{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T02:07:31Z","timestamp":1793498851312,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AARF-21-848556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AARF-21-848556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002283","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ARUK-PhD2019-016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARUK-PhD2019-016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T11:35:27Z","timestamp":1691062527000},"page":"415-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"special_numbering":"C","title":["TSPO PET brain inflammation imaging: A transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis of 156 case-control studies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Livia J.","family":"De Picker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Morrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Branchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bartholomeus C.M.","family":"Haarman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuhiro","family":"Terada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Su","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Boche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Eve","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Leroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Bottlaender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Ottoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00181","article-title":"Evaluation of microglial activation in multiple sclerosis patients using positron emission tomography","volume":"9","author":"Airas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2019.06.012","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of cannabinoids as neuroprotective agents for damaged cells conducing to movement disorders","volume":"146","author":"Antonazzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12797","article-title":"Plasticity of microglia","volume":"97","author":"Augusto\u2010Oliveira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15111417r","article-title":"Response to Narendran and Frankle: The interpretation of PET microglial imaging in schizophrenia","volume":"173","author":"Bloomfield","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJP"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12389","article-title":"Diversity of transcriptomic microglial phenotypes in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Boche","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.01.002","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Bradburn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24166","article-title":"Fibrinogen regulates lesion border-forming reactive astrocyte properties after vascular damage","volume":"70","author":"Conforti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2008.01006.x","article-title":"Expression of the translocator protein of 18 kDa by microglia, macrophages and astrocytes based on immunohistochemical localization in abnormal human brain","volume":"35","author":"Cosenza-Nashat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17748786","article-title":"Sifting through the surfeit of neuroinflammation tracers","volume":"38","author":"Cumming","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24221","article-title":"Emerging evidence for astrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia","volume":"70","author":"de Oliveira Figueiredo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05308-0","article-title":"Applicability, potential and limitations of TSPO PET imaging as a clinical immunopsychiatry biomarker","volume":"49","author":"De Picker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00362","article-title":"Perspective: solving the heterogeneity conundrum of TSPO PET imaging in psychosis","volume":"11","author":"De Picker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.11.318","article-title":"State-associated changes in longitudinal [18F]-PBR111 TSPO PET imaging of psychosis patients: Evidence for the accelerated ageing hypothesis?","volume":"77","author":"De Picker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"8746","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90201-Y","article-title":"Publication bias in clinical research","volume":"337","author":"Easterbrook","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.255","article-title":"Microglia, amyloid, and glucose metabolism in Parkinson\u2019s disease with and without dementia","volume":"38","author":"Edison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.06.015","article-title":"Markers of central inflammation in major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining cerebrospinal fluid, positron emission tomography and post-mortem brain tissue","volume":"81","author":"Enache","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002309","article-title":"The translocator protein gene is associated with endogenous pain modulation and the balance between glutamate and \u03b3-aminobutyric acid in fibromyalgia and healthy subjects: a multimodal neuroimaging study","volume":"163","author":"Fanton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150827","article-title":"Does microglial activation influence hippocampal volume and neuronal function in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia?","volume":"51","author":"Femminella","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8060639","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of microglial motility: changes in ageing and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Franco-Bocanegra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.2.209-219.2003","article-title":"Microbial infections, immunomodulation, and drugs of abuse","volume":"16","author":"Friedman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-017-0334-8","article-title":"Comparison of four 11C-labeled PET ligands to quantify translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) in human brain: (R)-PK11195, PBR28, DPA-713, and ER176\u2014based on recent publications that measured specific-to-non-displaceable ratios","volume":"7","author":"Fujita","year":"2017","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res."