{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T12:17:33Z","timestamp":1778933853155,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022-01018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-01018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-02397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-02397"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-00356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-00356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002565","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Drug Discovery Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201809-2016862"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201809-2016862"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002565","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["860197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["860197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000833","name":"Rosetrees Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000833","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013342","name":"NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013342","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007436","name":"Erling Persson Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007436","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010815","name":"Foundation for Old Maids","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010815","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"Horizon Europe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007417","name":"The Paulo Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017510","name":"UK Dementia Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000297","name":"Royal College of Surgeons of England","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007639","name":"Maire Taponen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007639","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007083","name":"Orion Research Fundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021720","name":"Olav Thon Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021720","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["60063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["60063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11129"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013278","name":"EU Joint Programme \u2013 Neurodegenerative Disease Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007625","name":"Cure Alzheimer&apos;s Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008723","name":"Finnish Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008599","name":"Alzheimerfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-0243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-0243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008599","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008599","name":"Alzheimerfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022-0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-0006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008599","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008599","name":"Alzheimerfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-930351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-930351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008599","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008599","name":"Alzheimerfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-939721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-939721"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008599","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008599","name":"Alzheimerfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-968270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-968270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008599","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008599","name":"Alzheimerfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-0243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-0243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008599","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008599","name":"Alzheimerfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#ALZ2022-0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#ALZ2022-0006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008599","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZEN-21-848495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZEN-21-848495"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SG-23-1038904 QC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SG-23-1038904 QC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003792","name":"Brain Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#FO2022-0270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#FO2022-0270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Spine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T21:21:29Z","timestamp":1738272089000},"page":"104195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Blood biomarkers to identify patients with different intracranial lesion combinations after traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9227-146X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia","family":"Koivikko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ari J.","family":"Katila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6342-0043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riikka SK.","family":"Takala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4836-1158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iftakher","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7329-3284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teemu M.","family":"Luoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Koivisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olli","family":"Tenovuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaj","family":"Blennow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2796-1835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henna-Riikka","family":"Maanp\u00e4\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6851-7511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehrbod","family":"Mohammadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6044-9035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia F.","family":"Newcombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Charles","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6425-5254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jussi","family":"Tallus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"van Gils","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3930-4354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5925-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jussi P.","family":"Posti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib1","first-page":"1255","article-title":"High serum S100B levels for trauma patients without head injuries","volume":"48","author":"Anderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30231-X","article-title":"Serum GFAP and UCH-L1 for prediction of absence of intracranial injuries on head CT (ALERT-TBI): a multicentre observational study","volume":"17","author":"Bazarian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.101.4.1371","article-title":"The distribution of tau in the mammalian central nervous system","volume":"101","author":"Binder","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102785","article-title":"Blood biomarkers on admission in acute traumatic brain injury: relations to severity, CT findings and care path in the CENTER-TBI study","volume":"56","author":"Czeiter","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib5","article-title":"Head injury: triage, assessment, investigation and early management of head injury in children, young people and adults","volume":"81","author":"Eades","year":"2014","journal-title":"NICE Clin Guidel"},{"issue":"JUN","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00244","article-title":"Role of interleukin-10 in acute brain injuries","volume":"8","author":"Garcia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5694","article-title":"Age-related differences in diagnostic accuracy of plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and tau for identifying acute intracranial trauma on computed tomography: a TRACK-TBI study","volume":"35","author":"Gardner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006270","article-title":"Trafficking and proteolytic processing of APP","volume":"2","author":"Haass","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5721","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01558","article-title":"Tau phosphorylation in neuronal cell function and dysfunction","volume":"117","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0120","article-title":"Outlier analysis for acute blood biomarkers of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"41","author":"Korhonen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175572","article-title":"H-FABP: a new biomarker to differentiate between CT-positive and CT-negative patients with mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"12","author":"Lagerstedt","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193278","article-title":"Early measurement of interleukin-10 predicts the absence of CT scan lesions in mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"13","author":"Lagerstedt","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.0033","article-title":"Prognostic value of computerized tomography scan characteristics in traumatic brain injury: results from the IMPACT study","volume":"24","author":"Maas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"August","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70164-9","article-title":"Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults","volume":"7","author":"Maas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac126","article-title":"Post-acute blood biomarkers and disease progression in traumatic brain injury","volume":"145","author":"Newcombe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib16","article-title":"An ELISA for glial fibrillary acidic protein","volume":"287","author":"Petzold","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001226","article-title":"The levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 during the First week after a traumatic brain injury: correlations with clinical and imaging findings","volume":"79","author":"Posti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6254","article-title":"Correlation of blood biomarkers and biomarker panels with traumatic findings on computed tomography after traumatic brain injury","volume":"36","author":"Posti","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000533","article-title":"Predicting outcome in traumatic brain injury: development of a novel computerized tomography classification system (Helsinki Computerized Tomography Score)","volume":"75","author":"Raj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Serum biomarkers identify critically ill traumatic brain injury patients for MRI","author":"Richter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.01.012","article-title":"Pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers and traumatic brain injury outcomes: a review","volume":"110","author":"Rodney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.0655","article-title":"Comparing plasma phospho tau, total tau, and phospho tau\u2013total tau ratio as acute and chronic traumatic brain injury biomarkers","volume":"74","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib23","first-page":"111","article-title":"Evidence based emergency medicine; Part 5 receiver operating curve and area under the curve","volume":"4","author":"Safari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg (Tehran, Iran)"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0207","article-title":"Late blood levels of neurofilament light correlate with outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury","volume":"41","author":"Tuure","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690500089381","article-title":"Serum S100B levels in patients with epidural haematomas","volume":"19","author":"Und\u00e9n","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-50","article-title":"Scandinavian guidelines for initial management of minimal, mild and moderate head injuries in adults: an evidence and consensus-based update","volume":"11","author":"Und\u00e9n","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-023-05797-y","article-title":"Early surgery versus conservative treatment in patients with traumatic intracerebral hematoma: a CENTER-TBI study","volume":"165","author":"van Erp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00166-1","article-title":"Surgery versus conservative treatment for traumatic acute subdural haematoma: a prospective, multicentre, observational, comparative effectiveness study","volume":"21","author":"van Essen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6710","article-title":"Prognostic validation of the ninds common data elements for the radiologic reporting of acute traumatic brain injuries: a CENTER-TBI study","volume":"37","author":"Vande","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103777","article-title":"Relationship of admission blood proteomic biomarkers levels to lesion type and lesion burden in traumatic brain injury: a CENTER-TBI study","volume":"75","author":"Whitehouse","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1998.15.573","article-title":"Structured interviews for the glasgow outcome scale and the extended glasgow outcome scale: guidelines for their use","volume":"15","author":"Wilson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7527","article-title":"A manual for the glasgow outcome scale-extended interview","volume":"38","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3202","article-title":"Analysis of s100 calcium binding protein b serum levels in different types of traumatic intracranial lesions","volume":"32","author":"Wolf","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0725-z","article-title":"Release of brain-type and heart-type fatty acid-binding proteins in serum after acute ischaemic stroke","volume":"252","author":"Wunderlich","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.177667","article-title":"Neurofilament light chain levels in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid following acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"82","author":"Zanier","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Brain and Spine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772529425000141?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772529425000141?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T12:01:33Z","timestamp":1778932893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772529425000141"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S2772529425000141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-5294"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-5294","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Blood biomarkers to identify patients with different intracranial lesion combinations after traumatic brain injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain and Spine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104195","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of EUROSPINE, the Spine Society of Europe, EANS, the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104195"}}