{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:09:35Z","timestamp":1789758575454,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK139154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK139154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T23:24:01Z","timestamp":1753313041000},"page":"839-856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Microglia-specific Ido2 deficiency attenuates ictogenesis in the TMEV model of viral encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Zo\u00eb A.","family":"MacDowell Kaswan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra K.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myrna","family":"Hurtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Steelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"McCusker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.10.033","article-title":"Identification of a 2-propanol analogue modulating the non-enzymatic function of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1","volume":"158","author":"Albini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12954","article-title":"Distinct roles of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based motifs in immunosuppressive indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1","volume":"21","author":"Albini","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ando, T., Hoshi, M., Tezuka, H., Ito, H., Nakamoto, K., Yamamoto, Y., Saito, K., 2023. Absence of indoleamine 2,3\u2011dioxygenase 2 promotes liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice. Mol Med Rep 27.","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2022.12911"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.09.016","article-title":"Automated quantification of EEG spikes and spike clusters as a new read out in Theiler's virus mouse model of encephalitis-induced epilepsy","volume":"88","author":"Anjum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.9.1407","article-title":"The risk of unprovoked seizures after encephalitis and meningitis","volume":"38","author":"Annegers","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.12.074","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in the United States","volume":"99","author":"Asadi-Pooya","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2777-8","article-title":"Negative feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia","volume":"586","author":"Badimon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2007.04.010","article-title":"Characterization of an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-like protein found in humans and mice","volume":"396","author":"Ball","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2022.109310","article-title":"Soticlestat, a novel cholesterol 24-hydroxylase inhibitor, modifies acute seizure burden and chronic epilepsy-related behavioral deficits following Theiler's virus infection in mice","volume":"222","author":"Barker-Haliski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.114.222513","article-title":"Evaluating an etiologically relevant platform for therapy development for temporal lobe epilepsy: effects of carbamazepine and valproic acid on acute seizures and chronic behavioral comorbidities in the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus mouse model","volume":"353","author":"Barker-Haliski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13577","article-title":"Acute treatment with minocycline, but not valproic acid, improves long-term behavioral outcomes in the Theiler's virus model of temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"57","author":"Barker-Haliski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1159\/000503831","article-title":"The epidemiology of epilepsy","volume":"54","author":"Beghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02043-5","article-title":"Reactivity and increased proliferation of NG2 cells following central nervous system infection with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus","volume":"17","author":"Bell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.02.011","article-title":"Brain inflammation, neurodegeneration and seizure development following picornavirus infection markedly differ among virus and mouse strains and substrains","volume":"279","author":"Broer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.02.010","article-title":"Desipramine decreases expression of human and murine indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenases","volume":"62","author":"Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00422","article-title":"Immunomodulatory factors galectin-9 and interferon-gamma synergize to induce expression of rate-limiting enzymes of the kynurenine pathway in the mouse hippocampus","volume":"7","author":"Brooks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0563-1","article-title":"Interactions between inflammatory mediators and corticosteroids regulate transcription of genes within the Kynurenine Pathway in the mouse hippocampus","volume":"13","author":"Brooks","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0646","article-title":"Differential expression of TGF-beta, IL-2, and other cytokines in the CNS of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-infected susceptible and resistant strains of mice","volume":"278","author":"Chang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2088","article-title":"IDO: more than an enzyme","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1443-2","article-title":"The role of microglia in viral encephalitis: a review","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/11786469221078191","article-title":"Loss of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) in knockout mice does not affect the development of skin lesions in the imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasis","volume":"15","author":"Choudhary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Tryptophan Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30499-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Collaborators","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.638854","article-title":"Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 deficiency suppresses seizures in epilepsy","volume":"15","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v16010119","article-title":"The contribution of microglia and brain-infiltrating macrophages to the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases during TMEV infection of the central nervous