},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31762-3","article-title":"The polypeptide diazepam-binding inhibitor and a higher affinity mitochondrial peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor sustain constitutive steroidogenesis in the R2C Leydig tumor cell line","volume":"269","author":"Garnier","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15613","article-title":"Neuroinflammation PET imaging of the translocator protein (TSPO) in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: An update","volume":"55","author":"Gouilly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12763","article-title":"Characterization of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) expression in post-mortem normal and Alzheimer\u2019s disease brains","volume":"30","author":"Gui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.108048","article-title":"Imaging neuroinflammation with TSPO: A new perspective on the cellular sources and subcellular localization","volume":"234","author":"Guilarte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0130","series-title":"Modern Trends in Pharmacopsychiatry Book","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1159\/isbn.978-3-318-02311-4","article-title":"Inflammation in Psychiatry","volume":"28","author":"Halaris","year":"2013"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12414","article-title":"Choosing between random effects models in meta-analysis: Units of analysis and the generalizability of obtained results","volume":"12","author":"Hall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc. Pers. Psychol. Compass"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.04.013","article-title":"Microglia during development and aging","volume":"139","author":"Harry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins J.P.T., Thompson S.G. 2002. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta\u2010analysis. 21(11):1539\u20131558.","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.10","article-title":"In vivo imaging of translocator protein, a marker of activated microglia, in alcohol dependence","volume":"22","author":"Hillmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.06.022","article-title":"Glia and pain: is chronic pain a gliopathy?","volume":"154","author":"Ji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-3","article-title":"Translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) is expressed in reactive retinal microglia and modulates microglial inflammation and phagocytosis","volume":"11","author":"Karlstetter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu157","article-title":"Imaging neuroinflammation in gray and white matter in schizophrenia: an in-vivo PET study with [18F]-FEPPA","volume":"41","author":"Kenk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-070918-050443","article-title":"The emerging nature of astrocyte diversity","volume":"42","author":"Khakh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5883","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115883","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and neuronal loss in the hippocampus are associated with immediate posttraumatic seizures and corticosterone elevation in rats","volume":"22","author":"Komoltsev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608667","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.608667","article-title":"Posterior cingulate cortex network predicts Alzheimer\u2019s disease progression","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0433-4","article-title":"The role of microglia in amyloid clearance from the AD brain","volume":"117","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00435-y","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease: where do we go from here?","volume":"17","author":"Leng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05408-x","article-title":"Contribution of TSPO imaging in the understanding of the state of gliosis in substance use disorders","volume":"49","author":"Leroy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8781","article-title":"Evaluation of various estimators for standardized mean difference in meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"151","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1536012118792317","article-title":"Emerging PET radiotracers and targets for imaging of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases: outlook beyond TSPO","volume":"17","author":"Narayanaswami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3440","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz287","article-title":"A quantitative neuropathological assessment of translocator protein expression in multiple sclerosis","volume":"142","author":"Nutma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24052","article-title":"Activated microglia do not increase 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) expression in the multiple sclerosis brain","volume":"69","author":"Nutma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-05166-2","article-title":"Cellular sources of TSPO expression in healthy and diseased brain","volume":"49","author":"Nutma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nutma E., Fancy N., Weinert M., et al. 2022. Translocator protein is a marker of activated microglia in rodent models but not human neurodegenerative diseases. Preprint. Available from: https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2022.05.11.491453v1.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40937-z"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189155","article-title":"A simulation study on the impact of the blood flow-dependent component in [18F]AV45 SUVR in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Ottoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.203315","article-title":"18F-PBR111 PET imaging in healthy controls and schizophrenia: test-retest reproducibility and quantification of neuroinflammation","volume":"59","author":"Ottoy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.079459","article-title":"Mixed-affinity binding in humans with 18-kDa translocator protein ligands","volume":"52","author":"Owen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.147","article-title":"An 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) polymorphism explains differences in binding affinity of the PET radioligand PBR28","volume":"32","author":"Owen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/0192-0561(93)90143-M","article-title":"Macrophage functions in drugs of abuse-treated mice","volume":"15","author":"Pacifici","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2006.06.005","article-title":"Translocator protein (18kDa): new nomenclature for the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor