{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T01:01:19Z","timestamp":1792976479235,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Language"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,28]],"date-time":"2008-07-28T12:22:07Z","timestamp":1217247727000},"page":"83-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["A randomized, controlled study of computer-based intervention in middle school struggling readers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Barbara K.","family":"Given","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Wasserman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharmila A.","family":"Chari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Beattie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guinevere F.","family":"Eden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A cure for dyslexia? (2007) [Editorial]. Nature Neuroscience 10, 135.","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0207-135"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-934X(03)00157-3","article-title":"Effect of intensive training on auditory processing and reading skills","volume":"88","author":"Agnew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738040190100401","article-title":"Current status of treatments for dyslexia: Critical review","volume":"19","author":"Alexander","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Child Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib4","series-title":"Content reading and literacy: Succeeding in today\u2019s diverse classrooms","author":"Alvermann","year":"2004"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.6.858","article-title":"Developmental dyslexia and specific language impairment: Same or different?","volume":"130","author":"Bishop","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4206.1295","article-title":"Auditory temporal processing impairment: Neither necessary nor sufficient for causing language impairment in children","volume":"42","author":"Bishop","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/271746a0","article-title":"Difficulties in auditory organization as a possible cause of reading backwardness","volume":"271","author":"Bradley","year":"1978","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bringing neuroscience to the classroom. (2005) [Editorial]. Nature 435, 1138.","DOI":"10.1038\/4351138a"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(03)00164-1","article-title":"Is there a causal link from phonological awareness to success in learning to read?","volume":"91","author":"Castles","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3605.948","article-title":"The relationship between speech-language impairments and reading disabilities","volume":"36","author":"Catts","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2002\/093)","article-title":"A longitudinal investigation of reading outcomes in children with language impairments","volume":"45","author":"Catts","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib12","unstructured":"Cognitive Concepts, Inc. (1998). Earobics auditory development and phonics program: Step 2. Evanston, IL: Cognitive Concepts, Inc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2005\/049)","article-title":"Effects of computer-based intervention through acoustically modified speech (Fast ForWord) in severe mixed receptive-expressive language impairment: outcomes from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"48","author":"Cohen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib14","unstructured":"Computer Curriculum Corporation (1995). Training manual: Success Maker. Sunnyvale, CA: A Paramount Communications Company."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib15","first-page":"104","article-title":"The temporal processing deficit hypothesis in dyslexia: New experimental evidence","volume":"46","author":"De Martino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(74)80009-2","article-title":"Rapid automatized naming of pictured objects, colors, letters and numbers by normal children","volume":"10","author":"Denckla","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(76)90075-0","article-title":"Rapid automatized naming (R.A.N.): Dyslexia differentiated from other learning disabilities","volume":"14","author":"Denckla","year":"1976","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1375\/audi.26.2.94.58276","article-title":"Language and auditory processing changes following Fast ForWord","volume":"26","author":"Deppeler","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Audiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.10.019","article-title":"Neural changes following remediation in adult developmental dyslexia","volume":"44","author":"Eden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1038\/nn946","article-title":"The role of neuroscience in the remediation of students with dyslexia","volume":"5","author":"Eden","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03210983","article-title":"The evidence for a temporal processing deficit linked to dyslexia: A review","volume":"2","author":"Farmer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin and Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2001\/019)","article-title":"Case studies of children using Fast ForWord","volume":"10","author":"Friel-Patti","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/13158","article-title":"Brain development during childhood and adolescence: A longitudinal MRI study","volume":"2","author":"Giedd","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.3004.363","article-title":"Treatment for temporal processing deficits: Computer-assisted language intervention using Fast ForWord\u00ae: Theoretical and empirical considerations for clinical decision-making","volume":"30","author":"Gillam","year":"1999","journal-title":"Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2001\/021)","article-title":"Language change following computer-assisted language instruction with Fast ForWord or Laureate Learning Systems software","volume":"10","author":"Gillam","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib26","series-title":"Dyslexia: Different brain, different behavior","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phonology, learning to read and dyslexia: A cross-linguistic analysis","author":"Goswami","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01647","article-title":"Action video game modifies visual selective attention","volume":"423","author":"Green","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib28","first-page":"143","article-title":"Training dyslexics with acoustically modified speech: Evidence of improved phonological performance","volume":"40","author":"Habib","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/13682820210136278","article-title":"Phonological training in children with dyslexia using temporally modified speech: A three-step pilot investigation","volume":"37","author":"Habib","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(96)12393-4","article-title":"Deficit of temporal auditory processing in dyslexic adults","volume":"205","author":"Hari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-001-0006-1","article-title":"Efficacy of Fast ForWord training on facilitating acquisition of reading skills by children with reading difficulties: A longitudinal study","volume":"51","author":"Hook","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of