system","volume":"16","author":"DePaula-Silva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-018-0636-2","article-title":"The immune response to picornavirus infection and the effect of immune manipulation on acute seizures","volume":"24","author":"DePaula-Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2017.02.002","article-title":"Glial and tissue-specific regulation of Kynurenine Pathway dioxygenases by acute stress of mice","volume":"7","author":"Dostal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.12.006","article-title":"Glia- and tissue-specific changes in the Kynurenine Pathway after treatment of mice with lipopolysaccharide and dexamethasone","volume":"69","author":"Dostal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0140","first-page":"1111","article-title":"Interferon gamma runs interference on persistent COVID-19","volume":"2","author":"Elliott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med (N Y)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18395","article-title":"Intestinal dysbiosis alters acute seizure burden and antiseizure medicine activity in Theiler's virus model of encephalitis","author":"Erickson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eyo, U.B., Peng, J., Murugan, M., Mo, M., Lalani, A., Xie, P., Xu, P., Margolis, D.J., Wu, L.J., 2016. Regulation of Physical Microglia-Neuron Interactions by Fractalkine Signaling after Status Epilepticus. eNeuro 3.","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0209-16.2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10528","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0416-14.2014","article-title":"Neuronal hyperactivity recruits microglial processes via neuronal NMDA receptors and microglial P2Y12 receptors after status epilepticus","volume":"34","author":"Eyo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2012.10.005","article-title":"MDA5 detects the double-stranded RNA replicative form in picornavirus-infected cells","volume":"2","author":"Feng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155515","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 deficiency exacerbates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation","volume":"21","author":"Fujii","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155412458926","article-title":"Studies on tissue and cellular distribution of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2: the absence of IDO1 upregulates IDO2 expression in the epididymis","volume":"60","author":"Fukunaga","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16979","article-title":"Gut metabolite S-equol ameliorates hyperexcitability in entorhinal cortex neurons following Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced acute seizures","volume":"62","author":"Gallucci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104169","article-title":"Encephalitis hospitalization rates and inpatient mortality in the United States, 2000-2010","volume":"9","author":"George","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/1543","article-title":"Dissection of hippocampal dentate gyrus from adult mouse","author":"Hagihara","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.06.013","article-title":"Expression of IL-27 p28 by Theiler's virus-infected macrophages depends on TLR3 and TLR7 activation of JNK-MAP-kinases","volume":"76","author":"Hause","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02394-1","article-title":"Inflammatory monocytes and microglia play independent roles in inflammatory ictogenesis","volume":"19","author":"Howe","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00545","article-title":"Hippocampal protection in mice with an attenuated inflammatory monocyte response to acute CNS picornavirus infection","volume":"2","author":"Howe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11690","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01034-07","article-title":"Differential virus replication, cytokine production, and antigen-presenting function by microglia from susceptible and resistant mice infected with Theiler's virus","volume":"81","author":"Jin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14675","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 deletion promotes Theiler's virus-induced seizures in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"60","author":"Juda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1178646917735098","article-title":"Investigation of the tissue distribution and physiological roles of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-2","volume":"10","author":"Jusof","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Tryptophan Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E8929","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806754115","article-title":"Chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1 regulate viral encephalitis-induced hippocampal damage but not seizures","volume":"115","author":"Kaufer","year":"2018","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2018.00083","article-title":"Cell densities in the mouse brain: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Keller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02390.x","article-title":"Innate but not adaptive immune responses contribute to behavioral seizures following viral infection","volume":"51","author":"Kirkman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0235","first-page":"54","article-title":"Interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme is necessary for development of depression-like behavior following intracerebroventricular administration of lipopolysaccharide to mice","volume":"10","author":"Lawson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8149","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00730-11","article-title":"Lack of correlation of central nervous system inflammation and neuropathology with the development of seizures following acute virus infection","volume":"85","author":"Libbey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-011-0050-5","article-title":"Once initiated, viral encephalitis-induced seizures are consistent no matter the treatment or lack of interleukin-6","volume":"17","author":"Libbey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01535.x","article-title":"Seizures following picornavirus infection","volume":"49","author":"Libbey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2016.07.004","article-title":"IDO-orchestrated crosstalk between pDCs and Tregs inhibits autoimmunity","volume":"75","author":"Lippens","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlw008","article-title":"Neuronal