{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:10:31Z","timestamp":1790302231476,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":248,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:44:24Z","timestamp":1783698264000},"page":"104139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The future of TCR-Treg therapies is renewables"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Cheng Rui","family":"Peh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tu","family":"Nguyen-Dumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi Tian","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua Daniel","family":"Ooi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0005","first-page":"1026","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in the United States, arthritis","volume":"72","author":"Dinse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0010","article-title":"Estimation of prevalence of autoimmune diseases in the United States using electronic health record data","volume":"135","author":"Abend","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00457-9","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and co-occurrence of autoimmune disorders over time and by age, sex, and socioeconomic status: a population-based cohort study of 22 million individuals in the UK","volume":"401","author":"Conrad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0020","article-title":"History of the development of corticosteroid therapy","volume":"29","author":"Benedek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1515\/rir-2025-0016","article-title":"How will we treat systemic lupus erythematosus in the next 5 years?","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatol Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.70131","article-title":"Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in systemic sclerosis: current evidence and future directions","volume":"7","author":"Sieiro Santos","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.4c00067","article-title":"Unveiling novel drug targets and emerging therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: a comprehensive review","volume":"7","author":"Khokhar","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-004727","article-title":"Sustained drug-free remission in rheumatoid arthritis associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma following tandem CD20-CD19-directed non-cryopreserved CAR-T cell therapy using zamtocabtagene autoleucel","volume":"10","author":"Szabo","year":"2024","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2023-eular.2336","article-title":"Disease burden and unmet need in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with advanced therapy: results from a real-world survey in europe and the United States","volume":"82","author":"Khandker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.4164","article-title":"Discontinuation of first-line disease-modifying therapy in patients with stable multiple sclerosis: the DOT-MS randomized clinical trial","volume":"82","author":"Coerver","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-024-03408-4","article-title":"Long-term outcome of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with systemic sclerosis: a comparison with patients treated with rituximab and with traditional immunosuppressive agents","volume":"26","author":"Del Papa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-01050-x","article-title":"Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder \u2014 recommendations from ECTRIMS and the EBMT","volume":"21","author":"Muraro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.6368","article-title":"Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation vs intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"311","author":"van Laar","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/2397198320971967","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in systemic sclerosis: yes!! BUT","volume":"6","author":"AlOdhaibi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Scleroderma Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2011.00060","article-title":"The molecular mechanisms of regulatory T cell immunosuppression","volume":"2","author":"Pandiyan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/08830185.2023.2274574","article-title":"Low-dose IL-2 therapy in autoimmune diseases: An update review","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-026-10208-0","article-title":"Facile induction of immune tolerance by an interleukin-2\u2013TGF\u03b2 surrogate agonist","volume":"653","author":"Sun","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12475","article-title":"Induction of stable human FOXP3(+) Tregs by a parasite-derived TGF-\u03b2 mimic","volume":"99","author":"Cook","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.648408","article-title":"Low-dose IL-2 therapy in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases","volume":"12","author":"Gra\u00dfhoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/immadv\/ltad012","article-title":"Challenges in tolerogenic dendritic cell therapy for autoimmune diseases: the route of administration","volume":"3","author":"Mansilla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunother Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2024.04.009","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells in autoimmune disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of pre-clinical studies","volume":"223","author":"Swain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-026-03001-x","article-title":"Clinical progress of engineered cellular immunotherapies for autoimmunity","volume":"44","author":"Solimani","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.4078\/jrd.2024.0122","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: current insights and future prospects","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1509956","article-title":"From promise to practice: CAR T and Treg cell therapies in autoimmunity and other immune-mediated diseases","volume":"15","author":"Bulliard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1007\/s00393-025-01705-0","article-title":"Long-term follow up of efficiency and safety of CD19-CAR T-cell treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"84","author":"Taubmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Z Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1080\/1750743X.2025.2572963","article-title":"Allogeneic CAR-T cell therapy in autoimmune diseases","volume":"17","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2025.100749","article-title":"Allogeneic CD19-targeted CAR-T therapy in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus achieved durable remission","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0140","first-page":"1","article-title":"Balancing immunity with Tregs","volume":"44","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.581433","article-title":"Antigen specificity enhances disease control by Tregs in vitiligo","volume":"11","author":"Mukhatayev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102761","article-title":"Engineered antigen-specific regulatory T cells for autoimmune skin conditions","volume":"20","author":"Mukhatayev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22329","article-title":"Dominant protection from HLA-linked autoimmunity by antigen-specific regulatory T cells","volume":"545","author":"Ooi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0160","unstructured":"Z.F.S. Lim, R.M. Cheong, F. Vincent, J. Chang, H. Halim, K.L. Loh, E.S. Tay, C.R. Peh, G.K.