessons learned from animal models","volume":"12","author":"Mandour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.31138\/mjr.33.1.115","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of new bone formation in axial Spondyloarthritis","volume":"33","author":"Klavdianou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mediterr J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215681","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 regulates mesenchymal cell differentiation into the osteoblast lineage and is critically involved in bone repair","volume":"109","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2020.101491","article-title":"Bone formation in axial spondyloarthritis: is disease modification possible?","volume":"33","author":"Nakamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0165","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP)-associated molecular signatures in tissue differentiation and non-tumoral diseases","volume":"12","author":"Librizzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol.-Basel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.07.020","article-title":"Mechanical regulation of PTHrP expression in entheses","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2724","article-title":"Decreased serotonin levels and serotonin-mediated osteoblastic inhibitory Signaling in patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"31","author":"Klavdianou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.165381","article-title":"Development of migrating tendon-bone attachments involves replacement of progenitor populations","volume":"145","author":"Felsenthal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.11.013","article-title":"SOX9+ enthesis cells are associated with spinal ankylosis in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"30","author":"Jo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223428","article-title":"Piezo1-mediated mechanotransduction promotes entheseal pathological new bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"82","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.139303","article-title":"Enthesis regeneration: a role for Gli1+ progenitor cells","volume":"144","author":"Schwartz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.112714","article-title":"Enthesis fibrocartilage cells originate from a population of hedgehog-responsive cells modulated by the loading environment","volume":"142","author":"Schwartz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224107","article-title":"CD_99 G1 neutrophils modulate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in the pathological process of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"83","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012109","article-title":"Aberrant upregulation of CaSR promotes pathological new bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-220002","article-title":"Tenascin-C-mediated suppression of extracellular matrix adhesion force promotes entheseal new bone formation through activation of hippo signalling in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"80","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211596","article-title":"Sacroiliac radiographic progression in recent onset axial spondyloarthritis: the 5-year data of the DESIR cohort","volume":"76","author":"Dougados","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24024","article-title":"Severity of baseline magnetic resonance imaging\u2013evident sacroiliitis and HLA\u2013B27 status in early inflammatory back pain predict radiographically evident ankylosing spondylitis at eight years","volume":"58","author":"Bennett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key387","article-title":"Is active sacroiliitis on MRI associated with radiographic damage in axial spondyloarthritis? Real-life data from the ASAS and DESIR cohorts","volume":"58","author":"Sepriano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12687","article-title":"Dual-phase hybrid 18 F-fluoride positron emission tomography\/ <scp>MRI<\/scp> in ankylosing spondylitis: investigating the link between <scp>MRI<\/scp> bone changes, regional hyperaemia and increased osteoblastic activity","volume":"62","author":"Sawicki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Imag Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.15557\/JoU.2016.0018","article-title":"Diagnostyka obrazowa \u0142uszczycowego zapalenia staw\u00f3w. Cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 II: rezonans magnetyczny i ultrasonografia","volume":"16","author":"Sudo\u0142-Szopi\u0144ska","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ultrason"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-004-0045-9","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of psoriatic arthritis: insight from traditional and three-dimensional analysis","volume":"6","author":"Totterman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38050","article-title":"Brief report: magnetic resonance imaging assessment of axial psoriatic arthritis: extent of disease relates to HLA\u2013B27","volume":"65","author":"Castillo-Gallego","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.181331","article-title":"Peripheral manifestations in Spondyloarthritis and their effect: an ancillary analysis of the ASAS-COMOSPA study","volume":"47","author":"L\u00f3pez-Medina","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40423","article-title":"The association between <scp>HLA<\/scp> genetic susceptibility markers and sonographic enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"70","author":"Polachek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218669","article-title":"Which factors are associated with bone marrow oedema suspicious of axial spondyloarthritis as detected by MRI in the sacroiliac joints and the spine in the general population?","volume":"80","author":"Baraliakos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23568","article-title":"Measuring clinical enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis: assessment of existing measures and development of an instrument specific to psoriatic arthritis","volume":"59","author":"Healy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.084244","article-title":"Development and validation of the Spondyloarthritis research consortium of Canada (SPARCC) enthesitis index","volume":"68","author":"Maksymowych","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.2.127","article-title":"Assessment