{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:52:00Z","timestamp":1790697120724,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain and Language"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,28]],"date-time":"2012-01-28T20:56:27Z","timestamp":1327784187000},"page":"217-225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Covert reading of letters in a case of global alexia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Volpato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Bencini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Meneghello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamberto","family":"Piron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Semenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0005","first-page":"235","article-title":"A cognitive approach to the assessment of limb apraxia: A new test battery","volume":"35","author":"Bartolo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Giornale Italiano di Psicologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(01)00209-3","article-title":"Visually- and motor-based knowledge of letters: Evidence from a pure alexic patient","volume":"40","author":"Bartolomeo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5365.902","article-title":"Modular organization of cognitive systems masked by interhemispheric integration","volume":"8","author":"Baynes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(98)00005-0","article-title":"Visual complexity in letter-by-letter reading: \u201cPure\u201d alexia is not pure","volume":"36","author":"Behrmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0025","series-title":"Judgment of line orientation","author":"Benton","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.6.1807","article-title":"The topography of callosal reading pathways. A case-control analysis","volume":"115","author":"Binder","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03210580","article-title":"An upper- and lower-case alphabetic similarity matrix, with derived generation similarity values","volume":"21","author":"Boles","year":"1989","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1080\/026432996381917","article-title":"Fast and specific access to orthographic knowledge in a case of letter-by-letter surface alexia","volume":"13","author":"Bowers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0275","first-page":"1901","volume":"122","author":"Brunswick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Explicit and implicit processing of words and pseudowords by adult developmental dyslexics: A search for Wernicke\u2019s Wortschatz? Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(94)90072-8","article-title":"Right temporal compensatory mechanisms in a deep dysphasic patient: A case report with activation study by SPECT","volume":"32","author":"Cardebat","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70766-4","article-title":"Optic aphasia with pure alexia: A mild form of visual associative agnosia? A case study","volume":"34","author":"Chanoine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0055","first-page":"480","article-title":"Reading numbers in pure alexia: Effects of the task and hemispheric specialization","volume":"151","author":"Cohen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Revue Neurologique"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.9.1641","article-title":"Competition between past and present assessment and interpretation of verbal perseverations","volume":"121","author":"Cohen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.12.049","article-title":"Specialization within the ventral stream: The case for the visual word form area","volume":"22","author":"Cohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.2.291","article-title":"The visual word form area: Spatial and temporal characterization of an initial stage of reading in normal subjects and posterior split-brain patients","volume":"123","author":"Cohen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.04.018","article-title":"The pathophysiology of letter-by-letter reading","volume":"42","author":"Cohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf094","article-title":"Language-specific tuning of visual cortex? Functional properties of the Visual Word Form Area","volume":"125","author":"Cohen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg079","article-title":"Visual word recognition in the left and right hemispheres: Anatomical and functional correlates of peripheral alexias","volume":"13","author":"Cohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0090","series-title":"Deep dyslexia","article-title":"Deep dyslexia: A right hemisphere hypothesis","author":"Coltheart","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0095","series-title":"Chronometric studies of the rotation of mental images","author":"Cooper","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1006\/brln.1994.1012","article-title":"Reading with the right hemisphere: Evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"46","author":"Coslett","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.2.327","article-title":"Evidence for preserved reading in \u2018pure alexia\u2019","volume":"112","author":"Coslett","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(92)90026-B","article-title":"Optic aphasia and the right hemisphere: A replication and extension","volume":"43","author":"Coslett","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0110","series-title":"The neuropsychology of high-level vision","article-title":"Mechanism of implicit reading in pure alexia","author":"Coslett","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0120","series-title":"Right hemisphere language comprehension","article-title":"Reading and the right hemisphere: Evidence from acquired alexia","author":"Coslett","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1076\/clin.12.4.482.7241","article-title":"Comparing an individual\u2019s test score against norms. Derived from small samples","volume":"12","author":"Crawford","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Clinical Neuropsychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e3282f1c6fa","article-title":"Recovery and treatment of aphasia after stroke: Functional imaging studies","volume":"20","author":"Crinion","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.05.004","article-title":"The neural code for written words: A proposal","volume":"9","author":"Dehaene","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1038\/89551","article-title":"Cerebral mechanisms of word masking and unconscious repetition priming","volume":"4","author":"Dehaene","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0150","first-page":"61","article-title":"Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude anatomo-pathologque des diff\u00e8rentes vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de c\u00e9cit\u00e9 verbale","volume":"4","author":"Dejerine","year":"1892","journal-title":"Comptes endues de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Biologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2008.05.003","article-title":"Pure alexia as a disconnection syndrome: New diffusion imaging evidence for an old concept","volume":"44","author":"Epelbaum","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80833-8","article-title":"Effects