{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T15:15:42Z","timestamp":1783350942747,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["annalsofvascularsurgery.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Vascular Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T11:36:20Z","timestamp":1777548980000},"page":"38-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Arterial and Venous Thrombotic Complications Following Recreational Nitrous Oxide Misuse: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7991-1645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Stephan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Zamperini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena-Mihaela","family":"Cordeanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12372","article-title":"Neurologic, psychiatric, and other medical manifestations of nitrous oxide abuse: a systematic review of the case literature","volume":"25","author":"Garakani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8040551","article-title":"Global burden related to nitrous oxide exposure in medical and recreational settings: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Oussalah","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev297","article-title":"The increasing recreational use of nitrous oxide: history revisited","volume":"116","author":"Randhawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8801-3","article-title":"No laughing matter: subacute degeneration of the spinal cord due to nitrous oxide inhalation","volume":"265","author":"Keddie","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib5","article-title":"SPECT findings on neuropsychiatric symptoms caused by nitrous oxide abuse","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-017-0990-3","article-title":"Nitrous oxide induced subacute combined degeneration with longitudinally extensive myelopathy with inverted V-sign on spinal MRI: a case report and literature review","volume":"17","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-022-02673-x","article-title":"Thromboembolic complications of recreational nitrous oxide (ab)use: a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"B\u00e4rmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2022.10.002","article-title":"Nitrous oxide abuse leading to extreme homocysteine levels and thrombosis in young adults: a case series","volume":"21","author":"Caris","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314747","article-title":"Mechanisms involved in the neurotoxicity and abuse liability of nitrous oxide: a narrative review","volume":"23","author":"Brunt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1160\/TH05-05-0313","article-title":"Homocysteine and thrombosis: from basic science to clinical evidence","volume":"94","author":"Undas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib11","article-title":"Case report of an acute myocardial infarction after high-dose recreational nitrous oxide use: a consequence of hyperhomocysteinaemia?","volume":"5","author":"Oomens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvscit.2018.01.001","article-title":"Aortic arch thrombus caused by nitrous oxide abuse","volume":"4","author":"den Uil","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)92499-0","article-title":"Megaloblastic haemopoiesis after multiple short-term exposure to nitrous oxide","volume":"1","author":"Nunn","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3732","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00178a033","article-title":"Nitrous oxide degradation by cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase: characterization of the reactants and products in the inactivation reaction","volume":"33","author":"Drummond","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12061191","article-title":"Vitamin B12 status in recreational users of nitrous oxide: a systematic review focusing on the prevalence of laboratory abnormalities","volume":"12","author":"M\u00e9n\u00e9trier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjno-2023-000619","article-title":"Recreational nitrous oxide and thrombotic events: a case series","volume":"6","author":"Patyjewicz","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Neurol Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib17","article-title":"Life-threatening thrombosis after large amounts of nitrous oxide use","volume":"29","author":"McMahon","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-025-04237-x","article-title":"Nitrous oxide abuse unmasking anti-phospholipid syndrome in a 24-year-old male with cerebral venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism: a case report","volume":"25","author":"Yoon","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2021.05.041","article-title":"Nitrous oxide abuse associated with severe thromboembolic complications","volume":"62","author":"Vollenbrock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-019-02010-9","article-title":"Venous thrombosis after nitrous oxide abuse, a case report","volume":"49","author":"Pratt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01961-4","article-title":"Isolated cortical vein thrombosis after nitrous oxide use in a young woman: a case report","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4057","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i23.4057","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis caused by nitrous oxide abuse: a case report","volume":"7","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib23","article-title":"Nitrous oxide use precipitates pulmonary embolism: a case report","volume":"16","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2022-0516","article-title":"Nitrous oxide misuse: a clue not to be missed in young patients with venous thromboembolism","volume":"23","author":"Er","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-024-00689-z","article-title":"Right iliac deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism associated with recreational nitrous oxide: a case report","volume":"17","author":"Bizouard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5058771","article-title":"Neurologic and thrombotic complications in the setting of chronic nitrous oxide abuse","volume":"2023","author":"Meier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Case Rep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70394","article-title":"Cerebral venous thrombosis and nitrous oxide intoxication: report of two cases and review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Doukhi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib28","article-title":"Nitrous oxide-induced cerebral venous thrombosis: a case report, potential mechanisms, and literature review","volume":"15","author":"Banjongjit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1159\/000518524","article-title":"Extensive cerebral venous thrombosis secondary to recreational nitrous oxide abuse","volume":"51","author":"Farhat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2018.12.003","article-title":"Recreational nitrous oxide abuse related subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord in adolescents - a case series and literature review","volume":"41","author":"Lan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib31","article-title":"Saddle pulmonary embolism secondary to nitrous oxide use: a case report and literature review","volume":"17","author":"Valladares","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib32","first-page":"374","article-title":"Just say N2O \u2013 nitrous oxide misuse: essential information for psychiatrists","volume":"25","author":"Winstock","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJPsych Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.08.016","article-title":"Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord following nitrous oxide anesthesia: a systematic review of cases","volume":"173","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026_bib34","article-title":"Review article: clinical manifestations and outcomes of chronic nitrous oxide misuse: a systematic review","volume":"437","author":"Savage","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"}],"container-title":["Annals of Vascular Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890509626002645?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890509626002645?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T14:35:50Z","timestamp":1783348550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890509626002645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0890509626002645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-5096"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-5096","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Arterial and Venous Thrombotic Complications Following Recreational Nitrous Oxide Misuse: A Comprehensive Review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Vascular Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.04.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}