{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T15:15:16Z","timestamp":1783350916163,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014895","name":"Southwest Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KeyME-2024-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KeyME-2024-07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014895","name":"Southwest Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82470430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82470430"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["annalsofvascularsurgery.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Vascular Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T23:35:02Z","timestamp":1779492902000},"page":"495-507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Integrated Multiomics Reveals Key Drivers and Immune Cell Phenotypes of Infrapopliteal Atherosclerosis and Calcification"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1020","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30255-4","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2015: an updated systematic review and analysis","volume":"7","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009724","article-title":"Determinants of long-term outcomes and costs in the management of critical limb ischemia: a population-based cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Mustapha","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/15266028221120752","article-title":"Vessel preparation in infrapopliteal arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Nugteren","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Endovasc Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2305637","article-title":"Drug-eluting resorbable scaffold versus angioplasty for infrapopliteal artery disease","volume":"390","author":"Varcoe","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00462-2","volume":"401","author":"Bradbury","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.241040","article-title":"Calcification as a natural arterial repair mechanism","volume":"313","author":"de Jong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1177\/1538574415607361","article-title":"Orbital atherectomy plaque modification assessment of the femoropopliteal artery via intravascular ultrasound (TRUTH study)","volume":"49","author":"Babaev","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vasc Endovascular Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(70)90790-3","article-title":"Significance of calcification of the coronary arteries","volume":"26","author":"Frink","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2017.06.086","article-title":"Association of arterial calcification with chronic limb ischemia in patients with peripheral artery disease","volume":"67","author":"Zettervall","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X20979738","article-title":"Association of infrapopliteal medial arterial calcification with lower-limb amputations in high-risk patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Losurdo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2023.07.052","article-title":"Medial arterial calcification score is associated with increased risk of major limb amputation","volume":"78","author":"DiBartolomeo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1177\/1526602820933880","article-title":"Infrapopliteal anatomic severity and delayed wound healing in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia in the era of the global limb anatomic staging system","volume":"27","author":"Hata","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endovasc Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.86.1.64","article-title":"Contribution of localized calcium deposits to dissection after angioplasty. An observational study using intravascular ultrasound","volume":"86","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-18-01056","article-title":"Intravascular lithotripsy for calcific coronary and peripheral artery stenoses","volume":"15","author":"Dini","year":"2019","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib15","article-title":"Association of lower extremity arterial calcification with amputation and mortality in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.11.003","article-title":"Mapping the transcriptome: realizing the full potential of spatial data analysis","volume":"186","author":"Zormpas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03634-9","article-title":"Exploring tissue architecture using spatial transcriptomics","volume":"596","author":"Rao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123181","article-title":"Landscape of multiple tissues' gene expression pattern associated with severe sepsis: genetic insights from Mendelian randomization and trans-omics analysis","volume":"358","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3487","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-024-07136-7","article-title":"Identification of genetic association between mitochondrial dysfunction and knee osteoarthritis through integrating multi-omics: a summary data-based mendelian randomization study","volume":"43","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1379516","article-title":"Mendelian randomization studies of lifestyle-related risk factors for stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1285106","article-title":"Exploring causal correlations between inflammatory cytokines and ankylosing spondylitis: a bidirectional mendelian-randomization study","volume":"14","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21246-9","article-title":"Inference and analysis of cell-cell communication using CellChat","volume":"12","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313591","article-title":"Immunity and inflammation in atherosclerosis","volume":"124","author":"Wolf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib24","first-page":"11922","article-title":"Roles of antibody against oxygenized low density lipoprotein in atherosclerosis: recent advances","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2018.45","article-title":"Interleukin-6: designing specific therapeutics for a complex cytokine","volume":"17","author":"Garbers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2020.02.016","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immunity in cardiovascular calcification","volume":"306","author":"Passos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9322","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239322","article-title":"Adaptive immune responses in human atherosclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3108","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113108","article-title":"The New Kid on the Block: HLA-C, a Key Regulator of Natural Killer Cells in Viral Immunity","volume":"10","author":"Vollmers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.02.011","article-title":"Behcet's disease--a contemporary review","volume":"32","author":"Mendes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2017.04.006","article-title":"Genetics and the causes of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"43","author":"Hanson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242015398","article-title":"Association of HLA-A\u221711:01, -A\u221724:02, and -B\u221718:01 with prostate cancer risk: a case-control study","volume":"24","author":"Manca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib32","first-page":"101","article-title":"The role of surface HLA-A,B,C molecules in tumour immunity","volume":"13","author":"Moller","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Surv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02877554","article-title":"Expression of HLA class I antigens in human tumors and their involvement in tumor growth","volume":"20","author":"Salerno","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ric Clin Lab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2013.06.017","article-title":"HLA-B27 and antigen presentation: at the crossroads between immune defense and autoimmunity","volume":"57","author":"Sorrentino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21062204","article-title":"Research models for studying vascular calcification","volume":"21","author":"Herrmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.312864","article-title":"Pathologic disparities between peripheral artery disease and coronary artery disease","volume":"40","author":"Narula","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.151469","article-title":"The Association of HLA-class I genes and the extent of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with psoriatic disease","volume":"43","author":"Eder","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.36341","article-title":"Empty conformers of HLA-B preferentially bind CD8 and regulate CD8+ T cell function","volume":"7","author":"Geng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16233","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707570104","article-title":"Skewed association of polyfunctional antigen-specific CD8 T cell populations with HLA-B genotype","volume":"104","author":"Harari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400348","article-title":"Antigen-specific naive CD8+ T cells produce a single pulse of IFN-Gamma in vivo within hours of infection, but without antiviral effect","volume":"193","author":"Hosking","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.2AB0420-646R","article-title":"Differential interferon-gamma production by naive and memory-like CD8 T cells","volume":"108","author":"de Araujo-Souza","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242569","article-title":"IL-17-producing gammadelta T cells and innate lymphoid cells","volume":"42","author":"Sutton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1755","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells differentially modulate effector CD8+ T cell subsets and exacerbate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"32","author":"Glenn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4353","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.66537","article-title":"IL-1beta in atherosclerotic vascular calcification: from bench to bedside","volume":"17","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib45","article-title":"A combination of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I overexpression and type I interferon induce mitochondrial dysfunction in human skeletal myoblasts","volume":"240","author":"Thoma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cel Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib46","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction: cause or consequence of vascular calcification?","volume":"9","author":"Phadwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cel Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-021-00828-1","article-title":"Mitochondria homeostasis and vascular medial calcification","volume":"109","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9030258","article-title":"From mitochondria to atherosclerosis: the inflammation path","volume":"9","author":"Suarez-Rivero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"}],"container-title":["Annals of Vascular Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089050962600381X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089050962600381X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T14:35:37Z","timestamp":1783348537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S089050962600381X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S089050962600381X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-5096"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-5096","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Integrated Multiomics Reveals Key Drivers and Immune Cell Phenotypes of Infrapopliteal Atherosclerosis and Calcification","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Vascular Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avsg.2026.05.073","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}