of enthesitis in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"62","author":"Heuft-Dorenbosch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl. 123","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0285","first-page":"31","article-title":"Assessment of enthesis in patients with psoriatic arthritis and fibromyalgia using clinical examination and ultrasound","volume":"38","author":"Fiorenza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0290","article-title":"The OMERACT whole-body MRI scoring system for inflammation in peripheral joints and entheses (WIPE) in spondyloarthritis - reference image atlas for the knee region","volume":"65","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213609","article-title":"Reliability of a consensus-based ultrasound definition and scoring for enthesitis in spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: an OMERACT US initiative","volume":"77","author":"Balint","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15151967","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of shear wave elastography versus ultrasound in plantar fasciitis among patients with and without ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"15","author":"Daskareh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-025-07535-4","article-title":"Prevalence and progression of radiographic enthesopathy at hip and pelvis in patients with axial spondyloarthritis based on CT assessment","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/bjr\/tqae210","article-title":"Comparison of low-dose CT and MRI in enthesitis-related arthritis patients with sacroiliitis","volume":"98","author":"Bayrak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-025-00560-5","article-title":"Detailed assessment of axial and peripheral entheses and joints in axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis patients treated with ixekizumab (DAPHNE): design of a 2-year phase IV trial applying whole-body MRI, MRI-based synthetic CT, and CT","volume":"9","author":"Willesen","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150250","volume":"42","author":"Buchbender","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.122.263922","article-title":"FAPI PET opens a new window to understanding immune-mediated inflammatory diseases","volume":"63","author":"Kuwert","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13040775","article-title":"FAPi PET\/CT imaging to identify fibrosis in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases","volume":"13","author":"Lartey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae577","article-title":"68Ga-FAPI and 18F-NaF PET\/CT in psoriatic arthritis: a comparative study","volume":"64","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X221122417","article-title":"Normal C-reactive protein in active psoriatic arthritis: results from real-world clinical practice","volume":"14","author":"Gialouri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-2111-8","article-title":"A set of serum markers detecting systemic inflammation in psoriatic skin, entheseal, and joint disease in the absence of C-reactive protein and its link to clinical disease manifestations","volume":"22","author":"Sokolova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2019.01.003","article-title":"Systemic calprotectin and chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases","volume":"86","author":"Romand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reumae.2023.09.001","article-title":"DKK-1 in psoriatic arthritis: correlation with disease activity and enthesopathy","volume":"20","author":"Wahba","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reumatol Cl\u00edn (English Edition)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/u8qc6c","article-title":"Ultrasound assessment, unlike clinical assessment, reflects enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis","volume":"39","author":"Yamada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02521-y","article-title":"Serial lipocalin 2 and Oncostatin M levels reflect inflammation status and treatment response in axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"23","author":"Tsui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-022-09352-2","article-title":"Lipocalin 2\u2014not only a biomarker: a study of current literature and systematic findings of ongoing clinical trials","volume":"71","author":"Asaf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106948","article-title":"Calprotectin in spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"88","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0380","article-title":"Serological biomarkers in early axial spondyloarthritis during 24-months follow up (Italian arm of Space study)","volume":"6","author":"Lorenzin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2021.07.011","article-title":"Hidden in plain sight: is there a crucial role for enthesitis assessment in the treatment and monitoring of axial spondyloarthritis?","volume":"51","author":"McGonagle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1399-5","article-title":"The association between sonographic enthesitis and radiographic damage in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Polachek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-023-00592-8","article-title":"Efficacy of Guselkumab on axial-related symptoms through up to 2 years in adults with active psoriatic arthritis in the phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled DISCOVER-2 study","volume":"10","author":"Mease","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213328","article-title":"Risankizumab, an IL-23 inhibitor, for ankylosing spondylitis: results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept, dose-finding phase 2 study","volume":"77","author":"Baeten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120233","article-title":"The synovio-entheseal complex and its role in tendon and capsular associated inflammation","volume":"89","author":"McGonagle","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Rheumatol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21972","article-title":"Classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis: development of new criteria from a large international study","volume":"54","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002646","article-title":"Enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a