{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T10:31:59Z","timestamp":1793961119799,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Spine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T16:19:42Z","timestamp":1767802782000},"page":"105936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cortical structural variations and scoliosis risk: insights from a large-scale Mendelian randomization analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Hanjun","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zonglong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4788-6094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qunqiang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E93","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001708","article-title":"Impact of living with scoliosis: a utility outcome score assessment","volume":"42","author":"Aldebeyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"7571","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393","article-title":"A global reference for human genetic variation","volume":"526","author":"Auton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07452-z","article-title":"The role of pineal gland volume in the development of scoliosis","volume":"32","author":"Bat\u0131n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab300","article-title":"Plasticity in the developing brain: neurophysiological basis for lesion-induced motor reorganization","volume":"4","author":"Batschelett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2017.07.022","article-title":"The proprioceptive system masterminds spinal alignment: insight into the mechanism of scoliosis","volume":"42","author":"Blecher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1346","article-title":"Meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization: a review","volume":"10","author":"Bowden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Synth. Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","article-title":"Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression","volume":"44","author":"Bowden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","article-title":"Consistent estimation in Mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator","volume":"40","author":"Bowden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.03.045","article-title":"Anatomy and white matter connections of the middle frontal gyrus","volume":"150","author":"Briggs","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0276-5","article-title":"Interpreting findings from Mendelian randomization using the MR-Egger method","volume":"32","author":"Burgess","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.56","article-title":"Dual tasking and working memory in alcoholism: relation to frontocerebellar circuitry","volume":"35","author":"Chanraud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-022-01038-5","article-title":"Understanding the assumptions underlying Mendelian randomization","volume":"30","author":"de Leeuw","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.11669","article-title":"Screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force","volume":"319","author":"Dunn","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-017-1515-y","article-title":"Specific properties of the SI and SII somatosensory areas and their effects on motor control: a system neurophysiological study","volume":"223","author":"Friedrich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6522","article-title":"Detecting pleiotropy in Mendelian randomisation studies with summary data and a continuous outcome","volume":"34","author":"Greco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.02.043","article-title":"The sport expert's attention superiority on skill-related scene dynamic by the activation of left medial frontal gyrus: an ERP and LORETA study","volume":"379","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.3.170051","article-title":"Treatment strategies for early-onset scoliosis","volume":"3","author":"Helenius","year":"2018","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77616-8","article-title":"Auditory cues reveal intended movement information in middle frontal gyrus neuronal ensemble activity of a person with tetraplegia","volume":"11","author":"Hosman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1782","article-title":"The corticospinal tract from the viewpoint of brain rehabilitation","volume":"46","author":"Jang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.06.042","article-title":"Diminished motor imagery capability in adults with motor impairment: an fMRI mental rotation study","volume":"334","author":"Kashuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib21","article-title":"Factors influencing of quality of life in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"62","author":"Kaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Musculoskelet. Sci. Pract."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2017.14.4.452","article-title":"Balance deficit and brain connectivity in children with attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity disorder","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2022-112149","article-title":"How to interpret studies using Mendelian randomisation","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Evid Based Med"},{"issue":"7952","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05837-8","article-title":"FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population","volume":"615","author":"Kurki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850903104161","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis may not be associated with brain abnormalities","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21321","article-title":"MR analysis of regional brain volume in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: neurological manifestation of a systemic disease","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib27","article-title":"Cortical grey matter volume differences in children with developmental coordination disorder compared to typically developing children","volume":"18","author":"Malik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25400","article-title":"A guide to understanding Mendelian randomization studies","volume":"76","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292864","article-title":"Experimental protocol to investigate cortical, muscular and body representation alterations in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"18","author":"Paramento","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e111","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000002300","article-title":"Is the integration problem in the sensoriomotor system the cause of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?","volume":"43","author":"Payas","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a040501","article-title":"Mendelian randomization: concepts and scope","volume":"12","author":"Richmond","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-021-00092-5","article-title":"Mendelian randomization","volume":"2","author":"Sanderson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Methods Primers"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1577","article-title":"Volume-based morphometry of brain MR images in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and healthy control subjects","volume":"30","author":"Shi","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00826-4","article-title":"An expanded set of genome-wide association studies of brain imaging phenotypes in UK Biobank","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B1.18058","article-title":"Pineal gland metabolism in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"89","author":"Suh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2006.7.3.162","article-title":"Structural brain abnormalities in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy patients: volumetry and voxel-based morphometry","volume":"7","author":"Tae","year":"2006","journal-title":"Korean J. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2018.00051","article-title":"Common methods for performing Mendelian randomization","volume":"5","author":"Teumer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2022.06.008","article-title":"Quantitative comparison of corticospinal tracts arising from different cortical areas in humans","volume":"183","author":"Usuda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00526","article-title":"Hostile attribution bias mediates the relationship between structural variations in the left middle frontal gyrus and trait angry rumination","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5634","article-title":"Altered white matter microstructure in the corpus callosum and its cerebral interhemispheric tracts in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: diffusion tensor imaging analysis","volume":"39","author":"Xue","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.11.033","article-title":"Causal effect of systemic lupus erythematosus on psychiatric disorders: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"347","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2019.0929","article-title":"Gait characteristics and brain activity in Parkinson's disease with concomitant postural abnormalities","volume":"11","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis."}],"container-title":["Brain and Spine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772529426000123?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772529426000123?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T10:23:09Z","timestamp":1793960589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772529426000123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S2772529426000123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-5294"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-5294","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cortical structural variations and scoliosis risk: insights from a large-scale Mendelian randomization analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain and Spine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bas.2026.105936","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of EANS, the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies, EUROSPINE, the Spine Society of Europe.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105936"}}