{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:37:19Z","timestamp":1792859839892,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:30:06Z","timestamp":1785281406000},"page":"104147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A systematic review of genetic associations, autoantibody profiles, and research gaps of peptidyl arginine deiminases type 2 (PAD2) and PAD4 in rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Abang Ulrich","family":"Akwo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ketonze Valademy","family":"Ketu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oumar","family":"Mahamat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0005","article-title":"Exploring the role of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis and in disease heterogeneity","volume":"13","author":"Chandrashekara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Internet J Rheumatol Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0409-1","article-title":"PAD enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenic effectors and autoimmune targets","volume":"16","author":"Curran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev440","article-title":"Increased levels of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 in synovial fluid from anti-CCP-positive rheumatoid arthritis patients: association with disease activity and inflammatory markers","volume":"55","author":"Damgaard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.972121","article-title":"Genetic basis of defects in immune tolerance underlying the development of autoimmunity","volume":"13","author":"Hocking","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12182235","article-title":"Molecular factors in PAD2 (PADI2) and PAD4 (PADI4) are associated with interstitial lung disease susceptibility in rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"12","author":"Nava-Quiroz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1316","article-title":"Citrulline is an essential constituent of antigenic determinants recognized by rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantibodies","volume":"101","author":"Schellekens","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11229","article-title":"Citrullination of synovial proteins in murine models of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"48","author":"Vossenaar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081259","article-title":"PADI2 is significantly associated with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3541","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22983","article-title":"Peptidyl arginine deiminase type 2 (PAD-2) and PAD-4 but not PAD-1, PAD-3, and PAD-6 are expressed in rheumatoid arthritis synovium in close association with tissue inflammation","volume":"56","author":"Foulquier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.151712","article-title":"Peptidylarginine deiminase 2, 3 and 4 have distinct specificities against cellular substrates: novel insights into autoantigen selection in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"71","author":"Darrah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1588-2","article-title":"Increased citrullination and expression of peptidylarginine deiminases independently of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans in gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis","volume":"16","author":"Engstr\u00f6m","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39313","article-title":"Release of active peptidyl arginine deiminases by neutrophils can explain production of extracellular citrullinated autoantigens in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid","volume":"67","author":"Spengler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01200","article-title":"Spontaneous secretion of the citrullination enzyme PAD2 and cell surface exposure of PAD4 by neutrophils","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203214","article-title":"Relative efficiencies of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 and 4 in generating target sites for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in fibrinogen, alpha-enolase and histone H3","volume":"13","author":"Damgaard","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96675-z","article-title":"Identification of potential autoantigens in anti-CCP-positive and anti-CCP-negative rheumatoid arthritis using citrulline-specific protein arrays","volume":"11","author":"Poulsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.012211","article-title":"Expression and activity of citrullinating peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes in monocytes and macrophages","volume":"63","author":"Vossenaar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2160192","article-title":"Insight into neutrophil extracellular traps through systematic evaluation of citrullination and peptidylarginine deiminases","volume":"2019","author":"Holmes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.01.006","article-title":"Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 is required for tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced citrullination and arthritis, but not neutrophil extracellular trap formation","volume":"80","author":"Bawadekar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5192","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105192","article-title":"Protein citrullination by peptidyl arginine deiminase\/arginine deiminase homologs in members of the human microbiota and its recognition by anti-citrullinated protein antibodies","volume":"25","author":"P\u00e9rez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.11.152","article-title":"Comparison of enzymatic properties between hPADI2 and hPADI4","volume":"327","author":"Nakayama-Hamada","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1206","article-title":"Functional haplotypes of PADI4, encoding citrullinating enzyme peptidylarginine deiminase 4, are associated with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"34","author":"Suzuki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4093","article-title":"Polymorphisms in peptidylarginine deiminase associate with rheumatoid arthritis in diverse Asian populations: evidence from MyEIRA study and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Too","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-015-3098-4","article-title":"Association between susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis and PADI4 polymorphisms: a meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-023-01532-9","article-title":"Implications of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 gene transcription and polymorphisms in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in an Iranian population","volume":"16","author":"Bagheri-Hosseinabadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med Genomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.09.037","article-title":"Novel functional polymorphism on PADI-4 gene and its association with arthritis onset","volume":"29","author":"Mukhtar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.111294","article-title":"PADI4 genotype is not associated with rheumatoid arthritis in a large UK Caucasian population","volume":"69","author":"Burr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/data9010005","article-title":"Single-nucleotide variants in PADI2 and PADI4 and ancestry informative markers in interstitial lung disease and rheumatoid arthritis among a Mexican mestizo population","volume":"9","author":"Nava-Quiroz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02696","article-title":"Autoantibodies to peptidylarginine deiminase 2 are associated with less severe disease in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Darrah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac667","article-title":"Anti-protein arginine deiminase antibodies are distinctly associated with joint and lung involvement in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"62","author":"Palterer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"186","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005370","article-title":"Erosive rheumatoid arthritis is associated with antibodies that activate PAD4 by increasing calcium sensitivity","volume":"5","author":"Darrah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41276","article-title":"Citrulline not a major determinant in the recognition of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 and 4 by autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"72","author":"Darrah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12242829","article-title":"Peptidyl arginine deiminases in chronic diseases: a focus on rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial lung disease","volume":"12","author":"Nava-Quiroz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7586","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087586","article-title":"SNP in PTPN22, PADI4, and STAT4 but not TRAF1 and CD40 increase the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in polish population","volume":"24","author":"Budlewski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.707690","article-title":"PADI4 polymorphisms confer risk of anti-CCP-positive rheumatoid arthritis in synergy with HLA-DRB1*04 and smoking","volume":"12","author":"Massarenti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12092187","article-title":"Anti-protein-arginine deiminase 4 IgG and IgA delineate severe rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Martinez-Prat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997226001618?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997226001618?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:03:46Z","timestamp":1792857826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997226001618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997226001618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A systematic review of genetic associations, autoantibody profiles, and research gaps of peptidyl arginine deiminases type 2 (PAD2) and PAD4 in rheumatoid arthritis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autoimmunity Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104147","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104147"}}