based on its structure and molecular function","volume":"27","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171800421X","article-title":"Meta-analytic studies of the glial cell marker TSPO in psychosis \u2013 a question of apples and pears?: A commentary on \u2018Neuroinflammation in schizophrenia: metaanalysis of in-vivo microglial imaging\u2019 by Marques et al.","volume":"49","author":"Plav\u00e9n-Sigray","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.02.1171","article-title":"Positron emission tomography studies of the glial cell marker translocator protein in patients with psychosis: A meta-analysis using individual participant data","volume":"84","author":"Plav\u00e9n-Sigray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.05.028","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the glial marker TSPO in psychosis revisited: reconciling inconclusive findings of patient-control differences","volume":"89","author":"Plav\u00e9n-Sigray","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17742004","article-title":"Generalization of endothelial modelling of TSPO PET imaging: Considerations on tracer affinities","volume":"39","author":"Rizzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1630-5","article-title":"Soluble phospho-tau from Alzheimer\u2019s disease hippocampus drives microglial degeneration","volume":"132","author":"Sanchez-Mejias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05309-z","article-title":"Supervised clustering for TSPO PET imaging","volume":"49","author":"Schubert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/0969-8051(94)90022-1","article-title":"Synthesis of the enantiomers of [N-methyl-11C]PK 11195 and comparison of their behaviours as radioligands for PK binding sites in rats","volume":"21","author":"Shah","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14412","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c00588","article-title":"The 18-kDa translocator protein PET tracers as a diagnostic marker for neuroinflammation: development and current standing","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12641","article-title":"Exploring the heterogeneity of MS lesions using positron emission tomography: a reappraisal of their contribution to disability","volume":"28","author":"Stankoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2019101997","article-title":"Microglial subtypes: diversity within the microglial community","volume":"38","author":"Stratoulias","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23782","article-title":"Dystrophic microglia in late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"68","author":"Streit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"07","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145710000313","article-title":"Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in patients with chronic schizophrenia: a PET study with [11C]DAA1106","volume":"13","author":"Takano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-022-01501-9","article-title":"A transdiagnostic network for psychiatric illness derived from atrophy and lesions","volume":"7","author":"Taylor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.05.007","article-title":"Evidence for increased microglial priming and macrophage recruitment in the dorsal anterior cingulate white matter of depressed suicides","volume":"42","author":"Torres-Platas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0335","article-title":"Microglial functional alteration and increased diversity in the challenged brain: Insights into novel targets for intervention","volume":"16","author":"Tremblay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun. Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04403-7","article-title":"Effects of age, BMI and sex on the glial cell marker TSPO \u2014 a multicentre [11C]PBR28 HRRT PET study","volume":"46","author":"Tuisku","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0345","series-title":"Glial Neurobiology: A Textbook","author":"Verkhratsky","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.09.003","article-title":"Translational potential of astrocytes in brain disorders","volume":"144","author":"Verkhratsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12537","article-title":"Stratification of astrocytes in healthy and diseased brain","volume":"27","author":"Verkhratsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","article-title":"Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Method."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05248-9","article-title":"Kinetic modeling and parameter estimation of TSPO PET imaging in the human brain","volume":"49","author":"Wimberley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31873-5","article-title":"Shared mechanisms across the major psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"13","author":"Wingo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.541377","article-title":"Patterns of mitochondrial TSPO binding in cerebral small vessel disease: An in vivo PET study with neuropathological comparison","volume":"11","author":"Wright","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8070694","article-title":"Effects of cigarette smoke on TSPO-related mitochondrial processes","volume":"8","author":"Zeineh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.08.006","article-title":"Recent developments on PET radiotracers for TSPO and their applications in neuroimaging","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.06.020","article-title":"TSPO deficiency accelerates amyloid pathology and neuroinflammation by impairing microglial phagocytosis","volume":"106","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"}],"container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889159123002167?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889159123002167?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:25:33Z","timestamp":1760171133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889159123002167"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["S0889159123002167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-1591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-1591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"TSPO PET brain inflammation imaging: A transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis of 156 case-control studies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.07.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}