{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:56:11Z","timestamp":1791453371687,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":228,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain and Spine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T06:33:37Z","timestamp":1787034817000},"page":"106654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Outcomes of Microsurgical, Endovascular, Multimodal, and Radiosurgical Management of Spinal Intramedullary Arteriovenous Malformations: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3311-8091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Badr","family":"Hafiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9849-4006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thamer","family":"Alsharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"Okal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1380-631X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faisal","family":"Sukkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6961-8122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yazeed","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamair","family":"Albakri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7925-5959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid","family":"Bajunaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3053-7912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saleh","family":"Baeesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.07.043","article-title":"Spinal vascular malformations: treatment and outcomes","volume":"130","author":"Akgun","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vascular malformations of spinal cord","volume":"40","author":"Bergstrand","year":"1964","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.1.SPINE08355","article-title":"Spinal glomus-type arteriovenous malformations: microsurgical treatment in 20 cases","volume":"10","author":"Bostr\u00f6m","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.ra.2015-0327","article-title":"Surgical and endovascular treatment for spinal arteriovenous malformations","volume":"56","author":"Endo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol. Med.-Chir."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-016-0713-z","article-title":"Spinal vascular malformations: treatment strategies and outcome","volume":"40","author":"Flores","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib6","article-title":"Surgical treatment of vascular intramedullary spinal cord lesions","volume":"10","author":"Ghobrial","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318276b5d3","article-title":"Spinal glomus (Type II) arteriovenous malformations: a pooled analysis of hemorrhage risk and results of intervention","volume":"72","author":"Gross","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2003.99.1.0034","article-title":"Focal fractionated radiotherapy for intramedullary spinal arteriovenous malformations: 10-year experience","volume":"99","author":"Hida","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.12.005","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for intramedullary spinal arteriovenous malformations","volume":"29","author":"Kalani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7312","article-title":"Spinal vascular shunts: a patterned approach","volume":"42","author":"Kona","year":"2021","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-009-0204-6","article-title":"Endovascular management of spinal vascular malformations","volume":"33","author":"Krings","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006087","article-title":"Clinical features and outcomes of spinal cord arteriovenous malformations","volume":"45","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint14030047","article-title":"Spinal vascular shunts: single-center series and review of literature of their classification","volume":"14","author":"Lizana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib14","first-page":"31","article-title":"Optimising the value of Critical Appraisal skills programme (CASP) tool for quality appraisal in qualitative evidence synthesis","volume":"1","author":"Long","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res. Methods Med. Health Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.4.JNS232552","article-title":"The natural course, treatment outcomes and long-term prognosis of cervical spinal cord arteriovenous shunts","volume":"141","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.02.040","article-title":"Recurrence rates following treatment of spinal vascular malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"173","author":"Mamaril-Davis","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.06.015","article-title":"The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2) showed low inter-rater reliability and challenges in its application","volume":"126","author":"Minozzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib18","article-title":"Stereotactic radiotherapy for intramedullary spinal arteriovenous malformations","volume":"10","author":"Mori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.934475","article-title":"Editorial: review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analysis and updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines","volume":"27","author":"Parums","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.02.025","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery results in three cases of intramedullary spinal cord arteriovenous malformations","volume":"14","author":"Potharaju","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E14","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.7.FOCUS14236","article-title":"Contemporary management of spinal AVFs and AVMs: lessons learned from 110 cases","volume":"37","author":"Rangel-Castilla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-016-0758-z","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery as a feasible treatment for intramedullary spinal arteriovenous malformations: a single-center observation","volume":"40","author":"Rashad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.67.6.0795","article-title":"Spinal arteriovenous malformations: comparison of dural arteriovenous fistulas and intradural AVMs in 81 patients","volume":"67","author":"Rosenblum","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"2 Suppl. l","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib24","first-page":"145","article-title":"Modified classification of spinal cord vascular lesions","volume":"96","author":"Spetzler","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib25","first-page":"e1041","article-title":"CyberKnife radiosurgery for spinal intramedullary arteriovenous malformations: a single-center experience","volume":"173","author":"Suzuki","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.ra.2016-0316","article-title":"Spinal arteriovenous shunts: angioarchitecture and historical changes in classification","volume":"57","author":"Takai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Med.-Chir."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1177\/15910199000060S133","article-title":"Treatment of intramedullary arteriovenous malformations of spinal cord","volume":"6","author":"Ushikoshi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Intervent Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.3.SPINE11982","article-title":"Microsurgical management of glomus spinal arteriovenous malformations: pial resection technique","volume":"16","author":"Velat","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318256c042","article-title":"Multimodality treatment of conus medullaris arteriovenous malformations: 2 decades of experience with combined endovascular and microsurgical treatments","volume":"71","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(88)90244-1","article-title":"Conventional radiation therapy in management of arteriovenous malformations of central nervous system","volume":"15","author":"Wolkov","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab237","article-title":"The efficacy and deficiency of contemporary treatment for spinal cord arteriovenous shunts","volume":"144","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.12.014","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated radiotherapy for spinal arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review of literature","volume":"62","author":"Zhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Brain and Spine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772529426007307?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772529426007307?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:45:39Z","timestamp":1791452739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772529426007307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S2772529426007307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-5294"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-5294","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Outcomes of Microsurgical, Endovascular, Multimodal, and Radiosurgical Management of Spinal Intramedullary Arteriovenous Malformations: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain and Spine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bas.2026.106654","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of EANS, the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies, EUROSPINE, the Spine Society of Europe.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106654"}}