{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:54:09Z","timestamp":1791453249279,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":119,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Spine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T15:00:29Z","timestamp":1777734029000},"page":"106073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Incidence, risk factors, clinical and cognitive impact of secondary hemorrhage after spontaneous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2562-7227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera","family":"Marschal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7065-9319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Ziebart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Abdoullahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Werkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kapapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1042-9006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Rosskopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"Marschal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Rainer","family":"Wirtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Pala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9018-2458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor","family":"Durner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e519","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.581975","article-title":"Cognitive and functional outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"41","author":"Al-Khindi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.12.JNS14931","article-title":"Aneurysm diameter as a risk factor for pretreatment rebleeding: a meta-analysis","volume":"122","author":"Boogaarts","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.07.003","article-title":"Ventriculostomy-related hemorrhage after treatment of acutely ruptured aneurysms: the influence of anticoagulation and antiplatelet treatment","volume":"84","author":"Bruder","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.09.070","article-title":"Results of surgical treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in a single institution over 12 years","volume":"180","author":"Budohoski","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-018-0999-0","article-title":"Ventriculostomy-related hemorrhage in patients on antiplatelet therapy for endovascular treatment of acutely ruptured intracranial aneurysms. A meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Cagnazzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.226","article-title":"Genetic risk factors for spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage","volume":"12","author":"Carpenter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.9.JNS182105","article-title":"Secondary hemorrhagic complications in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: when the impact hits hard","volume":"132","author":"Darkwah Oppong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-011-0231-x","article-title":"External ventricular drainage for intraventricular hemorrhage","volume":"12","author":"Dey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-011-9605-9","article-title":"Critical care management of patients following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: recommendations from the neurocritical care society's multidisciplinary consensus conference","volume":"15","author":"Diringer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurocritical Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-011-0948-x","article-title":"Pipeline embolization device (PED) for neurovascular reconstruction: initial experience in the treatment of 101 intracranial aneurysms and dissections","volume":"54","author":"Fischer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.2174\/15672026113109990027","article-title":"Early cerebral infarction following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: frequency, risk factors, patterns, and prognosis","volume":"10","author":"Fu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovascular Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105027","article-title":"Severe cognitive impairment in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: predictors and relationship to functional outcome","volume":"29","author":"Geraghty","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1968.28.1.0014","article-title":"Surgical risk as related to time of intervention in the repair of intracranial aneurysms","volume":"28","author":"Hunt","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.495747","article-title":"Predictors of rehemorrhage after treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: the cerebral aneurysm rerupture after treatment (CARAT) study","volume":"39","author":"Johnston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198809000-00010","article-title":"Postoperative hemorrhage: a survey of 4992 intracranial procedures","volume":"23","author":"Kalfas","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1570007","article-title":"Outcome after In-Hospital rebleeding of rupture of intracranial aneurysms","volume":"77","author":"Kienzler","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Surg. Cent. Eur. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.oa.2013-0178","article-title":"Hemorrhage rates associated with two methods of ventriculostomy: external ventricular drainage vs. ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure","volume":"54","author":"Ko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol. Med.-Chir."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.9.JNS10445","article-title":"Risk of ventriculostomy-related hemorrhage in patients with acutely ruptured aneurysms treated using stent-assisted coiling","volume":"114","author":"Kung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-023-02120-2","article-title":"Antiplatelet therapy in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14175","article-title":"Effect of antiplatelet therapy on the incidence, prognosis, and rebleeding of intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib21","series-title":"Proceedings of the 8th European Congress of Neurosurgery Barcelona, September 6\u201311, 1987","first-page":"81","article-title":"Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage investigated by means of transcranial doppler ultrasound","author":"Lindegaard","year":"1988"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.1.JNS122368","article-title":"Editorial: Subarachnoid hemorrhage and outcome","volume":"119","author":"Macdonald","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.12.036","article-title":"Freehand frontal external ventricular drain (EVD) placement: