{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:42:37Z","timestamp":1792622557741,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,21]],"date-time":"2012-05-21T20:47:33Z","timestamp":1337633253000},"page":"972-978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Opioid maintenance therapy restores CD4+ T cell function by normalizing CD4+CD25high regulatory T cell frequencies in heroin user"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Gina-Lucia","family":"Ri\u00df","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae-In","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Wevers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid M.","family":"Westendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Buer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Scherbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiebke","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0030-7","article-title":"Effect of repeated administration of heroin, naltrexone, methadone, and alcohol on morphine glucuronidation in the rat","volume":"182","author":"Antonilli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2189","article-title":"Regulatory T cells and infection: a dangerous necessity","volume":"7","author":"Belkaid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802763","article-title":"Mechanisms of opioid-mediated inhibition of human T cell receptor signaling","volume":"183","author":"Borner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1159\/000089128","article-title":"Mechanisms of central and peripheral T-cell tolerance: an update","volume":"32","author":"Buer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transfus. Med. Hemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2004.01.011","article-title":"Buprenorphineproduces naltrexone reversible alterations of immune status","volume":"4","author":"Carrigan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015148108","article-title":"Transient depletion of regulatory T cells in transgenic mice reactivates virus-specific CD8+ T cells and reduces chronic retroviral set points","volume":"108","author":"Dietze","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-5925-8_21","article-title":"Opiates as immunosuppressive and genotoxic agents","volume":"288","author":"Falek","year":"1991","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-3109(99)00175-7","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional assessments of immune status in the rat spleen following acute heroin treatment","volume":"46","author":"Fecho","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1179","article-title":"A well adapted regulatory contrivance. regulatory T cell development and the forkhead family transcription factor Foxp3","volume":"6","author":"Fontenot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra042823","article-title":"Bacterial infections in drug users","volume":"353","author":"Gordon","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37665-7","article-title":"Alterations of immune functions in heroin addicts and heroin withdrawal subjects","volume":"286","author":"Govitrapong","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.027540-0","article-title":"Shooting up: the interface of microbial infections and drug abuse","volume":"60","author":"Kaushik","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7788","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-1736","article-title":"Selective depletion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells improves effective therapeutic vaccination against established melanoma","volume":"70","author":"Klages","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5916","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.9.5916","article-title":"Regulatory T cells inhibit dendritic cells by lymphocyte activation gene-3 engagement of MHC class II","volume":"180","author":"Liang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.5.3025","article-title":"Natural recovery and protection from autoimmune encephalomyelitis: contribution of CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells within the central nervous system","volume":"175","author":"McGeachy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4676","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.8.4676","article-title":"Cutting edge: human CD4+CD25+ T cells restrain the maturation and antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells","volume":"172","author":"Misra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(86)90123-6","article-title":"Decreased natural and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic activities in intravenous drug abusers","volume":"38","author":"Nair","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-2239-x","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial to compare the effects of methadone and buprenorphine on the immune system in drug abusers","volume":"179","author":"Neri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22252-2","article-title":"Natural killer cell activity and lymphocyte subsets in parenteral heroin abusers and long-term methadone maintenance patients","volume":"250","author":"Novick","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3578","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.6.3578","article-title":"Rapid suppression of cytokine transcription in human CD4+CD25 T cells by CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells: independence of IL-2 consumption, TGF-beta, and various inhibitors of TCR signaling","volume":"179","author":"Oberle","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0192-0561(00)00023-0","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and cytokine production in heroin and morphine-treated mice","volume":"22","author":"Pacifici","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R54","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2006-7-7-r54","article-title":"Signatures of human regulatory T cells: an encounter with old friends and new players","volume":"7","author":"Pfoertner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24004","article-title":"Epigenetics of \u03bc-opioid receptors: Intersection with HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system","volume":"227","author":"Regan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.02.017","article-title":"Regulatory T cell-derived interleukin-10 limits inflammation at environmental interfaces","volume":"28","author":"Rubtsov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1991.00400030110020","article-title":"Suboptimal response to hepatitis B vaccine in drug users","volume":"151","author":"Rumi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.013","article-title":"Buprenorphine and methadone maintenance treatment of heroin addicts preserves immune function","volume":"22","author":"Sacerdote","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2006.00427.x","article-title":"Foxp3+ CD25+ CD4+ natural regulatory T cells in dominant self-tolerance and autoimmune disease","volume":"212","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.04.010","article-title":"Mechanisms of foxp3+ T regulatory cell-mediated suppression","volume":"30","author":"Shevach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3109\/00952998709001524","article-title":"Serologic, immunologic, and clinical features of parenteral drug users from contrasting populations","volume":"13","author":"Shine","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(94)00162-G","article-title":"Direct cellular immunomodulation produced by diacetylmorphine (heroin) or methadone","volume":"26","author":"Thomas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gen. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.05.015","article-title":"Autoimmune-mediated intestinal inflammation-impact and regulation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells","volume":"131","author":"Westendorf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889159112001158?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889159112001158?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:30:44Z","timestamp":1760167844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889159112001158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889159112001158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-1591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-1591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Opioid maintenance therapy restores CD4+ T cell function by normalizing CD4+CD25high regulatory T cell frequencies in heroin user","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}