{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T04:26:54Z","timestamp":1793593614433,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:31:23Z","timestamp":1791934283000},"page":"104197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Torque teno virus monitoring for precision immunosuppression in systemic autoimmune diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Scherlinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00457-9","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and co-occurrence of autoimmune disorders over time and by age, sex, and socioeconomic status: a population-based cohort study of 22 million individuals in the UK","author":"Conrad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0010","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the treatment of systemic sclerosis: 2023 update","author":"Galdo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0015","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus with kidney involvement: 2025 update","volume":"0","author":"Fanouriakis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-025-01242-0","article-title":"Advances in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"24","author":"Scherlinger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102531","article-title":"Worldwide trends in all-cause mortality of auto-immune systemic diseases between 2001 and 2014","volume":"19","author":"Scherlinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0030","article-title":"Lupus low disease activity state and remission and risk of mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective, multinational, longitudinal cohort study","volume":"0","author":"Kandane-Rathnayake","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2025.105907","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases' mortality: secular trends and causes","volume":"93","author":"Salliot","year":"2026","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa537","article-title":"Systemic autoimmune disease as a cause of death: mortality burden and comorbidities","volume":"60","author":"Mitratza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223335","article-title":"2022 EULAR recommendations for screening and prophylaxis of chronic and opportunistic infections in adults with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases","volume":"82","author":"Fragoulis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(26)00179-7","article-title":"Low-dose and very low-dose glucocorticoids: which low is low risk?","author":"Scherlinger","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70483","article-title":"Borrelia infections under B cell-depleting therapies: a systematic review of diagnostic challenges and outcomes with special focus on neurological forms","volume":"33","author":"Cardot-Martin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez349","article-title":"The association between lymphopenia and serious infection risk in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"59","author":"Subesinghe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.671503","article-title":"Rituximab associated hypogammaglobulinemia in autoimmune disease","volume":"12","author":"Tieu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.7765","article-title":"A novel DNA virus (TTV) associated with elevated transaminase levels in posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology","volume":"241","author":"Nishizawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.07.001","article-title":"Global genome analysis reveals a vast and dynamic anellovirus landscape within the human virome","volume":"29","author":"Arze","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000004153","article-title":"Integrated immunologic monitoring in solid organ transplantation: the road toward Torque teno virus-guided immunosuppression","volume":"106","author":"Jaksch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.034","article-title":"Temporal response of the human virome to immunosuppression and antiviral therapy","volume":"155","author":"De Vlaminck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1035","article-title":"TT virus (TTV) loads associated with different peripheral blood cell types and evidence for TTV replication in activated mononuclear cells","volume":"64","author":"Maggi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1447980","article-title":"Torque teno viruses exhaust and imprint the human immune system via the HLA-E\/NKG2A axis","volume":"15","author":"Vietzen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab839","article-title":"Torque Teno Virus quantification for monitoring of immunomodulation with biologic compounds in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"61","author":"Studenic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2393","article-title":"Torque teno virus load as marker of rejection and infection in solid organ transplantation \u2013 a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Van Rijn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15810","article-title":"Torque teno virus for risk stratification of graft rejection and infection in kidney transplant recipients-A prospective observational trial","volume":"20","author":"Doberer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15145","article-title":"Monitoring of alphatorquevirus DNA levels for the prediction of immunosuppression-related complications after kidney transplantation","volume":"19","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2025.10.020","article-title":"Predictive value of torque Teno virus viral load for BK polyomavirus DNAemia depends on BK polyomavirus-specific humoral immunity in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"26","author":"Benotmane","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28936","article-title":"Torque teno virus viral load predicts SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"95","author":"Solis","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfag078","article-title":"Torque teno virus is predictive for malignancies after kidney transplantation","author":"Herz","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-023-07216-0","article-title":"A multicentre, patient- and