-W. Kong and M. Rischmueller, Gene-Engineered Ro60-Specific Regulatory T Cells Suppress Autoreactive Inflammatory Responses in Sj\u00f6gren's Disease, n.d. Available at SSRN 5586124."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2025.01.005","article-title":"Engineered antigen-specific T regulatory cells suppress autoreactivity to the anti\u2013glomerular basement membrane disease antigen","volume":"107","author":"Eggenhuizen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0170","series-title":"Smith-specific regulatory T cells halt the progression of lupus nephritis","author":"Ooi","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-021-10231-w","article-title":"Clinical trials based on mesenchymal stromal cells are exponentially increasing: where are we in recent years?","volume":"18","author":"Galderisi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02313-9","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells in treating human diseases: molecular mechanisms and clinical studies","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8071025","article-title":"The immunomodulatory functions of mesenchymal stromal\/stem cells mediated via paracrine activity","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00932-0","article-title":"The secretion profile of mesenchymal stem cells and potential applications in treating human diseases","volume":"7","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0195","article-title":"Global clinical trials on stem cell therapy for autoimmune diseases: trends and future directions","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0200","article-title":"Molecular and therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on autoimmune diseases, world","volume":"17","author":"Sengul Bag","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.70000","article-title":"Stem cell therapies in the clinic","volume":"10","author":"Acharya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioeng Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00285","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells: allogeneic MSC may be immunosuppressive but autologous MSC are dysfunctional in lupus patients","volume":"7","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1192636","article-title":"Editorial: next generation MSC therapy manufacturing, potency and mechanism of action analysis","volume":"14","author":"Chinnadurai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4083921","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells: from discovery to manufacturing and commercialization","volume":"2018","author":"Mizukami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2020.07.003","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a large source of primary mesenchymal stem cells tightly adhered to bone surfaces of human vertebral body marrow cavities","volume":"22","author":"Johnstone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-016-0427-0","article-title":"Long-term safety of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for systemic lupus erythematosus: a 6-year follow-up study","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0235","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: hope for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1080\/17460751.2024.2443352","article-title":"Allogeneic bone marrow derived clonal mesenchymal stromal cells in refractory rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study","volume":"19","author":"Jamshidi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Regen Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0245","unstructured":"Y. Chen, R. Gao, X. Guo, G. Yao, X. Tang, Y.E. Liu and L. Sun, Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: long-term efficacy, safety, and mechanistic insights, Rheumatol Autoimmun. n.d."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208918","article-title":"Intravenous administration of expanded allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in refractory rheumatoid arthritis (Cx611): results of a multicentre, dose escalation, randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled phase Ib\/IIa clinical trial","volume":"76","author":"\u00c1lvaro-Gracia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103427","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem\/stromal cell-based therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: an update on preclinical studies","volume":"69","author":"Lopez-Santalla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ebiomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04495-z","article-title":"Harnessing mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells-based therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms, clinical applications, and microenvironmental interactions","volume":"16","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0265","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells-involved strategies for rheumatoid arthritis therapy","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-12-157","article-title":"Intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stem cells leads to reduced inflammation and cartilage damage in murine antigen-induced arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Kehoe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284828","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"18","author":"Mesa","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04184-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation in the treatment of autoimmune and rheumatic immune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.15283\/ijsc.2015.8.1.54","article-title":"New strategies for overcoming limitations of mesenchymal stem cell-based immune modulation","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70189","article-title":"Clinical Progress in mesenchymal stem cell therapy: a focus on rheumatic diseases","volume":"13","author":"Hetta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.02.003","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy: Progress to date and future outlook","volume":"33","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1639439","article-title":"From