Dyslexia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013828723016","article-title":"Observations on the temporal correlates of reading failure","volume":"15","author":"Klein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib33","first-page":"684","article-title":"Auditory neurophysiologic responses and discrimination deficits in children with learning problems","volume":"277","author":"Kraus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib34","series-title":"Technology assessment in education and training","article-title":"Meta-analytic studies of findings on computer-based instruction","author":"Kulik","year":"1994"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl262","article-title":"Individual differences in anatomy predict reading and oral language deficits","volume":"129","author":"Leonard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2002.tb00828.x","article-title":"Eta squared, partial Eta squared, and misreporting of effect size in communication research","volume":"28","author":"Levine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Human Communication Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0965(74)90101-5","article-title":"Explicit syllable and phoneme segmentation in the young child","volume":"18","author":"Liberman","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib38","unstructured":"Lindamood, C.H., & Lindamood, P.C. (1998). Lindamood phoneme sequencing program for reading, spelling, and speech (LIPS). Austin, TX: PRO-ED."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2001\/020)","article-title":"Language changes associated with Fast ForWord-Language: Evidence from case studies","volume":"10","author":"Loeb","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-003-0001-9","article-title":"A definition of dyslexia","volume":"53","author":"Lyon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of Dyslexia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2001\/023)","article-title":"Backward and simultaneous masking measured in children with language-learning impairments who received intervention with Fast ForWord or Laureate Learning Systems software","volume":"10","author":"Marler","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2001\/073)","article-title":"Rapid auditory processing and phonological ability in normal readers and readers with dyslexia","volume":"44","author":"Marshall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib43","series-title":"Theoretical models and processes of reading","first-page":"1131","article-title":"Model of attitude influence upon reading and learning to read","author":"Mathewson","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4004.912","article-title":"Effect of time and frequency manipulation of syllable perception in developmental dyslexics","volume":"40","author":"McAnally","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.200","article-title":"Auditory perceptual processing in people with reading and oral language impairments: Current issues and recommendations","volume":"7","author":"McArthur","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00674","article-title":"On the specifics of specific reading disability and specific language impairment","volume":"41","author":"McArthur","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/0938-8982.00023","article-title":"Predicting, explaining, and preventing children\u2019s teaching difficulties","volume":"16","author":"McCardle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Learning Disabilities Research and Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib48","series-title":"WJ-R technical manual","author":"McGrew","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5245.77","article-title":"Temporal processing deficits of language-learning impaired children ameliorated by training","volume":"271","author":"Merzenich","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021741921815","article-title":"Phonological basis in reading disability: A review and analysis of the evidence","volume":"16","author":"Mody","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1996.2343","article-title":"Speech perception deficits in poor readers: Auditory processing or phonological coding?","volume":"64","author":"Mody","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6483","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.11.6483","article-title":"Cortical auditory signal processing in poor readers","volume":"96","author":"Nagarajan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4204.925","article-title":"Do temporal processing deficits cause phonological processing problems?","volume":"42","author":"Nittrouer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(01)00339-2","article-title":"Spectrotemporal sensitivities in rat auditory cortical neurons","volume":"160","author":"Orduna","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib55","unstructured":"Otis, A.S. & Lennon, R.T. (1997). Otis\u2013Lennon school ability test: Seventh edition, multilevel fall norms. Boston: Harcourt Brace Educational Measurement."},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3200\/JOER.97.3.147-158","article-title":"Phonological awareness intervention: Comparison of Fast ForWord, Earobics, and LIPS","volume":"97","author":"Pokorni","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Educational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-01-00087.1993","article-title":"Plasticity in the frequency representation of primary auditory cortex following discrimination training in adult owl monkeys","volume":"13","author":"Recanzone","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4470(03)00046-9","article-title":"Auditory processing in dyslexia and specific language impairment: Is there a deficit? What is its nature? Does it explain anything?","volume":"31","author":"Rosen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Phonetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econedurev.2003.10.005","article-title":"Putting computerized instruction to the test: A randomized evaluation of a \u2018\u2018scientifically based\u2019\u2019 reading program","volume":"23","author":"Rouse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Economics of Education Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1207\/s15548430jlr3403_3","article-title":"Toward a common terminology for talking about speech and reading: A glossary of the \u2018phon\u2019 words and some related terms","volume":"34","author":"Scarborough","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Literacy Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib61","unstructured":"Scientific Learning Corporation, Inc., Berkeley, CA; Scientific Learning Corporation. http:\/\/www.scilearn.com\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib62","series-title":"Clinical evaluation of language fundamentals","author":"Semel","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532799xssr0301_4","article-title":"Comprehension and decoding: Patterns of association in children with reading difficulties","volume":"3","author":"Shankweiler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scientific Studies of Reading"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0965(86)90006-8","article-title":"Segmentation and speech perception in relation to reading skill: A developmental analysis","volume":"41","author":"Snowling","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1080\/00220973.1993.10806594","article-title":"Evaluating results using corrected and uncorrected effect size estimates","volume":"61","author":"Snyder","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03210986","article-title":"Auditory temporal perception deficits in the reading-impaired: A critical review of the evidence","volume":"2","author":"Studdert-Kennedy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013812219382","article-title":"Deficits in phoneme awareness do not arise from failures in rapid auditory processing","volume":"15","author":"Studdert-Kennedy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib68","series-title":"The encyclopedia of educational media communications and technology","first-page":"107","article-title":"Computer-assisted instruction","author":"Suppes","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib69","unstructured":"Tallal, P. (2000a). Experimental studies of language learning impairments: From research to remediation. Santa Fe Institute Working Paper, NM."