{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:31:25Z","timestamp":1788413485970,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":291,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016009","name":"Orthopedic Research and Education Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008460","name":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01-AT009965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01-AT009965"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101070908"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101070908"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101099355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101099355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100029628","name":"Knee Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100029628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101017727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101017727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018703","name":"HORIZON EUROPE European Innovation Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018703","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032294","name":"Hip Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032294","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021856","name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001279","name":"Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001279","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018275","name":"American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T19:27:09Z","timestamp":1746905229000},"page":"703-712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Brain inflammation and its predictive value for post-operative pain in total knee arthroplasty patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8916-9037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynab","family":"Alshelh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovica","family":"Brusaferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin Janas","family":"Morrissey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Torrado-Carvajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwaseun","family":"Akeju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Grmek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Chane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Schrepf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Min","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hany","family":"Bedair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Siliski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia F.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Melnic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Jarraya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitaly","family":"Napadow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Veronese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Maccioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert R.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Efthimiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrbod","family":"Mohammadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekim","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren E","family":"Pollak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciprian","family":"Catana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Toschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8026-5265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco L.","family":"Loggia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2020.111093","article-title":"Pathophysiological implications of neuroinflammation mediated HPA axis dysregulation in the prognosis of cancer and depression","volume":"520","author":"Ahmad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s13139-017-0475-8","article-title":"Recent progress in the development of TSPO PET ligands for neuroinflammation imaging in neurological diseases","volume":"51","author":"Alam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001171","article-title":"Neuroinflammation of the spinal cord and nerve roots in chronic radicular pain patients","volume":"159","author":"Albrecht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.116.178335","article-title":"Pseudoreference regions for glial imaging with (11)C-PBR28: investigation in 2 clinical cohorts","volume":"59","author":"Albrecht","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.09.018","article-title":"Brain glial activation in fibromyalgia \u2013 a multi-site positron emission tomography investigation","volume":"75","author":"Albrecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2038","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007371","article-title":"Imaging of neuroinflammation in migraine with aura: A [11C] PBR28 PET\/MRI study","volume":"92","author":"Albrecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.09.018","article-title":"Brain glial activation in fibromyalgia \u2013 a multi-site positron emission tomography investigation","volume":"75","author":"Albrecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.01.020","article-title":"In-vivo imaging of neuroinflammation in veterans with Gulf War illness","volume":"87","author":"Alshelh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0045","article-title":"Neuro-immune signatures in chronic low back pain subtypes","author":"Alshelh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alshelh, Z., et al., 2020. In-vivo imaging of neuroinflammation in veterans with Gulf War illness. Brain Behav. Immun. 87, 498\u2013507. doi: 10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.01.020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.01.020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003427","article-title":"Glial activation colocalizes with structural abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"87","author":"Alshikho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25251","article-title":"Integrated magnetic resonance imaging and [(11) C]-PBR28 positron emission tomographic imaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"83","author":"Alshikho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.687687","article-title":"Cross-disorder genomics data analysis elucidates a shared genetic basis between major depression and osteoarthritis pain","volume":"12","author":"Barowsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(20000215)29:4<293::AID-GLIA1>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Brain\u2010immune connection: immuno\u2010regulatory properties of CNS\u2010resident cells","volume":"29","author":"Becher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-6-74","article-title":"Peripheral nerve injury and TRPV1-expressing primary afferent C-fibers cause opening of the blood-brain barrier","volume":"6","author":"Beggs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.93","article-title":"The brain-joint axis in osteoarthritis: nerves, circadian clocks and beyond","volume":"12","author":"Berenbaum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3299","article-title":"Osteoarthritis subpopulations and implications for clinical trial design","volume":"13","author":"Bierma-Zeinstra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2006.02.013","article-title":"Short-term efficacy of pharmacotherapeutic interventions in osteoarthritic knee pain: a meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Bjordal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2015.10.038","article-title":"The central role of hypothalamic inflammation in the acute illness response and cachexia","volume":"54","author":"Burfeind","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Develop. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0100","article-title":"Explainable classification of Parkinson\u2019s disease using deep learning trained on a large multi-center database of T1-weighted MRI datasets","volume":"38","author":"Camacho","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(93)90293-C","article-title":"Distribution profile and properties of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors on human hemopoietic cells","volume":"52","author":"Canat","year":"1993","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00269","article-title":"Is AD a stress-related disorder? Focus on the HPA axis and its promising therapeutic targets","volume":"11","author":"Canet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1551","article-title":"Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule promotes leukocyte trafficking into the central nervous system","volume":"9","author":"Cayrol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S94","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-500X.120975","article-title":"Corticosteroid-related central nervous system side effects","volume":"4","author":"Ciriaco","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"Suppl 107","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0125","first-page":"79","article-title":"The role of centralised pain in osteoarthritis","volume":"35","author":"Clauw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2008.01006.x","article-title":"Expression of the translocator protein of 18 kDa by microglia, macrophages and astrocytes based on immunohistochemical localization in abnormal human brain","volume":"35","author":"Cosenza-Nashat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17565","article-title":"Intra-articular corticosteroids for osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"316","author":"da Costa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297","article-title":"From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain","volume":"9","author":"Dantzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(95)00148-4","article-title":"The influence of cytokines on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in vitro","volume":"64","author":"de Vries","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13607","article-title":"Neuroinflammation: the devil is in the details","volume":"139","author":"DiSabato","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015478","article-title":"Temporal pattern of ICAM-I mediated regulatory T cell recruitment to sites of inflammation in adoptive transfer model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Doerck","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1360-0","article-title":"Cortisol modulates inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells via the NF-\u03baB and MAPK pathways","volume":"14","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00302","article-title":"The role of the blood-brain barrier in the development and treatment of migraine and other pain disorders","volume":"8","author":"DosSantos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2178","article-title":"Arthritis and pain. Future targets to control osteoarthritis pain","volume":"9","author":"Dray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00349-9","article-title":"Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale","volume":"94","author":"Farrar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206624","article-title":"Prognostic factors for postoperative chronic pain after knee or hip replacement in patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis: an umbrella review","volume":"12","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de-Las-Pe\u00f1as","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00392-5","article-title":"Nociplastic pain: towards an understanding of prevalent pain conditions","volume":"397","author":"Fitzcharles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00692915","article-title":"Autoradiographic localization of \u201cperipheral-type\u201d benzodiazepine binding sites in the rat brain, heart and kidney","volume":"328","author":"Gehlert","year":"1985","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2023.12180","article-title":"Knee osteoarthritis: current status and research progress in treatment","volume":"26","author":"Geng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1197","article-title":"Dendritic cells permit immune invasion of the CNS in an animal model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Greter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-022-00986-9","article-title":"Knee osteoarthritis accelerates amyloid beta deposition and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"16","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(93)90027-V","article-title":"Murine tumor necrosis factor alpha is transported from blood to brain in the mouse","volume":"47","author":"Gutierrez","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2016.tb00694.x","article-title":"Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical stress response","volume":"6","author":"Herman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirsch, E.C., et al., 2003. The role of glial reaction and inflammation in Parkinson's disease. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 991, 214\u2013228. doi: 10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07478.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07478.x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13569","article-title":"Peripheral inflammation and blood\u2013brain barrier disruption: effects and mechanisms","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.09.093","article-title":"PET imaging with [11C]PBR28 can localize and quantify upregulated peripheral benzodiazepine receptors associated with cerebral ischemia in rat","volume":"411","author":"Imaizumi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.113.136341","article-title":"An SPM8-based approach for attenuation correction combining segmentation and nonrigid template formation: application to simultaneous PET\/MR brain imaging","volume":"55","author":"Izquierdo-Garcia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(91)90212-H","article-title":"Cortisol and immunity","volume":"34","author":"Jefferies","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.06.022","article-title":"Glia and pain: is chronic pain a gliopathy?","volume":"154","author":"Ji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0250","first-page":"2006","article-title":"Modulators of microglia activation and polarization in ischemic stroke","volume":"21","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0409-5","article-title":"Intra-articular glucocorticoid injections and their effect on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis function","volume":"48","author":"Johnston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.07.028","article-title":"Predictive factors for developing chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002324","article-title":"Chronic nociplastic pain affecting the musculoskeletal system: clinical criteria and grading system","volume":"162","author":"Kosek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0358-7","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b21b leads to ashort-term increase of soluble but long-term stabilisation ofcell surface bound adhesion molecules in multiplesclerosis","volume":"251","author":"Kraus","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2009.03.014","article-title":"Role of chemokines in the enhancement of BBB permeability