bench to bedside: translating mesenchymal stem cell therapies through preclinical and clinical evidence","volume":"13","author":"Patel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0305","article-title":"Innovative cellular therapies for autoimmune diseases: expert-based position statement and clinical practice recommendations from the EBMT practice harmonization and guidelines committee","volume":"69","author":"Greco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eclinmed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.61474\/ncs.2025.00022","article-title":"Modulating autoimmune diseases with CAR-Tregs: a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy","volume":"3","author":"Mishra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Cell Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1511671","article-title":"T-regulatory cells for the treatment of autoimmune diseases","volume":"16","author":"Fisher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1675114","article-title":"Regulatory T cell therapies: from patient data to biological insights","volume":"16","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1328193","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying immunosuppression by regulatory cells","volume":"15","author":"Goldmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141503","article-title":"Polyclonal Treg cells modulate T effector cell trafficking","volume":"41","author":"Davidson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00051","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of treg-mediated T cell suppression","volume":"3","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00786","article-title":"Targeting regulatory T cells to treat patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"9","author":"Mizui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxac078","article-title":"Regulatory T-cell therapy approaches","volume":"211","author":"McCallion","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.744763","article-title":"Polyclonal regulatory T cell manufacturing under cGMP: a decade of experience","volume":"12","author":"Balcerek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00038","article-title":"Automated clinical grade expansion of regulatory T cells in a fully closed system","volume":"10","author":"Mar\u00edn Morales","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad4134","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes immunotherapy using polyclonal regulatory T cells","volume":"7","author":"Bluestone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0365","article-title":"A comprehensive review of low-dose Interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus: mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical applications","volume":"16","author":"Farooq","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0370","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of low-dose Interleukin-2 therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Akkur","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.147474","article-title":"The effect of low-dose IL-2 and Treg adoptive cell therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.4.2018","article-title":"IL-2 is essential for TGF-beta to convert naive CD4+CD25- cells to CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and for expansion of these cells","volume":"178","author":"Zheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-024-01034-5","article-title":"Current advancements in cellular immunotherapy for autoimmune disease","volume":"47","author":"Berry","year":"2025","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197015","article-title":"Treg enhancing therapies to treat autoimmune diseases","volume":"21","author":"Eggenhuizen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20409","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20409","article-title":"Human monocytes undergo functional re-programming during differentiation to dendritic cell mediated by human extravillous trophoblasts","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231132","article-title":"A protocol for rapid monocyte isolation and generation of singular human monocyte-derived dendritic cells","volume":"15","author":"Chometon","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0405","first-page":"68159","article-title":"A simple and efficient method for testing immunomodulatory agents for generation of Tolerogenic dendritic cells from human CD14+ monocytes","volume":"218","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33248-7","article-title":"Comparative transcriptomic profile of tolerogenic dendritic cells differentiated with vitamin D3, dexamethasone and rapamycin","volume":"8","author":"Navarro-Barriuso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12870","article-title":"Tolerogenic dendritic cells generated with dexamethasone and vitamin D3 regulate rheumatoid arthritis CD4+ T cells partly via transforming growth factor-\u03b21","volume":"187","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00569","article-title":"Tolerogenic dendritic cells for regulatory T cell induction in Man","volume":"6","author":"Raker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01169","article-title":"Tolerogenic dendritic cells as a promising antigen-specific therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica from preclinical to clinical trials","volume":"9","author":"Fl\u00f3rez-Grau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8463","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1820039116","article-title":"Immune tolerance in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica with peptide-loaded tolerogenic dendritic cells in a phase 1b trial","volume":"116","author":"Zubizarreta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01764","article-title":"Tolerance through education: how Tolerogenic dendritic cells shape immunity","volume":"8","author":"Domogalla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-380995-7.00004-5","article-title":"How tolerogenic dendritic cells induce regulatory T cells","volume":"108","author":"Maldonado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00148","article-title":"Tolerogenic dendritic cells and T-regulatory cells at the clinical trials crossroad for the treatment of autoimmune disease; emphasis on type 1 diabetes therapy","volume":"10","author":"Phillips","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00350","article-title":"Mechanisms of tolerance induction by dendritic cells in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0472","article-title":"Phase I (safety) study of autologous tolerogenic dendritic cells in type 1 diabetic patients","volume":"34","author":"Giannoukakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa9301","article-title":"Citrullinated peptide dendritic cell immunotherapy in HLA risk