injury, gliosis, and glial proliferation in two models of temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"75","author":"Loewen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4126","article-title":"New avenues for anti-epileptic drug discovery and development","volume":"12","author":"Loscher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2467","article-title":"A robust and high-throughput Cre reporting and characterization system for the whole mouse brain","volume":"13","author":"Madisen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0275","series-title":"The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Psychoneuroimmunology","first-page":"448","article-title":"Depression, inflammation, and tryptophan metabolism","author":"McCusker","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01861","article-title":"Differential roles of IDO1 and IDO2 in T and B cell inflammatory immune responses","volume":"11","author":"Merlo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100705","article-title":"The immunomodulatory enzyme IDO2 mediates autoimmune arthritis through a nonenzymatic mechanism","volume":"208","author":"Merlo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.886225","article-title":"Impact of IDO1 and IDO2 on the B cell immune response","volume":"13","author":"Merlo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12550","article-title":"Screening of prototype antiseizure and anti-inflammatory compounds in the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus model of epilepsy","volume":"7","author":"Metcalf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7082","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-1872","article-title":"Novel tryptophan catabolic enzyme IDO2 is the preferred biochemical target of the antitumor indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitory compound D-1-methyl-tryptophan","volume":"67","author":"Metz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxt073","article-title":"IDO2 is critical for IDO1-mediated T-cell regulation and exerts a non-redundant function in inflammation","volume":"26","author":"Metz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2003.12.015","article-title":"Expression of the kynurenine pathway enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase is increased in the frontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2021.107086","article-title":"The prevalence of drug-resistant-epilepsy and its associated factors in patients with epilepsy","volume":"213","author":"Mohammadzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.01.005","article-title":"A relay pathway between arginine and tryptophan metabolism confers immunosuppressive properties on dendritic cells","volume":"46","author":"Mondanelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2174\/138920007780362509","article-title":"The human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase gene and related human genes","volume":"8","author":"Murray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-3-26","article-title":"Expression of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in mature granule cells of the adult mouse dentate gyrus","volume":"3","author":"Ohira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9780","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.20.9780-9789.2001","article-title":"Direct activation of innate and antigen-presenting functions of microglia following infection with Theiler's virus","volume":"75","author":"Olson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3916","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.6.3916","article-title":"Microglia initiate central nervous system innate and adaptive immune responses through multiple TLRs","volume":"173","author":"Olson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2023.2170095","article-title":"The signaling function of IDO1 incites the malignant progression of mouse B16 melanoma","volume":"12","author":"Orecchini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12360","article-title":"Forced IDO1 expression in dendritic cells restores immunoregulatory signalling in autoimmune diabetes","volume":"18","author":"Pallotta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2077","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is a signaling protein in long-term tolerance by dendritic cells","volume":"12","author":"Pallotta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0360","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1): an up-to-date overview of an eclectic immunoregulatory enzyme","author":"Pallotta","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel, D.C., Swift, N., Tewari, B.P., Browning, J.L., Prim, C., Chaunsali, L., Kimbrough, I., Olsen, M.L., Sontheimer, H., 2023. Infection-induced epilepsy is caused by increased expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in hippocampus and amygdala. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.05.16.541066"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.961292","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor inhibits the function of cation-chloride cotransporter in a mouse model of viral infection-induced epilepsy","volume":"10","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel, D.C., Wallis, G., Dahle, E.J., McElroy, P.B., Thomson, K.E., Tesi, R.J., Szymkowski, D.E., West, P.J., Smeal, R.M., Patel, M., Fujinami, R.S., White, H.S., Wilcox, K.S., 2017. Hippocampal TNFalpha signaling contributes to seizure generation in an infection-induced mouse model of limbic epilepsy. eNeuro 4.","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0105-17.2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12351","article-title":"Cannabidiol reduces seizures following CNS infection with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus","volume":"4","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0385","article-title":"Viral encephalitis and seizures cause rapid depletion of neuronal progenitor cells and alter neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus","volume":"18","author":"Pauletti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1192-7","article-title":"The role of inflammation in the development of epilepsy","volume":"15","author":"Rana","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005263","article-title":"Interferon-gamma inhibits ebola virus infection","volume":"11","author":"Rhein","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00176-5","article-title":"Effect