of lexicality, frequency, and spelling-to-sound consistency on the functional anatomy of reading","volume":"24","author":"Fiez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290600665778","article-title":"Letter identification processes in reading: Distractor interference reveals an automatically engaged, domain-specific mechanism","volume":"23","author":"Finkbeiner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1162\/089892999563490","article-title":"The neural circuitry involved in the reading of German words and pseudowords: A PET study","volume":"11","author":"Hagoort","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.04.007","article-title":"Brain activation during letter-by-letter reading: A follow-up study","volume":"43","author":"Henry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1997)5:2<84::AID-HBM2>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Regional cerebral blood flow during word and nonword reading","volume":"5","author":"Herbster","year":"1997","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0170","unstructured":"Huber, W., Poeck, K., Weniger, D. & Willmes, K. (1983). AAT \u2013 Aachener Aphasie Test. Hogrefe."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0175","first-page":"209","article-title":"Dissociazioni semantiche intercategoriali: Descrizioni di una batteria standardizzata e dati normativi","volume":"54","author":"Laiacona","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archivio di Psicologia, Neurologia e Psichiatria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.04.001","article-title":"Right hemisphere reading mechanisms in a global alexic patient","volume":"42","author":"Larsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(94)90031-0","article-title":"A dissociation between addition and subtraction with written calculation","volume":"32","author":"McNeil","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/026432998381267","article-title":"Varieties of pure alexia: The case of failure to access graphemic representations","volume":"15","author":"Miozzo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0195","unstructured":"Mondini, S., Mapelli, D., Vestri, A., Bisiacchi, P. S. (2003). Esame Neuropsicologico Breve. Una batteria di test per lo screening neuropsicologico. Raffaello Cortina Editore."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0911-6044(01)00003-3","article-title":"Preserved access to abstract letter identities despite abolished letter naming in a case of pure alexia","volume":"15","author":"Mycroft","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Neurolinguistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0205","first-page":"477","article-title":"Tre test clinici di ricerca e produzione lessicale. Taratura su soggetti normali","volume":"47","author":"Novelli","year":"1986","journal-title":"Archivio di Psicologia, Neurologia e Psichiatria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(96)80017-7","article-title":"Perseveration in two aphasic patients","volume":"32","author":"Papagno","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/14640748208400852","article-title":"Letter-by-letter reading: Psychological descriptions of a neurological syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Patterson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.1.39","article-title":"Reading with one hemisphere","volume":"112","author":"Patterson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1006\/brln.1996.0055","article-title":"Letter dyslexia in a letter-by-letter reader","volume":"53","author":"Perri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1999.0441","article-title":"Functional specialization for semantic and phonological processing in the left inferior prefrontal cortex","volume":"10","author":"Poldrack","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.131.1.65","article-title":"Functional MRI evidence for an abstract, not perceptual, word-form area","volume":"131","author":"Polk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1037\/h0024913","article-title":"Chronometric analysis of classification","volume":"74","author":"Posner","year":"1967","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1996.0005","article-title":"The effect of varying stimulus rate and duration on brain activity during reading","volume":"3","author":"Price","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.4.1221","article-title":"Cerebral organization of component processes in reading","volume":"119","author":"Pugh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0240","series-title":"Guide to using the coloured progressive matrices sets A, AB, B","author":"Raven","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0245","unstructured":"Riddoch, M. J., Humphreys, G. W. (1993). Birmingham object recognition battery. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0315","first-page":"739","article-title":"Phonological and orthographic components of word recognition","volume":"120","author":"Rumsey","year":"1997","journal-title":"A PET-rCBF study. Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/026432998381249","article-title":"Implicit vs letter-by-letter reading in pure alexia: A tale of two systems","volume":"15","author":"Saffran","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/12.3.297","article-title":"Brain mechanisms for reading words and pseudowords: an integrated approach","volume":"12","author":"Simos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0255","first-page":"1","article-title":"Standardizzazione taratura italiana dei test neuropsicologici","volume":"8","author":"Spinnler","year":"1987","journal-title":"The Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0260","unstructured":"Wechsler, D. (1998). Adult Intelligence Scale Revised (WAIS-R). Firenze, Italy: Organizzazioni Speciali."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410370605","article-title":"Recovery from Wernicke\u2019s aphasia: A positron emission tomographic study","volume":"37","author":"Weiller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0270","series-title":"Developments in the assessment and rehabilitation of brain-damaged patients","article-title":"Diagnosis of attentional deficits: Theoretical considerations and presentation of a test battery","author":"Zimmermann","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0968","article-title":"Dissociating a common working memory network from different neural substrates of phonological and spatial stimulus processing","volume":"15","author":"Zurowski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"}],"container-title":["Brain and Language"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0093934X11002100?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0093934X11002100?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]],"date-time":"2018-11-26T15:58:25Z","timestamp":1543247905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0093934X11002100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0093934X11002100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.12.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0093-934X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0093-934X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}}}