genotype\u2013positive rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"7","author":"Benham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208456","article-title":"Autologous tolerogenic dendritic cells for rheumatoid and inflammatory arthritis","volume":"76","author":"Bell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8415","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168415","article-title":"Tolerogenic dendritic cell-based approaches in autoimmunity","volume":"22","author":"Passeri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv144","article-title":"Intraperitoneal Administration of Autologous Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells for refractory Crohn\u2019s disease: a phase I study","volume":"9","author":"Jauregui-Amezaga","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4517","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-04-215020","article-title":"GM-CSF and IL-4 induce dendritic cell differentiation and disrupt osteoclastogenesis through M-CSF receptor shedding by up-regulation of TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE)","volume":"114","author":"Hiasa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4029","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.10.4029.bloodjournal88104029","article-title":"Generation of CD1+RelB+ dendritic cells and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast-like multinucleated Giant cells from human monocytes","volume":"88","author":"Akagawa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.727441","article-title":"Cell cycle entry control in na\u00efve and memory CD8+ T cells","volume":"9","author":"Lewis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjq012","article-title":"IL-15R\u03b1-IgG1-fc enhances IL-2 and IL-15 anti-tumor action through NK and CD8+ T cells proliferation and activation","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6218","article-title":"Potential mechanisms of human natural killer cell expansion in vivo during low-dose IL-2 therapy","volume":"106","author":"Fehniger","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10961","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005641107","article-title":"Expansion of human NK-22 cells with IL-7, IL-2, and IL-1\u03b2 reveals intrinsic functional plasticity","volume":"107","author":"Cella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16962","article-title":"Expanding antigen-specific regulatory networks to treat autoimmunity","volume":"530","author":"Clemente-Casares","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0515","article-title":"Nanoparticle-based drug delivery Systems for Induction of tolerance and treatment of autoimmune diseases","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.681062","article-title":"Strategies to use nanoparticles to generate CD4 and CD8 regulatory T cells for the treatment of SLE and other autoimmune diseases","volume":"12","author":"Horwitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32017","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2016451117","article-title":"Tolerogenic nanoparticles suppress central nervous system inflammation","volume":"117","author":"Kenison","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.049","article-title":"Nanoparticles encapsulating antigenic peptides induce tolerogenic dendritic cells in situ for treating systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"380","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01201-w","article-title":"Antigen-specific immunotherapies for autoimmune disease","volume":"21","author":"Buckner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0540","article-title":"Nanoparticle-based tolerogenic vaccines: next-generation strategies for autoimmune and allergic disease therapies","volume":"65","author":"Nachod","year":"2026","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0545","article-title":"Immunotherapy strategy for systemic autoimmune diseases: betting on CAR-T cells and antibodies","volume":"13","author":"Chasov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibodies Basel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1447147","article-title":"CAR-engineered T cell therapy as an emerging strategy for treating autoimmune diseases","volume":"11","author":"Vukovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0555","series-title":"A phase 1 study of autologous CAR-Treg cells in refractory rheumatoid arthritis: interim report of safety and efficacy","first-page":"24","author":"Kohler","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnves.2025.100048","article-title":"Natural killer cell immunotherapies beyond cancer","volume":"1","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0565","article-title":"CAR-based cell therapy for autoimmune diseases","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.01.014","article-title":"Shifting gears with CAR T cells for autoimmune diseases","volume":"32","author":"Kale","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003406","article-title":"CAR-based cell therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"138","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-04185-6","article-title":"CD19 CAR-T cells for treatment-refractory autoimmune diseases: the phase 1\/2 CASTLE basket trial","volume":"32","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2024-eular.3334","article-title":"POS0030, Safety and preliminary efficacy of cd19 car-t cell treatment in rheumatic disease- data from the first part of the phase i\/ii castle basket study","volume":"83","author":"Schett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2023-eular.3736","article-title":"Long term safety and efficacy of car-t cell treatment in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus - data from the first seven patients","volume":"82","author":"Taubmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01941","article-title":"T cell\/B cell collaboration and autoimmunity: An intimate relationship","volume":"9","author":"Petersone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0600","first-page":"215308","article-title":"cell in autoimmune diseases","volume":"2012","author":"Hampe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scientifica (Cairo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-026-10235-x","article-title":"In vivo site-specific engineering to reprogram T cells","volume":"652","author":"Nyberg","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0610","article-title":"B cell depletion therapies in autoimmune diseases: monoclonal antibodies or chimeric antigen receptor-based therapy?","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.10.037","article-title":"Hypogammaglobulinemia after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy: characteristics, management, and future directions","volume":"10","author":"Wat","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HS9.0000967956.37234.fb","article-title":"S261: first in human data of NKX019, an allogeneic car NK for the treatment of relapsed\/refractory (R\/R) B-cell malignancies","volume":"7","author":"Dickinson","year":"2023","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-212347","article-title":"A phase 1 study of NKX019, an allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) cell therapy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"144","author":"Askanase","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.21-0135","article-title":"CAR-NK cells from engineered pluripotent stem cells: off-the-shelf therapeutics for all patients","volume":"10","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.05.038","article-title":"An iPSC-derived CD19\/BCMA CAR-NK therapy in a patient with systemic sclerosis","volume":"188","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016200","article-title":"Allogeneic natural killer cell therapy","volume":"141","author":"Berrien-Elliott","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6317","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI138416","article-title":"Antigen-specific B cell depletion for precision therapy of mucosal pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"130","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e19763","article-title":"Engineering chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells for targeted B cell depletion in multiple sclerosis model: An in-vitro study","volume":"9","author":"Sahlolbei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf6756","article-title":"Reengineering chimeric antigen receptor T cells for targeted therapy of autoimmune disease","volume":"353","author":"Ellebrecht","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2018.04.006","article-title":"La\/SSB chimeric autoantibody receptor modified NK92MI cells for targeted therapy of autoimmune disease","volume":"192","author":"Meng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2023.109328","article-title":"Manufacturing regulatory T cells for adoptive cell therapy in immune diseases: a critical appraisal","volume":"251","author":"Abhishek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.11.008","article-title":"Genetic engineering of human and mouse CD4(+) and CD8(+) Tregs using lentiviral vectors encoding chimeric antigen receptors","volume":"20","author":"Vimond","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2019.12.009","article-title":"Toward an optimized process for clinical manufacturing of CAR-Treg cell therapy","volume":"38","author":"Fritsche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y.D. Muller, L.M.R. Ferreira, E. Ronin, P. Ho, V. Nguyen, G. Faleo, Y. Zhou, K. Lee, K.K. Leung, N. Skartsis, A.M. Kaul, A. Mulder, F.H.J. Claas, J.A. Wells, J.A. Bluestone and Q. Tang, Precision engineering of an anti-HLA-A2 chimeric antigen receptor in regulatory T cells for transplant immune tolerance, Front Immunol Volume 12\u20132021 (2021).","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.686439"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13297","article-title":"Methods to manufacture regulatory T cells for cell therapy","volume":"197","author":"MacDonald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61737-979-6_2","article-title":"In vitro Treg suppression assays","volume":"707","author":"Collison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020287","article-title":"CAR-T regulatory (CAR-Treg) cells: engineering and applications","volume":"10","author":"Arjomandnejad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.20517\/mtod.2024.52","article-title":"Regulatory T cell-based therapies for type 1 diabetes: a narrative review","volume":"5","author":"Velikova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metabol Target Organ Damage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi18-0058","article-title":"Function, failure, and the future potential of Tregs in type 1 diabetes","volume":"70","author":"Bettini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116440","article-title":"Exploring the therapeutic potential of regulatory T cell in rheumatoid arthritis: insights into subsets, markers, and signaling pathways","volume":"174","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13100797","article-title":"Targeted therapy of multiple sclerosis: a case for antigen-specific Tregs","volume":"13","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2025.2538350","article-title":"Research progress on chimeric antigen receptor-based immunotherapy against autoimmune diseases","volume":"21","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-306919","article-title":"Developing in vitro expanded CD45RA+ regulatory T cells as an adoptive cell therapy for Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"65","author":"Canavan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-092733","article-title":"Protocol for a first-in-human feasibility study of T regulatory cells (TR004) for inflammatory bowel disease using (ex vivo) Treg expansion (TRIBUTE)","volume":"15","author":"Rodger","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.025","article-title":"Correction of defective T-regulatory cells from patients with Crohn\u2019s disease by ex vivo ligation of retinoic acid receptor-\u03b1","volume":"156","author":"Goldberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108409","article-title":"A new approach in the treatment of autoimmune diseases","volume":"102","author":"Beheshti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01125","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor-redirected regulatory T cells suppress experimental allergic airway inflammation, a model of asthma","volume":"8","author":"Skuljec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08925.x","article-title":"Gene therapy for haemophilia: prospects and challenges to prevent or reverse inhibitor formation","volume":"156","author":"Scott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00554","article-title":"Gene therapy with regulatory T cells: a beneficial alliance","volume":"9","author":"Biswas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114624","article-title":"Exploiting regulatory T cells (Tregs): cutting-edge therapy for autoimmune diseases","volume":"155","author":"Hassan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02326-4","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in homeostasis and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12665","article-title":"Predicting the spectrum of TCR repertoire sharing with a data-driven model of recombination","volume":"284","author":"Elhanati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/334395a0","article-title":"T-cell antigen receptor genes and T-cell recognition","volume":"334","author":"Davis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071720","article-title":"The quest