{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T21:07:32Z","timestamp":1776805652817,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Spine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T19:30:56Z","timestamp":1740425456000},"page":"104222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The effect of a transforaminal epidural injection in patients with lumbar disc herniation is not correlated with the presence of type II modic changes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"E.J.A.","family":"Verheijen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.R.E.","family":"van der Vlist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.C.","family":"Bartels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.B.H.A.M.","family":"van Haagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.L.A.","family":"Vleggeert-Lankamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.05.014","article-title":"Modic changes, possible causes and relation to low back pain","volume":"70","author":"Albert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidural steroids","volume":"10","author":"Collighan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cont. Educ. Anaesth. Crit. Care Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-014-2048-6","article-title":"Particulate versus non-particulate steroids for lumbar transforaminal or interlaminar epidural steroid injections: an update","volume":"44","author":"Dietrich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06108-9","article-title":"Disc inflammation and Modic changes show an interaction effect on recovery after surgery for lumbar disc herniation","volume":"28","author":"Djuric","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-4955-4","article-title":"Issls PRIZE in basic science 2017: intervertebral disc\/bone marrow cross-talk with Modic changes","volume":"26","author":"Dudli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5291-4","article-title":"Inflammatory response of disc cells against Propionibacterium acnes depends on the presence of lumbar Modic changes","volume":"27","author":"Dudli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2022.100287","article-title":"CD90-positive stromal cells associate with inflammatory and fibrotic changes in modic changes","volume":"4","author":"Dudli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00908.x","article-title":"The efficacy of transforaminal injection of steroids for the treatment of lumbar radicular pain","volume":"11","author":"Ghahreman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1237","article-title":"Modic type 2 changes are fibroinflammatory changes with complement system involvement adjacent to degenerated vertebral endplates","volume":"6","author":"Heggli","year":"2023","journal-title":"JOR Spine."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34347","article-title":"A systematic review of the global prevalence of low back pain","volume":"64","author":"Hoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib11","series-title":"Designing Clinical Research : an Epidemiologic Approach","author":"Hulley","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1990.tb03097.x","article-title":"Local corticosteroid application blocks transmission in normal nociceptive C-fibres","volume":"34","author":"Johansson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.09.016","article-title":"The value of short-term pain relief in predicting the one-month outcome of lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections","volume":"96","author":"Joswig","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5537","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/258737a0","article-title":"Corticosteroids inhibit prostaglandin production by rheumatiod synovia","volume":"258","author":"Kantrowitz","year":"1975","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318183a4a2","article-title":"Sciatica: review of epidemiological studies and prevalence estimates","volume":"33","author":"Konstantinou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2566-3","article-title":"MR-based outcome predictors of lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection for lumbar radiculopathy caused by herniated intervertebral disc","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.10.046","article-title":"Epidural steroid therapy for back and leg pain: mechanisms of action and efficacy","volume":"5","author":"McLain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.166.1.3336678","article-title":"Degenerative disk disease: assessment of changes in vertebral body marrow with MR imaging","volume":"166","author":"Modic","year":"1988","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815e3a10","article-title":"Interpreting change scores for pain and functional status in low back pain: towards international consensus regarding minimal important change","volume":"33","author":"Ostelo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2014.06.008","article-title":"Are Modic changes related to outcomes in lumbar disc herniation patients treated with imaging-guided lumbar nerve root blocks?","volume":"83","author":"Peterson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem238","article-title":"Sciatica: a review of history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and the role of epidural steroid injection in management","volume":"99","author":"Stafford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.06.025","article-title":"Modic changes - an evidence-based, narrative review on its patho-physiology, clinical significance and role in chronic low back pain","volume":"11","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222_bib23","series-title":"Atlas of Common Pain Syndromes","first-page":"324","article-title":"84 - spinal stenosis","author":"Waldman","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Brain and Spine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772529425000414?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772529425000414?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T16:55:08Z","timestamp":1772470508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772529425000414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["S2772529425000414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-5294"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-5294","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of a transforaminal epidural injection in patients with lumbar disc herniation is not correlated with the presence of type II modic changes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain and Spine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bas.2025.104222","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of EUROSPINE, the Spine Society of Europe, EANS, the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104222"}}