assessor-blinded, non-inferiority, randomised and controlled phase II trial to compare standard and torque Teno virus-guided immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients in the first year after transplantation: TTVguideIT","volume":"24","author":"Haupenthal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2024.105738","article-title":"Validation, implementation and quality control of a torque Teno virus qPCR in a multinational clinical trial","volume":"175","author":"Gore","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2005.04.002","article-title":"Increased prevalence of transfusion-transmitted virus and cross-reactivity with immunodominant epitopes of the HRES-1\/p28 endogenous retroviral autoantigen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"116","author":"Gergely","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.08.036","article-title":"Torquetenovirus DNA drives proinflammatory cytokines production and secretion by immune cells via toll-like receptor 9","volume":"394","author":"Rocchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11917","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01101-07","article-title":"Torque teno virus (SANBAN isolate) ORF2 protein suppresses NF-\u03baB pathways via interaction with I\u03baB kinases","volume":"81","author":"Zheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead348","article-title":"Glucocorticoid treatment in SLE is associated with infections, comorbidities and mortality\u2014a national cohort study","volume":"63","author":"Frodlund","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214367","article-title":"Risk of serious infections in tocilizumab versus other biologic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a multidatabase cohort study","volume":"78","author":"Pawar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab438","article-title":"Risk of diverticulitis and gastrointestinal perforation in rheumatoid arthritis treated with tocilizumab compared to rituximab or abatacept","volume":"61","author":"Rempenault","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2017.02.010","article-title":"Monitoring of Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV)\/cytomegalovirus (CMV)\/varicella-zoster virus (VZV) load in patients receiving tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"85","author":"Scherlinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jt Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0180","series-title":"Torque Teno Virus as a Potential Biomarker for Assessment of Immunocompetence in Patients with ANCA-associated Vasculitis","author":"Odler","year":"2026"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e434","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(24)00377-1","article-title":"CAR T-cell therapy in autoimmune diseases: where are we and where are we going?","volume":"7","author":"Scherlinger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-025-01349-4","article-title":"Roads and detours for CAR T cell therapy in autoimmune diseases","author":"Avouac","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2026.02.002","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of blinatumomab in the treatment of refractory systemic sclerosis: a case series","author":"Scherlinger","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1806459","article-title":"Reprogramming CAR T cells across genetic, epigenetic, metabolic and microenvironmental axes to improve efficacy and safety in cancer and autoimmune disease","volume":"17","author":"Scherlinger","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-219498","article-title":"Factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic diseases: results from the COVID-19 global rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry","volume":"80","author":"Strangfeld","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020004079","article-title":"Infectious complications in patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma after BCMA CAR T-cell therapy","volume":"6","author":"Thiruvengadam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-00346-7","article-title":"Infection during the first year in patients treated with CD19 CAR T cells for diffuse large B cell lymphoma","volume":"10","author":"Wudhikarn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-025-01141-w","article-title":"Defining immune reset: achieving sustained remission in autoimmune diseases","volume":"25","author":"Junt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-005076","article-title":"Efficacy of valaciclovir in preventing herpes zoster in patients receiving anifrolumab","volume":"11","author":"Trefond","year":"2025","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3787","article-title":"Type I interferons in infectious disease","volume":"15","author":"McNab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2018.06.010","article-title":"Development of a standardized real time PCR for Torque teno viruses (TTV) viral load detection and quantification: a new tool for immune monitoring","volume":"105","author":"Kulifaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25488","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of molecular methods for the quantitative measure of torquetenovirus viremia, the new surrogate marker of immune competence","volume":"94","author":"Macera","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197_bb0245","first-page":"e61","article-title":"The interferon gene signature as a clinically relevant biomarker in autoimmune rheumatic disease, the lancet","volume":"4","author":"Cooles","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997226002119?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997226002119?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T03:54:04Z","timestamp":1793591644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997226002119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997226002119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Torque teno virus monitoring for precision immunosuppression in systemic autoimmune diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autoimmunity Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2026.104197","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104197"}}