{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T19:23:06Z","timestamp":1789845786623,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,7]],"date-time":"2008-02-07T07:22:43Z","timestamp":1202368963000},"page":"614-625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Latitudinal variation of immune defense and sickness behavior in the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Noah T.","family":"Owen-Ashley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Hasselquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"R\u00e5berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Wingfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1139\/z00-190","article-title":"Effects of experimental food restriction and body-mass changes on the avian T-cell-mediated immune response","volume":"79","author":"Alonso-Alvarez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3454(08)60363-0","article-title":"Stress and immune defense","volume":"27","author":"Apanius","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv. Stud. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-7590.2007.04939.x","article-title":"The ability to mount multiple immune responses simultaneously varies across the range of the tree swallow","volume":"30","author":"Ardia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.60.2.30158643","article-title":"Changes in plasma levels of sex steroids in relation to multiple broodness and nest site density in male starlings","volume":"60","author":"Ball","year":"1987","journal-title":"Physiol. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-10-1-92","article-title":"The immune-hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis","volume":"10","author":"Bateman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2307\/1368821","article-title":"Scarcity of haematozoa in birds breeding on the arctic tundras of North America","volume":"94","author":"Bennett","year":"1992","journal-title":"Condor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0418","article-title":"Melatonin, immunity and cost of reproductive state in male European starlings","volume":"265","author":"Bentley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-17-1-64","article-title":"Immune-neuro-endocrine interactions: facts and hypothesis","volume":"17","author":"Besedovsky","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2001.1915","article-title":"Short day lengths attenuate the symptoms of infection in Siberian hamsters","volume":"269","author":"Bilbo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib10","first-page":"R596","article-title":"Immune function in deer mice: developmental and photoperiodic effects","volume":"267","author":"Blom","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib11","series-title":"Earth\u2019s Rotation from Eons to Days","author":"Brosche","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib12","article-title":"White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys)","volume":"Vol. 183","author":"Chilton","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.09.006","article-title":"Twenty years of research on cytokine-induced sickness behavior","volume":"21","author":"Dantzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2003.11.002","article-title":"The energetics of immunity: a neuroendocrine link between energy balance and immune function","volume":"45","author":"Demas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/074873098129000084","article-title":"Exogenous melatonin enhances cellular, but not humoral immune function in adult male deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)","volume":"13","author":"Demas","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Rhythms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s003600050161","article-title":"Short-day enhancement of immune function is not mediated by gonadal steroid hormones in adult deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)","volume":"168","author":"Demas","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.3.1059","article-title":"Enhancing versus suppressive effects of stress hormones on skin immune function","volume":"96","author":"Dhabhar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0731062","article-title":"Environment\u2013immune interactions","volume":"73","author":"Dietert","year":"1994","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1999.1054","article-title":"Specific and non-specific defense against parasitic attack","volume":"202","author":"Frank","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib20","first-page":"507","article-title":"Changes in the chicken bursa of Fabricius and immune response after treatment with melatonin","volume":"6","author":"Giannessi","year":"1992","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0570246","article-title":"Suppression of phytohemagglutinin skin response in thymectomized chickens","volume":"57","author":"Goto","year":"1978","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.36.102003.152622","article-title":"Evolutionary causes and consequences of immunopathology","volume":"36","author":"Graham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1139\/z75-211","article-title":"Distribution of the avian hematozoa of North America","volume":"53","author":"Grenier","year":"1975","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020141","article-title":"Ecology drives the worldwide distribution of human diseases","volume":"2","author":"Guernier","year":"2004","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/35.3.259","article-title":"Endocrine bases of spatial and temporal opportunism in arctic-breeding birds","volume":"35","author":"Hahn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2678","article-title":"Cost of immunity: immune responsiveness reduces survival in a vertebrate","volume":"271","author":"Hanssen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(88)80004-6","article-title":"Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals","volume":"12","author":"Hart","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063699","article-title":"Climate warming and disease risk for terrestrial and marine biota","volume":"296","author":"Harvell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-007-0201-x","article-title":"Comparative immunoecology in birds: hypotheses and tests","volume":"148","author":"Hasselquist","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ornithol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s002650050550","article-title":"Is avian humoral immunocompetence suppressed by