and inflammatory infiltration after rabies virus infection","volume":"144","author":"Kuang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(96)13187-6","article-title":"Enhanced expression of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) and its endogenous ligand octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) in the regenerating adult rat sciatic nerve","volume":"220","author":"Lacor","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-217483","article-title":"Hyperactive delirium following administration of intra-articular corticosteroid","volume":"2017","author":"Lally","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lisi, L., Stigliano, E., Lauriola, L., Navarra, P., Russo, C.D., 2014. Proinflammatory-activated glioma cells induce a switch in microglial polarization and activation status, from a predominant M2b phenotype to a mixture of M1 and M2a\/B polarized cells.","DOI":"10.1042\/AN20130045"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu377","article-title":"Evidence for brain glial activation in chronic pain patients","volume":"138","author":"Loggia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003342","article-title":"\u201cNeuroinflammation\u201d: does it have a role in chronic pain? Evidence from human imaging","volume":"165","author":"Loggia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loggia, M.L., et al., 2015. Evidence for brain glial activation in chronic pain patients. Brain 138, 604\u2013615. doi:10.1093\/brain\/awu377.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu377"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.114.146027","article-title":"Cerebellum Can serve as a pseudo-reference region in Alzheimer disease to detect neuroinflammation measured with PET radioligand binding to translocator protein","volume":"56","author":"Lyoo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R992","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1772","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis function and the relationship with chronic widespread pain and its antecedents","volume":"7","author":"Mcbeth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100759","article-title":"Pain mechanisms in osteoarthritis: understanding the role of central pain and current approaches to its treatment","volume":"38","author":"Mease","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002927","article-title":"Evidence of neuroinflammation in fibromyalgia syndrome: a [18 F]DPA-714 positron emission tomography study","volume":"164","author":"Mueller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nelson, A. E., Allen, K. D., Golightly, Y. M., Goode, A. P., Jordan, J.M., 2014. In: Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. Elsevier. pp. 701\u2013712.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2013.11.012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1108","article-title":"Control of glial immune function by neurons","volume":"36","author":"Neumann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40937-z","article-title":"Translocator protein is a marker of activated microglia in rodent models but not human neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"14","author":"Nutma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.63","article-title":"Two binding sites for [3H]PBR28 in human brain: implications for TSPO PET imaging of neuroinflammation","volume":"30","author":"Owen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.10.024","article-title":"Imaging of glia activation in people with primary lateral sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Paganoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577391","article-title":"Elevated inflammatory proteins in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with painful knee osteoarthritis are associated with reduced symptom severity","volume":"349","author":"Palada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4475","article-title":"The role of peripheral immune cells in the CNS in steady state and disease","volume":"20","author":"Prinz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0365","first-page":"273","article-title":"Connecting cytokines and brain: a review of current issues","volume":"17","author":"Quan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-009-9166-2","article-title":"CNS infiltration of peripheral immune cells: D-DAY FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEase?","volume":"4","author":"Rezai-Zadeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003114","article-title":"11 C]-PBR28 positron emission tomography signal as an imaging marker of joint inflammation in knee osteoarthritis","volume":"165","author":"Sandstr\u00f6m","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16642233","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier breakdown promotes macrophage infiltration and cognitive impairment in leptin receptor-deficient mice","volume":"36","author":"Stranahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4484","article-title":"Interaction of the endocrine system with inflammation: a function of energy and volume regulation","volume":"16","author":"Straub","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S466731","article-title":"Identification of presurgical risk factors for the development of chronic postsurgical pain in adults: a comprehensive umbrella review","volume":"17","author":"Sydora","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0395","article-title":"Thalamic neuroinflammation as a reproducible and discriminating signature for chronic low back pain","author":"Torrado-Carvajal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002108","article-title":"Thalamic neuroinflammation as a reproducible and discriminating signature for chronic low back pain","volume":"162","author":"Torrado-Carvajal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.1993.31","article-title":"Characterization of the binding and comparison of the distribution of benzodiazepine receptors labeled with [3H]diazepam and [3H]alprazolam","volume":"8","author":"Wamsley","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01443.x","article-title":"Immune regulation of central nervous system functions: from sickness responses to pathological pain","volume":"257","author":"Watkins","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.3.180004","article-title":"Chronic pain after total knee arthroplasty","volume":"3","author":"Wylde","year":"2018","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003481","article-title":"The stress hormone cortisol enhances interferon-\u03d2\u2013mediated proinflammatory responses of human immune cells","volume":"127","author":"Yeager","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeager, M.P., Pioli, P.A., Guyre, P.M., 2011. Cortisol exerts bi-phasic regulation of inflammation in humans. Dose-response 9, dose-response.10-013.Yeager, doi: 10.2203\/dose-response.10-013.Yeager.","DOI":"10.2203\/dose-response.10-013.Yeager"}],"container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889159125001850?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889159125001850?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T05:38:13Z","timestamp":1763444293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889159125001850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["S0889159125001850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-1591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-1591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Brain inflammation and its predictive value for post-operative pain in total knee arthroplasty patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}