for the best: how TCR affinity, avidity, and functional avidity affect TCR-engineered T-cell antitumor responses","volume":"9","author":"Campillo-Davo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.2.287","article-title":"CD4+ CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells suppress polyclonal T cell activation in vitro by inhibiting interleukin 2 production","volume":"188","author":"Thornton","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/10.12.1969","article-title":"Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by CD25+ CD4+ naturally anergic and suppressive T cells: induction of autoimmune disease by breaking their anergic\/suppressive state","volume":"10","author":"Takahashi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.1.183","article-title":"Suppressor effector function of CD4+ CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells is antigen nonspecific","volume":"164","author":"Thornton","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.08.010","article-title":"Role of LAG-3 in regulatory T cells","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.09.006","article-title":"Spatiotemporal basis of CTLA-4 costimulatory molecule-mediated negative regulation of T cell activation","volume":"33","author":"Yokosuka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)00031-5","article-title":"The CD28 and CTLA-4 receptors associate with the serine\/threonine phosphatase PP2A","volume":"13","author":"Chuang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5265.1170","article-title":"Regulation of T cell receptor signaling by tyrosine phosphatase SYP association with CTLA-4","volume":"272","author":"Mareng\u00e8re","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5655","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.12.5655","article-title":"Naturally processed peptides from rheumatoid arthritis associated and non-associated HLA-DR alleles","volume":"155","author":"Kirschmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI7936","article-title":"Naturally processed and presented epitopes of the islet cell autoantigen IA-2 eluted from HLA-DR4","volume":"104","author":"Peakman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.4.1763","article-title":"Identification and modulation of a naturally processed T cell epitope from the diabetes-associated autoantigen human glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (hGAD65)","volume":"98","author":"Nepom","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.01.144","article-title":"Analysis of eluted peptides from type 1 diabetes-susceptible HLA class II molecules identified novel islet protein, heparin\/heparan sulfate-interacting protein","volume":"329","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0041-4","article-title":"Next-generation regulatory T cell therapy","volume":"18","author":"Ferreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abo2628","article-title":"Selective decrease of donor-reactive T(regs) after liver transplantation limits T(reg) therapy for promoting allograft tolerance in humans","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V641178","article-title":"Identification of the alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen as the common autoantigen in antibasement membrane disease and Goodpasture syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Kalluri","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.08.002","article-title":"The myelin-associated oligodendrocytic basic protein (MOBP) as a relevant primary target autoantigen in multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Kaushansky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2004.10.004","article-title":"Autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: spectrum and clinical associations","volume":"53","author":"Haddouk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pathol Biol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.5604\/17322693.1117543","article-title":"Serological profile of patients with systemic sclerosis","volume":"68","author":"Wielosz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Postepy Hig Med Dosw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2003.12.012","article-title":"T cell epitope spreading to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in HLA-DR4 transgenic mice during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"111","author":"Klehmet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1080\/030097498442316","article-title":"Analysis of epitope spreading over an eleven-year period in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"27","author":"Orth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2014.11.001","article-title":"B cell epitope spreading: mechanisms and contribution to autoimmune diseases","volume":"163","author":"Cornaby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009599","article-title":"60 kD Ro and nRNP A frequently initiate human lupus autoimmunity","volume":"5","author":"Heinlen","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2001.00852.x","article-title":"Epitope spreading: protection from pathogens, but propagation of autoimmunity?","volume":"26","author":"Powell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0895","series-title":"Autoimmunity: From Bench to Bedside","article-title":"Chapter 17: HLA association with autoimmune diseases","author":"Cruz-Tapias","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029819","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis risk variant HLA-DRB1*1501 associates with high expression of DRB1 gene in different human populations","volume":"7","author":"Alcina","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1086\/342290","article-title":"Visualizing human leukocyte antigen class II risk haplotypes in human systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"71","author":"Graham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12173","article-title":"Once a Treg, always a Treg?","volume":"259","author":"Sawant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01460","article-title":"Engineered tolerance: tailoring development, function, and antigen-specificity of regulatory T cells","volume":"8","author":"Dawson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2023.103057","article-title":"Supraphysiological FOXP3 expression in human CAR-Tregs results in improved stability, efficacy, and safety of CAR-Treg products for clinical application","volume":"138","author":"Henschel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.911151","article-title":"Nature vs. nurture: FOXP3, genetics, and tissue environment shape Treg function","volume":"13","author":"Raugh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.861607","article-title":"Epigenetic control of regulatory T cell stability and function: implications for translation","volume":"13","author":"Joudi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2015.01.003","article-title":"TCR