nationwide data from the Chinese registry of psoriatic arthritis (CREPAR)","volume":"136","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03184-7","article-title":"Commonalities and differences in set-up and data collection across European spondyloarthritis registries \u2014 results from the EuroSpA collaboration","volume":"25","author":"Linde","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0425","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of peripheral musculoskeletal manifestations in spondyloarthritis including psoriatic arthritis: results of the worldwide, cross-sectional ASAS-PerSpA study","volume":"7","author":"L\u00f3pez-Medina","year":"2021","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.31138\/mjr.301223.dpa","article-title":"Disease profile and achievement of therapeutic goals in a modern, Nationwide cohort of 923 patients with psoriatic arthritis","volume":"34","author":"Fragoulis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mediterr J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2021.12.012","article-title":"Enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis \u2013 data from the Danish nationwide DANBIO registry","volume":"52","author":"Mathew","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150165","article-title":"The Swedish early psoriatic arthritis registry 5-year Followup: substantial radiographic progression mainly in men with high disease activity and development of dactylitis","volume":"42","author":"Geijer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2024.105807","article-title":"Clinical enthesitis in patient with psoriatic arthritis, a systematic literature review with metaanalysis","volume":"92","author":"Pignon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae705","article-title":"Ultrasonography for the assessment of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis: systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Bibas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204239","article-title":"Enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis and healthy subjects assessed by \u2018head-to-toe\u2019 whole-body MRI and clinical examination","volume":"74","author":"Poggenborg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.06.020","article-title":"Whole-body MR imaging in psoriatic arthritis: additional value for therapeutic decision making","volume":"77","author":"Weckbach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2025-005783","article-title":"High-frequency ultrasound can detect inflammatory changes of the finger pulleys anatomical entheses in early psoriatic arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Coronel","year":"2025","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-2135-0","article-title":"High-resolution MRI of flexor tendon pulleys using a 16-channel hand coil: disease detection and differentiation of psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Abrar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2025.0036","article-title":"Imaging of peripheral arthritis: special focus on differences in inflammatory lesions between rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis","volume":"26","author":"Fukuda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2021.100383","article-title":"Anatomical analysis of inflammation in hand psoriatic arthritis by dual-energy CT iodine map","volume":"8","author":"Ogiwara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae263","article-title":"Identification and characteristics of patients with potential difficult-to-treat psoriatic arthritis: exploratory analyses of the Greek PsA registry","volume":"63","author":"Vassilakis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4539","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaf137","article-title":"Identification and characteristics of patients with axial psoriatic arthritis: clinical, phenotypic and imaging associations","volume":"64","author":"Vassilakis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1093-z","article-title":"Prevalence of peripheral and extra-articular disease in ankylosing spondylitis versus non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"de Winter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11154","article-title":"Characterization of patients with axial Spondyloarthritis by enthesitis presence: data from the Corrona psoriatic arthritis\/Spondyloarthritis registry","volume":"2","author":"Mease","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2015.09.001","article-title":"Similarities and differences between patients fulfilling axial and peripheral ASAS criteria for spondyloarthritis: results from the Esperanza cohort","volume":"45","author":"del R\u00edo-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108233","article-title":"The development of assessment of SpondyloArthritis international society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection","volume":"68","author":"Rudwaleit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225443","article-title":"Power doppler signal at the enthesis and bone erosions are the most discriminative OMERACT ultrasound lesions for SpA: results from the DEUS (defining enthesitis on ultrasound in Spondyloarthritis) multicentre study","volume":"83","author":"Di Matteo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42971","article-title":"Relationship between ultrasound and physical examination in the assessment of enthesitis in patients with Spondyloarthritis: results from the <scp>DEUS<\/scp> Multicenter study","volume":"77","author":"Di Matteo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-020-00930-7","article-title":"Hip and shoulder involvement and their Management in Axial Spondyloarthritis: a current review","volume":"22","author":"L\u00f3pez-Medina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20681","article-title":"High prevalence of symptomatic enthesopathy of the shoulder in ankylosing spondylitis: deltoid origin involvement constitutes a hallmark of disease","volume":"51","author":"Lambert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-272","article-title":"Ultrasound features of shoulder involvement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a case\u2013control study","volume":"14","author":"Ali Ou Alla","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001813","article-title":"Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging vs. clinical evaluation of enthesitis in