testosterone?","volume":"45","author":"Hasselquist","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.beheco.a000384","article-title":"Humoral immunocompetence correlates with date of egg-laying and reflects work load in female tree swallows","volume":"12","author":"Hasselquist","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.2002.7776","article-title":"Effect of polar day on plasma profiles of melatonin, testosterone, and estradiol in high-arctic Lapland longspurs","volume":"126","author":"Hau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1053","article-title":"Experimentally activated immune defense in female pied flycatchers results in reduced breeding success","volume":"267","author":"Ilmonen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.2307\/1365665","article-title":"The relationship of fat deposition to Zugunruhe and migration","volume":"65","author":"King","year":"1963","journal-title":"Condor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib35","first-page":"961","article-title":"The costs of immunity","volume":"50","author":"Klasing","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Zool. Sinica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.2307\/4087240","article-title":"Unrepeatable repeatabilities: a common mistake","volume":"104","author":"Lessells","year":"1987","journal-title":"Auk"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2752","article-title":"Immunological investments reflect parasite abundance in island populations of Darwin\u2019s finches","volume":"271","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2000.880110.x","article-title":"Trade-offs in evolutionary immunology. Just what is the cost of immunity?","volume":"88","author":"Lochmiller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib39","first-page":"289","article-title":"Melatonin in relation with the immune system","author":"Maestroni","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2006.01094.x","article-title":"Phytohemagglutinin-induced skin swelling in birds: histological support for a classic immunoecological technique","volume":"20","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1139\/z05-062","article-title":"Trade-offs between molt and immune activity in two populations of house sparrows (Passer domesticus)","volume":"83","author":"Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-005-0314-y","article-title":"Investment in immune defense is linked to pace of life in house sparrows","volume":"147","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1890\/03-0365","article-title":"Immune activity in temperate and tropical house sparrows: a common-garden experiment","volume":"85","author":"Martin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.4.2071","article-title":"Does clutch size evolve in response to parasites and immunocompetence?","volume":"98","author":"Martin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02015","article-title":"Variation in the innate and acquired arms of the immune system among five shorebird species","volume":"209","author":"Mendes","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.2000.7496","article-title":"Effects of lighting conditions and melatonin supplementation on the cellular and humoral immune responses in Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica","volume":"119","author":"Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00612603","article-title":"Biochronometry of testicular regression in white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii)","volume":"153","author":"Moore","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1999.0750","article-title":"Reproductive effort and T-lymphocyte cell-mediated immunoompetence in female pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca","volume":"266","author":"Moreno","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2003.12496.x","article-title":"Explaining variable costs of the immune response: selection for specific versus non-specific immunity and facultative life-history change","volume":"102","author":"Moret","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.2307\/3546966","article-title":"Evidence of larger impact of parasites on hosts in the tropics: investment in immune function within and outside the tropics","volume":"82","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2004.02.001","article-title":"Seasonal immune function and sickness responses","volume":"25","author":"Nelson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1086\/419555","article-title":"Seasonal changes in immune function","volume":"71","author":"Nelson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Q. Rev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib53","series-title":"Seasonal patterns of stress, immune function, & disease","author":"Nelson","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/11.1.19","article-title":"Ecological immunology: Life history trade-offs and immune defense in birds","volume":"11","author":"Norris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1366-9516.2005.00160.x","article-title":"Latitudinal gradients of parasite species richness in primates","volume":"11","author":"Nunn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diversity Distrib."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1086\/423714","article-title":"Androgens and the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis: unraveling direct and indirect pathways of immunosuppression in song sparrows","volume":"164","author":"Owen-Ashley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2005.04.009","article-title":"Hormonal, behavioral, and thermoregulatory responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide in captive and free-living White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii)","volume":"49","author":"Owen-Ashley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3062","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02371","article-title":"Seasonal modulation of sickness behavior in free-living northwestern song sparrows (Melospiza melodia morphna)","volume":"209","author":"Owen-Ashley","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S583","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-007-0197-2","article-title":"Acute phase responses of passerines: characterization and seasonal variation","volume":"148","author":"Owen-Ashley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ornithol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.2307\/3546640","article-title":"Do global patterns of habitat use and migration strategies co-evolve with relative investments in immunocompetence due to spatial variation in parasite