Accuracy and complications","volume":"97","author":"Maher Hulou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016298831074","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of perioperative antiplatelet therapy","volume":"13","author":"Merritt","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Thrombolysis"},{"issue":"9488","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67214-5","volume":"366","author":"Molyneux","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03479-x","article-title":"Validity of the modified rankin scale in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized study","volume":"24","author":"Nobels-Janssen","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.5.1176","article-title":"Incidence and significance of early aneurysmal rebleeding before neurosurgical or neurological management","volume":"32","author":"Ohkuma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.12.001","article-title":"The neurosurgeon's Dilemma-Do antiplatelet\/anticoagulant medications increase the risk of catheter-associated hemorrhage in external ventricular drain placement?","volume":"182","author":"Olexa","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-03988-0","article-title":"WEB-only treatment of ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a retrospective analysis of 47 aneurysms","volume":"161","author":"Ozpeynirci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10092209","article-title":"Ruptured intracranial aneurysms: factors affecting the rate and outcome of endovascular treatment complications in a series of 782 patients (CLARITY study)","volume":"256","author":"Pierot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2020.1787338","article-title":"Increased risk of ventriculostomy-associated hemorrhage in patients treated with antiplatelet agents for stent-assisted coiling of ruptured intracranial aneurysms","volume":"35","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib33","first-page":"1652","article-title":"Shape modification is common in woven EndoBridge-Treated intracranial aneurysms: a longitudinal quantitative analysis study","volume":"41","author":"Rosskopf","year":"2020","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1030-7","article-title":"Intracerebral hemorrhage after external ventricular drain placement: an evaluation of risk factors for post-procedural hemorrhagic complications","volume":"18","author":"Rowe","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.4103\/ni.ni_622_21","article-title":"Incidence of rebleed following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage in poor grade subarachnoid hemorrhage: an institutional experience","volume":"72","author":"Sawarkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol. India"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2014.915006","article-title":"Ventriculostomy associated haemorrhage: a complication of anti-platelet therapy during coiling","volume":"28","author":"Sims-Williams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(97)00342-X","article-title":"Acute hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"49","author":"Suarez-Rivera","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2024.1403668","article-title":"Bleeding complications related to external ventricular drainage placement in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a single-center study","volume":"11","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.01.074","article-title":"Rebleeding from ruptured intracranial aneurysms in North Eastern province of Japan. A cooperative study","volume":"258","author":"Tanno","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1583","article-title":"Placement of covered stents for the treatment of direct carotid cavernous fistulas","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-7378-4-8","article-title":"Brain edema formation correlates with perfusion deficit during the first six hours after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats","volume":"4","author":"Westermaier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Transl. Stroke Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1488","article-title":"Clinical and angiographic Follow-up of ruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with endovascular embolization","volume":"30","author":"Willinsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000157596.13234.95","article-title":"Reliability of the modified rankin scale across multiple raters","volume":"36","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12363","article-title":"MoCA-assessed cognitive function and excellent outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage at 1 year","volume":"21","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-03978-2","article-title":"The importance of aspirin, catheterization accuracy, and catheter design in external ventricular drainage-related hemorrhage: a multicenter study of 1002 procedures","volume":"161","author":"Woo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319717700503","article-title":"Current treatment strategies for intracranial aneurysms: an overview","volume":"69","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873241232823","article-title":"Case fatality and functional outcome after spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of time trends and regional variations in population-based studies","volume":"9","author":"Ziebart","year":"2024","journal-title":"Euro. Stroke J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073_bib48","first-page":"985","article-title":"Report of world Federation of neurological surgeons committee on a universal subarachnoid hemorrhage grading scale","volume":"68","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."}],"container-title":["Brain and Spine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772529426001499?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772529426001499?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:30:47Z","timestamp":1791451847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772529426001499"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S2772529426001499"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-5294"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-5294","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Incidence, risk factors, clinical and cognitive impact of secondary hemorrhage after spontaneous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain and Spine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106073","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of EANS, the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies, EUROSPINE, the Spine Society of Europe.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106073"}}