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib70","series-title":"Speech and language impairments in children: Causes, characteristics, intervention and outcome","first-page":"131","article-title":"Experimental studies of language learning impairments: From research to remediation","author":"Tallal","year":"2000"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1499","article-title":"Improving language and literacy is a matter of time","volume":"5","author":"Tallal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Review Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb22957.x","article-title":"Neurobiological basis of speech: A case for the preeminence of temporal processing","volume":"682","author":"Tallal","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5245.81","article-title":"Language comprehension in language learning impaired children improved with acoustically modified speech","volume":"271","author":"Tallal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(73)90025-0","article-title":"Developmental aphasia: Impaired rate of non-verbal processing as a function of sensory modality","volume":"11","author":"Tallal","year":"1973","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(74)90030-X","article-title":"Developmental aphasia: Rate of auditory processing and selective impairment of consonant perception","volume":"12","author":"Tallal","year":"1974","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(85)90087-2","article-title":"Identification of language-impaired children on the basis of rapid perception and production skills","volume":"25","author":"Tallal","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0030098100","article-title":"Neural deficits in children with dyslexia ameliorated by behavioral remediation: Evidence from functional MRI","volume":"100","author":"Temple","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13907","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.240461697","article-title":"Disruption of the neural response to rapid acoustic stimuli in dyslexia: Evidence from functional MRI","volume":"97","author":"Temple","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib79","unstructured":"Thorndike, R.L., & Hagen, E.P. (1993). Cognitive abilities test, Form 5. Itasca, IL: Riverside Publishing."},{"issue":"Fall","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.2307\/1510350","article-title":"Identifying phonological coding problems in disabled readers: Naming, counting, or span measures?","volume":"13","author":"Torgesen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Learning Disability Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-476X(02)00045-0","article-title":"A close look at the efficacy of Fast ForWord Language for children with academic weaknesses","volume":"28","author":"Troia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Contemporary Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib82","first-page":"23","article-title":"Fast ForWord Language intervention program: Four case studies","volume":"13","author":"Turner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Texas Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.103.1.183-196","article-title":"Effect of an auditory training program on reading, phoneme awareness, and language","volume":"103","author":"Valentine","year":"2006","journal-title":"Perceptual and Motor Skills"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0021-9630.2003.00305.x","article-title":"Specific reading disability (dyslexia): What have we learned in the past four decades?","volume":"45","author":"Vellutino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00264","article-title":"Processing of rapid auditory stimuli in school-age children referred for evaluation of learning disorders","volume":"72","author":"Waber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.101.2.192","article-title":"The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills","volume":"101","author":"Wagner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.85.1.83","article-title":"Development of young readers\u2019 phonological processing abilities","volume":"85","author":"Wagner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.33.3.468","article-title":"Changing relations between phonological processing abilities and word-level reading as children develop from beginning to skilled readers: A 5-year longitudinal study","volume":"33","author":"Wagner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib89","series-title":"Wechsler intelligence scale for children\u2014Third Edition","author":"Wechsler","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib90","unstructured":"Whitehurst, G.J. (2003). Identifying and implementing educational practices supported by rigorous evidence: A user friendly guide. US Department of Education, Institute of Educational Sciences. Retrieved January 14, 2004, from <http:\/\/www.excelgov.org\/index.php?keyword=a4339244022e52>."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib91","unstructured":"Wilkinson, G.S. (1993a). Wide range achievement test-3rd ed. Wilmington, DE: Jastak Associates, Inc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib92","series-title":"Wide range achievement test administration manual","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib93","unstructured":"Wolf, M., & Denckla, M.B. (2005). Rapid automatized naming and rapid alternating stimulus test. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001_bib94","unstructured":"Woodcock, R.W., & Johnson, M.B. (1989\/1990). Woodcock-Johnson psycho-educational battery Revised. Itasca, IL: Riverside Publishing."}],"container-title":["Brain and Language"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0093934X07002957?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0093934X07002957?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T12:58:57Z","timestamp":1758805137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0093934X07002957"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0093934X07002957"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0093-934X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0093-934X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A randomized, controlled study of computer-based intervention in middle school struggling readers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain and Language","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}