pressure?","volume":"80","author":"Piersma","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1139\/z05-121","article-title":"Latitude affects photoperiod-induced changes in immune response in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus)","volume":"83","author":"Pyter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0482","article-title":"On the adaptive significance of stress-induced immunosuppression","volume":"265","author":"R\u00e5berg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1554\/02-417","article-title":"Natural selection on immune responsiveness in blue tits Parus caeruleus","volume":"57","author":"R\u00e5berg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-003-1287-3","article-title":"Immune responsiveness in adult blue tits: hertitability and effects of nutritional status during ontogeny","volume":"136","author":"R\u00e5berg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(02)02578-8","article-title":"The physiology\/life-history nexus","volume":"17","author":"Ricklefs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)00209-9","article-title":"Latitudinal differences in species and community richness and in community structure of metazoan endo- and ectoparasites of marine teleost fish","volume":"28","author":"Rohde","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib67","series-title":"Immunology","author":"Roitt","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0021-8790.2004.00815.x","article-title":"A trade-off between two resource-demanding functions: post-nuptial moult and immunity during reproduction in male pied flycatchers","volume":"73","author":"Sanz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(02)00013-7","article-title":"On the evolutionary ecology of specific immune defence","volume":"18","author":"Schmid-Hempel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(90)90270-3","article-title":"Effects of gender and sex steroids on the immune response","volume":"35","author":"Schuurs","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Steroid. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-5347(96)10039-2","article-title":"Ecological immunology: Costly parasite defences and trade-offs in evolutionary ecology","volume":"11","author":"Sheldon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.2000.2259","article-title":"Inducible defense against pathogens and parasites: optimal choice among mulitple options","volume":"209","author":"Shudo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(97)00100-3","article-title":"Environmental factors influencing transmission","volume":"72","author":"Stromberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2435.1998.00271.x","article-title":"Energetic stress, immunosuppression and the costs of an antibody response","volume":"12","author":"Svensson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s004420000331","article-title":"Environmental and genetic variation in T-cell-mediated immune response of fledgling American kestrels","volume":"123","author":"Tella","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib76","first-page":"1715","article-title":"Constitutive innate immunity is a component of the pace-of-life syndrome in tropical birds","volume":"272","author":"Tieleman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-003-0579-2","article-title":"Tests of association between the humoral immune response of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and male plumage, testosterone, or reproductive success","volume":"53","author":"Westneat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2002.990116.x","article-title":"The costs of immunological challenge to developing Mountain Chickadees, Poecile gambeli, in the wild","volume":"99","author":"Whitaker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(75)90077-X","article-title":"The determination of five steroids in avian plasma by radioimmunoassay and competitive protein binding","volume":"26","author":"Wingfield","year":"1975","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.51.2.30157866","article-title":"The endocrinology of a natural breeding population of White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia lecuophrys pugetensis)","volume":"51","author":"Wingfield","year":"1978","journal-title":"Physiol. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1996.0027","article-title":"Interrelationship of day length and temperature on the control of gonadal development, body mass, and fat score in White-crowned Sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrrys gambelii","volume":"101","author":"Wingfield","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1997.6894","article-title":"Effects of day length and temperature on gonadal development, body mass, and fat depots in White-crowned Sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys pugetensis","volume":"107","author":"Wingfield","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-4959(01)00540-1","article-title":"Arctic spring: hormone behavior interactions in a severe environment","volume":"132","author":"Wingfield","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib84","first-page":"948","article-title":"Arctic spring: the arrival biology of Arctic birds","volume":"50","author":"Wingfield","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Zool. Sinica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.2307\/1367443","article-title":"Endocrine responses of white-crowned sparrows to environmental stress","volume":"84","author":"Wingfield","year":"1982","journal-title":"Condor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402640407","article-title":"Seasonal changes of the adrenocortical response to stress in birds of the Sonoran Desert","volume":"264","author":"Wingfield","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/4510381","article-title":"The cloacal protuberance- a means for determining the breeding condition in live male passerines","volume":"23","author":"Wolfson","year":"1952","journal-title":"Bird Banding"}],"container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889159107003388?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889159107003388?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:19:35Z","timestamp":1760167175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889159107003388"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889159107003388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-1591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-1591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Latitudinal variation of immune defense and sickness behavior in the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}