patients with spondyloarthritis","volume":"134","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02475-4","article-title":"Genetic and molecular distinctions between axial psoriatic arthritis and radiographic axial Spondyloarthritis: post hoc analyses from four phase 3 clinical trials","volume":"40","author":"Kavanaugh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.180802","article-title":"What is axial psoriatic arthritis?","volume":"45","author":"Feld","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-015-2283-5","article-title":"Enthesitis of lumbar spinal ligaments in clinically suspected spondyloarthritis: value of gadolinium-enhanced MR images in comparison to STIR","volume":"45","author":"Agten","year":"2016","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-0958-7","article-title":"Detailed pathological changes of human lumbar facet joints L1\u2013L5 in elderly individuals","volume":"15","author":"Tischer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215589","article-title":"MRI lesions in the sacroiliac joints of patients with spondyloarthritis: an update of definitions and validation by the ASAS MRI working group","volume":"78","author":"Maksymowych","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.150680","article-title":"Descriptions of spinal MRI lesions and definition of a positive MRI of the spine in axial spondyloarthritis: a consensual approach by the ASAS\/OMERACT MRI study group","volume":"71","author":"Hermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X11436240","article-title":"Imaging in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"4","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.253045117","article-title":"Spinal changes in patients with Spondyloarthritis: comparison of MR imaging and radiographic appearances","volume":"25","author":"Hermann","year":"2005","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2021.06.006","article-title":"Axial involvement in psoriatic arthritis: an update for rheumatologists","volume":"51","author":"Poddubnyy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13071342","article-title":"MRI findings in axial psoriatic spondylarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Pascu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.57.3.135","article-title":"Do the radiological changes of classic ankylosing spondylitis differ from the changes found in the spondylitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and reactive arthritis?","volume":"57","author":"Helliwell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209853","article-title":"Axial disease in psoriatic arthritis study: defining the clinical and radiographic phenotype of psoriatic spondyloarthritis","volume":"76","author":"Jadon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/8zn9z8","article-title":"Axial psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis: same or different? A real-world study with emphasis on comorbidities","author":"Fragoulis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-002994","article-title":"Extent of axial damage in psoriatic arthritis and spondyloarthritis: comparative data from the BEPAS and (be-)GIANT multicentre cohorts","volume":"9","author":"de Hooge","year":"2023","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10132845","article-title":"Axial psoriatic disease: clinical and imaging assessment of an underdiagnosed condition","volume":"10","author":"Giovannini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2009.03.005","article-title":"Relationship between enthesitis, clinical parameters and quality of life in spondyloarthritis","volume":"76","author":"Turan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1658-0","article-title":"Enthesitis and its relationships with disease parameters in Moroccan patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"32","author":"Laatiris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-008-1027-5","article-title":"The relationship between enthesitis indices and disease activity parameters in patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"28","author":"Sivas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03080-0","article-title":"Enthesitis indices identify different patients with this characteristic in axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis and also in psoriatic arthritis: ASAS-PerSpA data","volume":"25","author":"Granados","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201545","article-title":"Active inflammation and structural change in early active axial spondyloarthritis as detected by whole-body MRI","volume":"72","author":"Althoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00936","article-title":"Spine and sacroiliac joints lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in early axial-spondyloarthritis during 24-months follow-up (Italian arm of SPACE study)","volume":"11","author":"Lorenzin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.200084","article-title":"Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and healthy controls: interscan, intrareader, and Interreader agreement and distribution of lesions","volume":"48","author":"Poulsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-022-06035-w","article-title":"18F-sodium fluoride PET-CT visualizes both axial and peripheral new bone formation in psoriatic arthritis patients","volume":"50","author":"de Jongh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-025-03692-8","article-title":"Comparison of radiographic spinal changes and their progression in patients with axial spondyloarthritis vs. psoriatic arthritis with inflammatory axial involvement","volume":"28","author":"Sewerin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1182902","article-title":"Novel insights into the anatomy and histopathology of the sacroiliac joint and correlations with imaging signs of sacroiliitis in case of axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Prati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13683","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70676-w","article-title":"Finite element analysis of load transition on sacroiliac joint during bipedal walking","volume":"10","author":"Toyohara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2024.152435","article-title":"Assessment of enthesopathy in conventional pelvis radiography: another tool for spondyloarthritis diagnosis beyond