{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T03:53:43Z","timestamp":1780631623390,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","annalsofvascularsurgery.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Vascular Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]],"date-time":"2018-07-25T04:18:49Z","timestamp":1532492329000},"page":"44-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Characterization and Natural History of Patients with Internal Carotid Occlusion: A Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Grace Carvajal","family":"Mulatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Puech-Le\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"De Luccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erasmo S.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2014.02.004","article-title":"Carotid artery atherosclerosis among 65-year-old Swedish men \u2013 a population-based screening Study","volume":"48","author":"H\u00f6gberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.14.6.898","article-title":"Internal carotid occlusion: a prospective study","volume":"14","author":"Cote","year":"1983","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.10.2084","article-title":"Symptomatic carotid artery occlusion. A reappraisal of hemodynamic factors","volume":"28","author":"Klijn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479e85","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(86)90384-8","article-title":"Carotid artery occlusion","volume":"4","author":"Nicholls","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.9.986","article-title":"Long-term prognosis after carotid artery occlusion","volume":"30","author":"Furlan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(93)90270-V","article-title":"Presentation and natural history of internal carotid artery occlusion","volume":"18","author":"Faught","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2000.106953","article-title":"Clinical outcome of patients with internal carotid artery occlusion: a prospective follow-up study","volume":"32","author":"Verlato","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-2109(98)00072-6","article-title":"Bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion: natural history and surgical alternatives","volume":"6","author":"AbuRahma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2012.03.010","article-title":"Natural history of carotid artery occlusion","volume":"27","author":"Bryan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(89)90221-8","article-title":"The risk of stroke with occlusion of the internal carotid artery","volume":"9","author":"Pierce","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1976.03260510028020","article-title":"Joint study of extracranial arterial occlusion. X. Internal carotid artery occlusion","volume":"235","author":"Fields","year":"1976","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1177\/000331970005101001","article-title":"Stroke: epidemiology, clinical picture, and risk factors\u2013Part I of III","volume":"51","author":"Tegos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1159\/000086800","article-title":"Outcome in patients with stroke associated with internal carotid artery occlusion","volume":"20","author":"Paciaroni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.03.010","article-title":"Natural history of carotid artery occlusion contralateral to carotid endarterectomy","volume":"44","author":"AbuRahma","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2226","article-title":"The interrelation between carotid, femoral and coronary artery disease","volume":"22","author":"Rothwell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319713494753","article-title":"Obesity is a risk factor for significant carotid atherosclerosis in patients aged 39 to 55 years","volume":"65","author":"da Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2017.04.041","article-title":"Carotid occlusion is associated with more frequent neurovascular events than moderately severe carotid stenosis","volume":"66","author":"Janko","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200006083422302","article-title":"The causes and risk of stroke in patients with asymptomatic internal-carotid-artery stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators","volume":"342","author":"Inzitari","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.12.002","article-title":"American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, American College of Cardiology. Meeting AHA\/ACC secondary prevention goals in a vascular surgery practice: an opportunity we cannot afford to miss","volume":"43","author":"Kinikini","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.09.001","article-title":"ACCF\/AHA focused update of the guideline for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (updating the 2005 guideline). A report of the American college of cardiology foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"2011","author":"Rooke","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2004.07.022","article-title":"Does the modern concept of \u201cbest medical therapy\u201d render carotid surgery obsolete?","volume":"28","author":"Naylor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108153250701","article-title":"Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis","volume":"325","author":"Barnett","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/00013644-200312000-00005","article-title":"Carotid artery stenosis: grayscale and Doppler ultrasound diagnosis\u2014Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound consensus conference","volume":"19","author":"Grant","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ultrasound Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E76","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.22983","article-title":"2011 ASA\/ACCF\/AHA\/AANN\/AANS\/ACR\/ASNR\/CNS\/SAIP\/SCAI\/SIR\/SNIS\/SVM\/SVS guideline on the management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease: executive summary","volume":"81","author":"Brott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.523035","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome clusters and the risk of incident stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study","volume":"40","author":"Rodriguez-Colon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.15.4.605","article-title":"The natural history of carotid arterial disease in asymptomatic patients with cervical bruits","volume":"15","author":"Roederer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.11.122","article-title":"Reporting standards for carotid interventions from the Society for vascular surgery","volume":"53","author":"Timaran","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000051383.75507.60","article-title":"Early carotid atherosclerosis and family history of vascular disease: specific effects on arterial sites have implications for genetic studies","volume":"23","author":"Jerrard-Dunne","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174526","volume":"113","author":"Hirsch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(96)00036-1","article-title":"ROC analysis of noninvasive tests for peripheral arterial disease","volume":"22","author":"Lijmer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(88)90081-X","volume":"8","author":"Baker","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.19.5.604","article-title":"Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients","volume":"19","author":"van Swieten","year":"1988","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.572883","article-title":"What is a minor stroke?","volume":"41","author":"Fischer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199811123392002","article-title":"Benefit of carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic moderate or severe stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators","volume":"339","author":"Barnett","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.07.031","article-title":"Updated Society for Vascular Surgery guidelines for management of extracranial carotid disease","volume":"54","author":"Ricotta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.07.021","article-title":"Asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis and cerebrovascular risk stratification","volume":"52","author":"Nicolaides","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2015(01)01","article-title":"Can contrast-enhanced ultrasound with second-generation contrast agents replace computed tomography angiography for distinguishing between occlusion and pseudo-occlusion of the internal carotid artery?","volume":"70","author":"Ventura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s100169910014","article-title":"The fate of a patent carotid artery contralateral to an occlusion","volume":"14","author":"Brengman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.18.6.1005","article-title":"Operative versus nonoperative management of asymptomatic high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis: improved results with endarterectomy","volume":"18","author":"Moneta","year":"1987","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.000348","article-title":"Risk of stroke from new carotid artery occlusion in the Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial-1","volume":"44","author":"den Hartog","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.488387","article-title":"Progression of carotid stenosis detected by duplex ultrasonography predicts adverse outcomes in cardiovascular high-risk patients","volume":"38","author":"Sabeti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/1708538115571404","article-title":"Analysis of risk factors and diseases associated with atherosclerosis in the progression of carotid artery stenosis","volume":"24","author":"Batagini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vascular"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2011.151","article-title":"Time to rethink management strategies in asymptomatic carotid artery disease","volume":"9","author":"Naylor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2013.03.021","article-title":"Contralateral carotid occlusion in endovascular and surgical carotid revascularization: a single centre experience with literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Faggioli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(92)90367-H","article-title":"Does contralateral internal carotid artery occlusion increase the risk of carotid endarterectomy?","volume":"16","author":"Perler","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2012.12.028","article-title":"Contralateral occlusion of the internal carotid artery increases the risk of patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy","volume":"57","author":"Antoniou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"}],"container-title":["Annals of Vascular Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890509618305053?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890509618305053?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T03:56:16Z","timestamp":1539057376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890509618305053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0890509618305053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-5096"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-5096","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Characterization and Natural History of Patients with Internal Carotid Occlusion: A Comparative Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Vascular Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avsg.2018.04.039","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}