of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase on induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"129","author":"Sakurai","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43337","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43337","article-title":"The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway in the TLR4-induced tolerogenic phenotype in human DCs","volume":"7","author":"Salazar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-019-00740-3","article-title":"Microglial cell depletion is fatal with low level picornavirus infection of the central nervous system","volume":"25","author":"Sanchez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-021-02370-8","article-title":"Analyzing microglial phenotypes across neuropathologies: a practical guide","volume":"142","author":"Schwabenland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3257","article-title":"Kynurenines in the mammalian brain: when physiology meets pathology","volume":"13","author":"Schwarcz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-012-0082-5","article-title":"The activity within the CA3 excitatory network during Theiler's virus encephalitis is distinct from that observed during chronic epilepsy","volume":"18","author":"Smeal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181ffc420","article-title":"Development of postinfection epilepsy after Theiler's virus infection of C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"69","author":"Stewart","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02405.x","article-title":"Theiler's virus infection chronically alters seizure susceptibility","volume":"51","author":"Stewart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011839","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of drug-resistant epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Sultana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242216236","article-title":"Membrane localization and phosphorylation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells: first steps in exploring its signaling function","volume":"24","author":"Suvieri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24674","article-title":"Specific in situ detection of murine indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase","volume":"115","author":"Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.06.018","article-title":"Deletion of TDO2, IDO-1 and IDO-2 differentially affects mouse behavior and cognitive function","volume":"312","author":"Too","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.12.015","article-title":"Impaired cognitive ability and anxiety-like behavior following acute seizures in the Theiler's virus model of temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"64","author":"Umpierre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.178","article-title":"The role of inflammation in epilepsy","volume":"7","author":"Vezzani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020678","article-title":"Patterns of expression of purinergic receptor P2RY12, a putative marker for non-activated microglia, in aged and alzheimer's disease brains","volume":"21","author":"Walker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wallis, G.J., Bell, L.A., Wagner, J.N., Buxton, L., Balachandar, L., Wilcox, K.S., 2024. Reactive microglia fail to respond to environmental damage signals in a viral-induced mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.03.06.583768"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.12.001","article-title":"Macrophage depletion by liposome-encapsulated clodronate suppresses seizures but not hippocampal damage after acute viral encephalitis","volume":"110","author":"Waltl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.09.006","article-title":"Microglia have a protective role in viral encephalitis-induced seizure development and hippocampal damage","volume":"74","author":"Waltl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0490","article-title":"Deletion of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (Ido)1 but not Ido2 exacerbates disease symptoms of MOG35-55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"7","author":"Wetzel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0491-3","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of the aging mouse brain","volume":"22","author":"Ximerakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016402","article-title":"Risk factors for drug-resistant epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Xue-Ping","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15917","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34166-4","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide shock reveals the immune function of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 through the regulation of IL-6\/stat3 signalling","volume":"8","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01689-3","article-title":"IDO1 facilitates esophageal carcinoma progression by driving the direct binding of NF-kappaB and CXCL10","volume":"9","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-007-9049-1","article-title":"Evolution of vertebrate indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases","volume":"65","author":"Yuasa","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0520","article-title":"Hippocampal sclerosis: a review on current research status and its mechanisms","volume":"102716","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17946","article-title":"Diet composition and sterilization modifies intestinal microbiome diversity and burden of Theiler's virus infection-induced acute seizures","volume":"65","author":"Zierath","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epilepsia"}],"container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889159125002867?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889159125002867?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T04:19:53Z","timestamp":1779509993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889159125002867"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":105,"alternative-id":["S0889159125002867"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-1591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-1591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Microglia-specific Ido2 deficiency attenuates ictogenesis in the TMEV model of viral encephalitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.07.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}