{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T02:56:54Z","timestamp":1789873014997,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003448","name":"General Secretariat for Research and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003448","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013209","name":"Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013209","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T13:29:15Z","timestamp":1757338155000},"page":"159686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hypertriglyceridemia impairs HDL functionality, promotes macrophage metabolic activation and exacerbates antigen-induced rheumatoid arthritis in mice which can be reversed by fenofibrate treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1870","author":[{"given":"Isidoros","family":"Axiotis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asimina","family":"Kakale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Despina","family":"Lazaridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia-Georgia","family":"Dedemadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angeliki","family":"Chroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Multescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anca Violeta","family":"Gafencu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Tzardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitris","family":"Kardassis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice","volume":"42","author":"Visseren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v5.i3.304","article-title":"Inflammation, lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: a qualitative relationship?","volume":"5","author":"Garcia-Gomez","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310645","article-title":"The sizes and composition of HDL-cholesterol are significantly associated with inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"24","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2017.05.009","article-title":"High triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol lipid profile in rheumatoid arthritis: a potential link among inflammation, oxidative status, and dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein","volume":"11","author":"Rodriguez-Carrio","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0025","article-title":"ApoCIII: a multifaceted protein in cardiometabolic disease","volume":"113","author":"D\u2019Erasmo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism: clinical and experimental"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116066","article-title":"Mechanism of hypertriglyceridemia in human apolipoprotein (apo) CIII transgenic mice. Diminished very low density lipoprotein fractional catabolic rate associated with increased apo CIII and reduced apo E on the particles","volume":"90","author":"Aalto-Setala","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02601-7","article-title":"ApoCIII enrichment in HDL impairs HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity","volume":"7","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2001.19452","article-title":"Lipoprotein distribution of apolipoprotein C-III and its relationship to the presence in plasma of triglyceride-rich remnant lipoproteins","volume":"50","author":"Marcoux","year":"2001","journal-title":"Metab. Clin. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37424-1","article-title":"Plasma lipoprotein distribution of apoC-III in normolipidemic and hypertriglyceridemic subjects: comparison of the apoC-III to apoE ratio in different lipoprotein fractions","volume":"38","author":"Fredenrich","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-020-01293-9","article-title":"Apolipoprotein CIII predicts cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease: a prospective observational study","volume":"19","author":"Katzmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0548-1","article-title":"Apolipoprotein C3 induces inflammation and organ damage by alternative inflammasome activation","volume":"21","author":"Zewinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0060","first-page":"4123","article-title":"Apolipoprotein C-III itself stimulates the Syk\/cPLA2-induced inflammasome activation of macrophage to boost anti-tumor activity of CD8(+) T cell, cancer immunology","volume":"72","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33423","article-title":"Treatment of arthritis by macrophage depletion and immunomodulation: testing an apoptosis-mediated therapy in a humanized death receptor mouse model","volume":"64","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-1865-3","article-title":"Inhibition of hexokinases holds potential as treatment strategy for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"21","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02228","article-title":"Sinomenine inhibits the progression of rheumatoid arthritis by regulating the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and monocyte\/macrophage subsets","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219179","article-title":"A lineage of myeloid cells independent of Myb and hematopoietic stem cells","volume":"336","author":"Schulz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103132","article-title":"NCF4 regulates antigen presentation of cysteine peptides by intracellular oxidative response and restricts activation of autoreactive and arthritogenic T cells","volume":"72","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau8587","article-title":"HBEGF(+) macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis induce fibroblast invasiveness","volume":"11","author":"Kuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212647","article-title":"Hypermetabolic macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis and coronary artery disease due to glycogen synthase kinase 3b inactivation","volume":"77","author":"Zeisbrich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0100","first-page":"67","article-title":"Disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis increases serum levels of apolipoprotein C-III","volume":"41","author":"Martin-Gonzalez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.17305\/bb.2022.8534","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory role of fenofibrate in treating diseases","volume":"23","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules & biomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)39176-8","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemic mice transgenic for the human apolipoprotein C-III gene are neither insulin resistant nor hyperinsulinemic","volume":"35","author":"Reaven","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200314","article-title":"Antigen-induced arthritis in mice. I. Induction of arthritis in various strains of mice","volume":"20","author":"Brackertz","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1139\/Y10-065","article-title":"Influence of small doses of various drug vehicles on acetaminophen-induced liver injury","volume":"88","author":"Kelava","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3109\/00365517609055259","article-title":"Precipitation of plasma lipoproteins by PEG-6000 and its evaluation with electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation","volume":"36","author":"Vikari","year":"1976","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M066613","article-title":"The effects of apolipoprotein B depletion on HDL subspecies composition and function","volume":"57","author":"Davidson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.141532","article-title":"Impaired Antiatherogenic functions of high-density lipoprotein in patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"42","author":"Gkolfinopoulou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)31582-0","article-title":"A cell-free assay for detecting HDL that is dysfunctional in preventing the formation of or inactivating oxidized phospholipids","volume":"42","author":"Navab","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5298.391","article-title":"A mouse model with features of familial combined hyperlipidemia","volume":"275","author":"Masucci-Magoulas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15183899","article-title":"The role of lipids in the regulation of immune responses","volume":"15","author":"Garcia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0155","article-title":"Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.2217\/14796678.2.3.315","article-title":"Inflammatory effects of very low-density lipoprotein and fatty acids","volume":"2","author":"Ares","year":"2006","journal-title":"Future Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.02.059","article-title":"Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol, small dense LDL cholesterol, and incident cardiovascular disease","volume":"75","author":"Duran","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21976","article-title":"Proinflammatory high-density lipoprotein as a biomarker for atherosclerosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"54","author":"McMahon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24802","article-title":"Abnormal function of high-density lipoprotein is associated with poor disease control and an altered protein cargo in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"60","author":"Charles-Schoeman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.765749","article-title":"Improvements in high-density lipoprotein quantity and quality contribute to the cardiovascular benefits by anti-tumor necrosis factor therapies in rheumatoid arthritis: a systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4676","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402870","article-title":"High-density lipoprotein attenuates Th1 and th17 autoimmune responses by modulating dendritic cell maturation and function","volume":"194","author":"Tiniakou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2002.10719248","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases","volume":"21","author":"Simopoulos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-012-2613-z","article-title":"The effects of fenofibrate on inflammation and cardiovascular markers in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Shirinsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X12468659","article-title":"Fibrates as therapy for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis? A systematic review","volume":"5","author":"van Eekeren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Musculoskelet. Dis."}],"container-title":["Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388198125000940?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1388198125000940?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T05:21:21Z","timestamp":1760073681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1388198125000940"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1388198125000940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686","relation":{},"ISSN":["1388-1981"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1388-1981","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hypertriglyceridemia impairs HDL functionality, promotes macrophage metabolic activation and exacerbates antigen-induced rheumatoid arthritis in mice which can be reversed by fenofibrate treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbalip.2025.159686","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"159686"}}