affinity for p\/MHC formed by tumor antigens that are self-proteins: impact on efficacy and toxicity","volume":"33","author":"Stone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-06-509604","article-title":"Genetic engineering of T-cell receptors: TCR takes to titin","volume":"122","author":"Heslop","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2022.11.007","article-title":"A library of cancer testis specific T cell receptors for T cell receptor gene therapy","volume":"28","author":"de Rooij","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Therapy - Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-03-490565","article-title":"Cardiovascular toxicity and titin cross-reactivity of affinity-enhanced T cells in myeloma and melanoma","volume":"122","author":"Linette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0955","article-title":"In-depth analysis of the safety of CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors","volume":"16","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.934343","article-title":"Regulatory CAR-T cells in autoimmune diseases: Progress and current challenges","volume":"13","author":"Riet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141651","article-title":"Suppression assays with human T regulatory cells: a technical guide","volume":"42","author":"McMurchy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0970","series-title":"Optimizing a potency assay for regulatory T cell therapies","author":"Leung","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0975","article-title":"Potency testing of cell and gene therapy products","volume":"10","author":"Salmikangas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0980","series-title":"Book Potency Tests for Cellular and Gene Therapy Products","article-title":"Potency tests for cellular and gene therapy products","author":"Food and D. Administration","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2025.03.247","article-title":"Understanding US-FDA guidance on potency assurance","volume":"27","author":"Oyaski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0990","first-page":"73","article-title":"Regulatory T cell-based therapies for autoimmunity","volume":"22","author":"Arellano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Discov Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxad051","article-title":"Regulatory T-cell dysfunction and its implication for cell therapy","volume":"213","author":"Valentini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.932485","article-title":"Tregs in autoimmunity: insights into intrinsic brake mechanism driving pathogenesis and immune homeostasis","volume":"13","author":"Bednar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.015099","article-title":"Restoring the balance: immunotherapeutic combinations for autoimmune disease","volume":"7","author":"Smilek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-024-00959-8","article-title":"Sequential immunotherapy: towards cures for autoimmunity","volume":"23","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Valle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0280-2","article-title":"Regulatory T cells mediate specific suppression by depleting peptide-MHC class II from dendritic cells","volume":"20","author":"Akkaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1771099","article-title":"The relativity of regulatory T cell suppression modes","volume":"17","author":"Bai","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3477","article-title":"The role of dendritic cells in autoimmunity","volume":"13","author":"Ganguly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1188049","article-title":"From bench to bedside: the history and progress of CAR T cell therapy","volume":"14","author":"Mitra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3438","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33156","article-title":"Cost of decentralized CAR T-cell production in an academic nonprofit setting","volume":"147","author":"Ran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16797","article-title":"Regulatory T cells: a review of manufacturing and clinical utility","volume":"62","author":"Mamo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1604483","article-title":"Treg cell therapy manufacturability: current state of the art, challenges and new opportunities","volume":"16","author":"Stoops","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.70107","article-title":"Isolation of pure stable human Treg cells based on expression of GPA33","volume":"56","author":"Morgana","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-015-1761-x","article-title":"NK-92: an \u2018off-the-shelf therapeutic\u2019 for adoptive natural killer cell-based cancer immunotherapy","volume":"65","author":"Suck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1060","first-page":"1","article-title":"Circulating mesenchymal stem cells and their clinical implications","volume":"2","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Transl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1065","unstructured":"A. Lopes, A. Sinclair and B. Frohlich, Cost analysis of cell therapy manufacture: autologous cell therapies, part 2. 2018, Retrieved from BioProcess International: https:\/\/bioprocessintl. com\/manufacturing\/cell-therapies\/cost-analysis-of-cell-therapy-manufacturing-autologous-cell-therapies-part-2 (2023)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1070","first-page":"121","article-title":"A discount on the cost of cancer: India\u2019s homegrown CAR-T cell therapy","volume":"7","author":"Rehman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Cell Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-022-01866-5","article-title":"Decentralized manufacturing of anti CD19 CAR-T cells using CliniMACS prodigy\u00ae: real-world experience and cost analysis in India","volume":"58","author":"Palani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvad102","article-title":"In-hospital manufacturing of cellular therapies using automated systems","volume":"69","author":"Kadauke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06400-x","article-title":"Surveying local CAR T-cell manufacturing processes to facilitate standardization and expand accessibility","volume":"23","author":"Gupta","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frtra.2023.1238535","article-title":"Promises and challenges of a decentralized CAR T-cell manufacturing model","volume":"2","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2021.09.007","article-title":"CAR-T cell therapy in India requires a paradigm shift in training, education and health care processes","volume":"24","author":"Ravindranath","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1100","series-title":"The Make-or-Buy Decision for Cell and Gene Therapy Manufacturing: Implications