{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T20:55:27Z","timestamp":1790369727985,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Language"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,16]],"date-time":"2008-04-16T09:29:30Z","timestamp":1208338170000},"page":"107-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Motor programming in apraxia of speech"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Edwin","family":"Maas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald A.","family":"Robin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirrie J.","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib1","unstructured":"Austermann Hula, S. N., Robin, D. A., Maas, E., Ballard, K. J., & Schmidt, R. A. (in press). Effects of feedback frequency and timing on acquisition, retention, and transfer of speech skills in acquired apraxia of speech. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1080\/02687030050156575","article-title":"Understanding the nature of apraxia of speech: Theory, analysis, and treatment","volume":"14","author":"Ballard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aphasiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1080\/02687030601047858","article-title":"Treating control of voicing in apraxia of speech with variable practice","volume":"21","author":"Ballard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aphasiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3200\/JMBR.39.1.19-28","article-title":"Influence of continual biofeedback on jaw pursuit tracking in healthy adults and adults with apraxia plus aphasia","volume":"39","author":"Ballard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Motor Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/729254889","article-title":"An integrative model of speech motor control: A response to Ziegler","volume":"17","author":"Ballard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aphasiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(89)90013-4","article-title":"Response preparation and latency in patterns of tapping movements","volume":"8","author":"Canic","year":"1989","journal-title":"Human Movement Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1080\/02687039808249567","article-title":"Generalized motor programme and parameterization accuracy in apraxia of speech and conduction aphasia","volume":"12","author":"Clark","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aphasiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290701290146","article-title":"Comparison of a single case to a control or normative sample in neuropsychology: Development of a Bayesian approach","volume":"24","author":"Crawford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1076\/clin.12.4.482.7241","article-title":"Comparing an individual\u2019s test score against norms derived from small samples","volume":"12","author":"Crawford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropsychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib10","series-title":"Apraxia Battery for Adults-2","author":"Dabul","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1006\/jpho.2001.0163","article-title":"Speech motor programming in apraxia of speech","volume":"30","author":"Deger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Phonetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib12","series-title":"Motor speech disorders: Substrates, differential diagnosis, and management","author":"Duffy","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1080\/02687030701192000","article-title":"As far as individuals with conduction aphasia understood these sentences were ungrammatical: Garden path in conduction aphasia","volume":"21","author":"Friedmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aphasiologym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib14","series-title":"Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination","author":"Goodglass","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.2.1092","article-title":"Dorsal premotor cortex and conditional movement selection: A PET functional mapping study","volume":"79","author":"Grafton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1162\/089892904323057344","article-title":"Motor sequence complexity and performing hand produce differential patterns of hemispheric localization","volume":"16","author":"Haaland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/113.1.207","article-title":"Premotor cortex and conditional motor learning in man","volume":"113","author":"Halsband","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh172","article-title":"Re-examining the brain regions crucial for orchestrating speech articulation","volume":"127","author":"Hillis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.27.2.423","article-title":"Motor programming during practice conditions high and low in contextual interference","volume":"27","author":"Immink","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70924-9","article-title":"Reaction time and movement times in individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury with good motor recovery","volume":"40","author":"Incoccia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib21","series-title":"Boston Naming Test","author":"Kaplan","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib22","series-title":"Psycholinguistic assessment of language processing in aphasia","author":"Kay","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1995.9941696","article-title":"On the modularity of sequence representation","volume":"27","author":"Keele","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Motor Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2602.231","article-title":"Acoustic patterns of apraxia of speech","volume":"26","author":"Kent","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib25","series-title":"Western Aphasia Battery","author":"Kertesz","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.21.5.1015","article-title":"Motor response programming during simple and choice reaction time: The role of practice","volume":"21","author":"Klapp","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/00222890309602129","article-title":"Reaction time analysis of two types of motor preparation for speech articulation: Action as a sequence of chunks","volume":"35","author":"Klapp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Motor Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1985.10735350","article-title":"Influence of practice schedule on testing Schema Theory predictions in adults","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Motor Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X99001776","article-title":"A theory of lexical access in speech production","volume":"22","author":"Levelt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1080\/027249800390628","article-title":"An assessment of the attention demands during random- and blocked-practice schedules","volume":"53A","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib31","unstructured":"Magnuson, C. E., Wright, D. L., & Robin, D. A. (in press). Sequencing multiple elements of the same duration: Detailing the INT process in Klapp\u2019s two-process account of motor programming. Journal of Motor Behavior."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib32","series-title":"Clinical management of sensorimotor speech disorders","first-page":"311","article-title":"Apraxia of speech: Definition, differentiation, and treatment","author":"McNeil","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3302.255","article-title":"Oral structure nonspeech motor control in normal, dysarthric, aphasic and apraxic speakers: Isometric force and static position control","volume":"33","author":"McNeil","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2004.10.008","article-title":"Learning and production of movement sequences: Behavioral, neurophysiological, and modeling perspectives","volume":"23","author":"Rhodes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Human Movement Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1080\/026870399401885","article-title":"Planning speech one syllable at a time: The reduced buffer capacity hypothesis in apraxia of speech","volume":"13","author":"Rogers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aphasiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.10.005","article-title":"The emergence of rhythm during motor learning","volume":"8","author":"Sakai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2005.01.008","article-title":"Speech motor programming in hypokinetic and ataxic dysarthria","volume":"94","author":"Spencer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617704106061","article-title":"Indices of slowness of information processing in head injury patients: Tests for selective attention related to ERP latencies","volume":"10","author":"Spikman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib39","series-title":"Information processing in motor control and learning","first-page":"117","article-title":"The latency and duration of rapid movement sequences: Comparisons of speech and typewriting","author":"Sternberg","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/110.5.1393","article-title":"Electropalatographic analysis of apraxia of speech in a left hander and in a right hander","volume":"110","author":"Sugishita","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib41","first-page":"1621","article-title":"Impaired imitation of meaningless gestures in ideomotor apraxia: A conceptual problem not a disorder of action control?","volume":"45","author":"Sunderland","year":"2007","journal-title":"A single case investigation. Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib42","series-title":"Clinical management of sensorimotor speech disorders","first-page":"1","article-title":"A theoretical framework for the characterization of pathological speech sensorimotor control","author":"Van der Merwe","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib43","first-page":"39","article-title":"What is the underlying impairment in acquired apraxia of speech?","volume":"15","author":"Varley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aphasiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib44","first-page":"127","article-title":"Apraxia of speech as a disruption of word-level schemata: Some durational evidence","volume":"7","author":"Varley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib45","first-page":"xv","article-title":"Treatment guidelines for acquired apraxia of speech: A synthesis and evaluation of the evidence","volume":"14","author":"Wambaugh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Speech Language Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3200\/JMBR.36.1.39-50","article-title":"Long-term motor programming improvements occur via concatenating movement sequences during random but not blocked practice","volume":"36","author":"Wright","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Motor Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/729254892","article-title":"Speech motor control is task-specific. Evidence from dysarthria and apraxia of speech","volume":"17","author":"Ziegler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aphasiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/729255218","article-title":"To speak or not to speak: Distinctions between speech and nonspeech motor control. A reply to Ballard, Robin, & Folkins","volume":"17","author":"Ziegler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aphasiology"}],"container-title":["Brain and Language"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0093934X08000412?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0093934X08000412?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T07:14:49Z","timestamp":1557472489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0093934X08000412"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0093934X08000412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bandl.2008.03.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0093-934X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0093-934X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}}}