sacroiliitis","volume":"67","author":"Enrique","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.05.005","article-title":"Understanding differences between men and women with axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"50","author":"Wright","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.220386","article-title":"Sex-specific differences in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Coates","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05730-1","article-title":"Association of enthesitis with severity of psoriasis in psoriatic arthritis: an observational study","volume":"44","author":"Grazio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.171094","article-title":"Influence of axial involvement on clinical characteristics of psoriatic arthritis: analysis from the Corrona psoriatic arthritis\/Spondyloarthritis registry","volume":"45","author":"Mease","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez457","article-title":"Is axial psoriatic arthritis distinct from ankylosing spondylitis with and without concomitant psoriasis?","volume":"59","author":"Feld","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-019-0066-8","article-title":"Correlation of enthesitis indices with disease activity and function in axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis: a cross-sectional study comparing MASES, SPARCC and LEI","volume":"59","author":"Palominos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-018-0744-2","article-title":"Gender differences in axial Spondyloarthritis: women are not so lucky","volume":"20","author":"Rusman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"issue":"Suppl. 105","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0715","first-page":"50","article-title":"Evaluation of whether extremely high enthesitis or Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI) scores suggest fibromyalgia and confound the anti-TNF response in early non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"35","author":"Dougados","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42917","article-title":"Unveiling metabolic similarities of entheses in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis using noninvasive in vivo molecular imaging: results from a cross-sectional exploratory study","volume":"76","author":"Fagni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reuma.2020.12.005","article-title":"Diffuse peripheral enthesitis in metabolic syndrome: a retrospective clinical and power doppler ultrasound study","volume":"18","author":"Falsetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-025-07345-8","article-title":"Radiographic entheseal lesions of the pelvic region are more prevalent in radiographic axSpA than in age- and sex-matched controls and are associated with more severe spinal disease","volume":"44","author":"Wink","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s43166-022-00157-7","article-title":"Burden of enthesitis on the quality of life and work productivity in psoriatic arthritis patients","volume":"49","author":"Fahmi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Egypt Rheumatol Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.191117","article-title":"Disease characteristics, quality of life, and work productivity by enthesitis site: real-world data from the US Corrona psoriatic arthritis\/Spondyloarthritis registry","volume":"48","author":"Mease","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3299","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab901","article-title":"Characteristics of patients with axial spondyloarthritis by geographic regions: PROOF multicountry observational study baseline results","volume":"61","author":"Poddubnyy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.06.016","article-title":"Psoriasis is an independent risk factor for entheseal damage in axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"50","author":"Solmaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-015-3360-8","article-title":"A relationship between spinal new bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis and the sonographically determined Achilles tendon enthesophytes","volume":"36","author":"Aydin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2017-000482","article-title":"Relationships between ultrasound enthesitis, disease activity and axial radiographic structural changes in patients with early spondyloarthritis: data from DESIR cohort","volume":"3","author":"Ruyssen-Witrand","year":"2017","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-021-01039-1","article-title":"Enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis, the sonographic perspective","volume":"23","author":"Smerilli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bib766","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-001845","article-title":"Clinically relevant patient clusters identified by machine learning from the clinical development programme of secukinumab in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"7","author":"Pournara","year":"2021","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bib767","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002934","article-title":"Identification of PsA phenotypes with machine learning analytics using data from two phase III clinical trials of guselkumab in a bio-na\u00efve population of patients with PsA","volume":"9","author":"Richette","year":"2023","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014_bib768","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/b8co74","article-title":"Patient clusters identified by machine learning from a pooled analysis of the clinical development programme of secukinumab in psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis with axial manifestations","author":"Baraliakos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997226000285?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997226000285?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T14:32:16Z","timestamp":1775053936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997226000285"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":156,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997226000285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Enthesitis in Spondyloarthritis. From pathogenesis to clinical presentation and imaging: Similarities and differences between PsA and axSpA","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autoimmunity Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104014"}}