for Overcoming Manufacturing Bottlenecks and Challenges","author":"Scott","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1105","series-title":"Global Demand for CAR-T Cell Therapies by Product in 2025","author":"Bioinformant","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1110","first-page":"41","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of Relmacabtagene Autoleucel for relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma in China, value health Reg","volume":"37","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1115","series-title":"CAR T-cell therapy China 2024","author":"I.H. Ltd","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1120","series-title":"Cost of CAR-T Therapy: China vs US vs Europe, PlacidWay","author":"PlacidWay","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-024-00809-y","article-title":"Cutting-edge CAR-T cancer therapy is now made in India \u2014 at one-tenth the cost","volume":"627","author":"S","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2025.100677","article-title":"Emerging trends in clinical allogeneic CAR cell therapy","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1433432","article-title":"\u201coff-the-shelf\u201d allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for B-cell malignancies: current clinical evidence and challenges","volume":"14","author":"Mohty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-019-0106-0","article-title":"Overview: an iPS cell stock at CiRA","volume":"39","author":"Umekage","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm Regen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2022.10.003","article-title":"A clinical-grade HLA haplobank of human induced pluripotent stem cells matching approximately 40% of the Japanese population","volume":"4","author":"Yoshida","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36512","article-title":"Regulatory T lymphocytes as a treatment method for rheumatoid arthritis \u2013 superiority of allogeneic to autologous cells","volume":"10","author":"Chmiel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaj2013","article-title":"Molecular remission of infant B-ALL after infusion of universal TALEN gene-edited CAR T cells","volume":"9","author":"Qasim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-3321","article-title":"Multiplex genome-edited T-cell manufacturing platform for \u201coff-the-shelf\u201d adoptive T-cell immunotherapies","volume":"75","author":"Poirot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.06.027","article-title":"Allogeneic CD19-targeted CAR-T therapy in patients with severe myositis and systemic sclerosis","volume":"187","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02182-7","article-title":"Allogeneic BCMA-targeting CAR T cells in relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma: phase 1 UNIVERSAL trial interim results","volume":"29","author":"Mailankody","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1175","article-title":"Simultaneous editing of TCR, HLA-I\/II and HLA-E resulted in enhanced universal CAR-T resistance to Allo-rejection","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32334-5","article-title":"Genome-edited, donor-derived allogeneic anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells in paediatric and adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of two phase 1 studies","volume":"396","author":"Benjamin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-024-03479-y","article-title":"Recent updates on allogeneic CAR-T cells in hematological malignancies","volume":"24","author":"Mansoori","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.12.072","article-title":"Off-the-shelf CD19-specific CAR-NKT cells in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies","volume":"30","author":"Ramos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02785-8","article-title":"Safety, efficacy and determinants of response of allogeneic CD19-specific CAR-NK cells in CD19+ B cell tumors: a phase 1\/2 trial","volume":"30","author":"Marin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006200","article-title":"CD38 deletion of human primary NK cells eliminates daratumumab-induced fratricide and boosts their effector activity","volume":"136","author":"Naeimi Kararoudi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9090","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64945-3","article-title":"HLA matching or CRISPR editing of HLA class I\/II enables engraftment and effective function of allogeneic human regulatory T cell therapy in a humanized mouse transplantation model","volume":"16","author":"McCallion","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0051-2","article-title":"\u2018Off-the-shelf\u2019 allogeneic CAR T cells: development and challenges","volume":"19","author":"Depil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01809-0","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): molecular mechanisms of induction and applications","volume":"9","author":"Cerneckis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-156904","article-title":"iPSC-derived HLA-A2 CAR Tregs showed suppression of GvHD in a xenograft model","volume":"140","author":"Yano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2025.103813","article-title":"Generation of four human induced pluripotent stem cell lines from functionally distinct T cell lineages with defined or undefined T cell receptor specificity","volume":"88","author":"Finke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20658-3","article-title":"A clinically applicable and scalable method to regenerate T-cells from iPSCs for off-the-shelf T-cell immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Iriguchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/stmcls\/sxaf001","article-title":"A serum- and feeder-free system to generate CD4 and regulatory T cells from human iPSCs","volume":"43","author":"Fong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139_bb1240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.126471","article-title":"Stem cell-derived tissue-associated regulatory T cells suppress the activity of pathogenic cells in autoimmune diabetes","volume":"4","author":"Haque","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997226001539?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997226001539?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T07:14:00Z","timestamp":1788851640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997226001539"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":248,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997226001539"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The future of TCR-Treg therapies is renewables","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autoimmunity Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104139","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104139"}}