{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T16:42:14Z","timestamp":1794328934361,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001866","name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MICROH DTU PRIDE\/11823097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MICROH DTU PRIDE\/11823097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001866","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["863664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["863664"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INTER\/DFG\/19\/14429377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INTER\/DFG\/19\/14429377"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008665","name":"Universit\u00e9 du Luxembourg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MCI-BIOME_2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCI-BIOME_2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000864","name":"Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson&apos;s Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MJFF-019228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MJFF-019228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000864","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T16:46:19Z","timestamp":1765471579000},"page":"106217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Resistant starch improves Parkinson\u2019s disease symptoms through restructuring of the gut microbiome and modulating inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5205-9739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viacheslav A.","family":"Petrov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6316-6804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Schade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1100-1282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cedric C.","family":"Laczny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6709-3211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny","family":"H\u00e4llqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8698-3770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4235-7430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2916-7018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Velma T.E.","family":"Aho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9959-8767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oskar","family":"Hickl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1402-1254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashi","family":"Halder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Caussin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Lebrun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2509-6032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janine","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0805-6968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus Michael","family":"Unger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0763-8288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brit","family":"Mollenhauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6478-2924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Wilmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"397","author":"Bloem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"110","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-002-0808-2","article-title":"Idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease: possible routes by which vulnerable neuronal types may be subject to neuroinvasion by an unknown pathogen","volume":"1996","author":"Braak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. Vienna Austria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00295-x","article-title":"Gastrointestinal involvement in Parkinson\u2019s disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"8","author":"Warnecke","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Park. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01419-8","article-title":"The epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"403","author":"Ben-Shlomo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Lond. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26069","article-title":"Gut microbiota are related to Parkinson\u2019s disease and clinical phenotype","volume":"30","author":"Scheperjans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-017-3700-7","article-title":"Analysis of Gut Microbiota in patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"162","author":"Petrov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26942","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease and PD Medications have Distinct Signatures of the Gut Microbiome","volume":"32","author":"Hill-Burns","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27105","article-title":"The nasal and gut microbiome in Parkinson\u2019s disease and idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder","volume":"33","author":"Heintz-Buschart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26307","article-title":"Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Keshavarzian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.05.064","article-title":"Gut microbiota in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Temporal stability and relations to disease progression","volume":"44","author":"Aho","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00171","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Differs between Parkinson\u2019s Disease patients and healthy Controls in Northeast China","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0060","first-page":"1","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the Parkinson\u2019s disease gut microbiome suggests alterations linked to intestinal inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Romano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Npj Park. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0065","first-page":"1","article-title":"Meta-analysis of shotgun sequencing of gut microbiota in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Nishiwaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Npj Park. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013225","article-title":"Association of Fecal and Plasma Levels of Short-Chain Fatty Acids with Gut Microbiota and Clinical Severity in patients with Parkinson Disease","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.08.019","article-title":"Short chain fatty acids and gut microbiota differ between patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and age-matched controls","volume":"32","author":"Unger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00427-6","article-title":"Relationships of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, inflammation, and the gut barrier in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Aho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.018","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Regulate Motor Deficits and Neuroinflammation in a Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"167","author":"Sampson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-022-00895-w","article-title":"Inflammation promotes synucleinopathy propagation","volume":"54","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0095","article-title":"The interplay between diet and the gut microbiome: implications for health and disease","volume":"1\u201316","author":"Ross","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00681-7","article-title":"Diet and the gut microbiome in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Kwon","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Park. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29580","article-title":"Plant-based Dietary patterns and Parkinson\u2019s Disease: a prospective Analysis of the UK Biobank","volume":"38","author":"Tresserra-Rimbau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.5.1486","article-title":"Prospective study of dietary pattern and risk of Parkinson disease","volume":"86","author":"Gao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6405278","article-title":"Role of Diet and Nutritional Supplements in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Progression","volume":"2017","author":"Mischley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2021.08.009","article-title":"Effects of Resistant Starch on Symptoms, Fecal Markers, and Gut Microbiota in Parkinson\u2019s Disease - the RESISTA-PD Trial","volume":"20","author":"Becker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36497-x","article-title":"An open label, non-randomized study assessing a prebiotic fiber intervention in a small cohort of Parkinson\u2019s disease participants","volume":"14","author":"Hall","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020376","article-title":"Interventional Influence of the Intestinal Microbiome through Dietary intervention and Bowel Cleansing Might Improve Motor Symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"9","author":"Hegelmaier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.794640","article-title":"Mediterranean Diet Adherence in people with Parkinson\u2019s Disease Reduces Constipation Symptoms and changes Fecal Microbiota after a 5-Week Single-arm pilot Study","volume":"12","author":"Rusch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-00885-5","article-title":"A prebiotic dietary pilot intervention restores faecal metabolites and may be neuroprotective in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"11","author":"Bedarf","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Park. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20844","article-title":"International multicenter pilot study of the first comprehensive self-completed nonmotor symptoms questionnaire for Parkinson\u2019s disease: the NMSQuest study","volume":"21","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21596","article-title":"The metric properties of a novel non-motor symptoms scale for Parkinson\u2019s disease: results from an international pilot study","volume":"22","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/26.5.353","article-title":"The Parkinson\u2019s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39): development and validation of a Parkinson\u2019s disease summary index score","volume":"26","author":"Jenkinson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340","article-title":"Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): scale presentation and clinimetric testing results","volume":"23","author":"Goetz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12921","article-title":"Levodopa Equivalent Dose Conversion Factors: an Updated Proposal Including Opicapone and Safinamide","volume":"7","author":"Schade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1116-8","article-title":"IMP: a pipeline forreproducible reference-independent integrated metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses","volume":"17","author":"Narayanasamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv033","article-title":"MEGAHIT: an ultra-fast single-node solution for large and complex metagenomics assembly via succinct de Bruijn graph","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinforma. Oxf. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000685","article-title":"Bakta: rapid and standardized annotation of bacterial genomes via alignment-free sequence identification","volume":"7","author":"Schwengers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb. Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giab042","article-title":"Mantis: flexible and consensus-driven genome annotation","volume":"10","author":"Queir\u00f3s","year":"2021","journal-title":"GigaScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","article-title":"KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes","volume":"28","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn663","article-title":"The Carbohydrate-active EnZymes database (CAZy): an expert resource for Glycogenomics","volume":"37","author":"Cantarel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt656","article-title":"featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features","volume":"30","author":"Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinforma. Oxf. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1891-0","article-title":"Improved metagenomic analysis with Kraken 2","volume":"20","author":"Wood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab776","article-title":"GTDB: an ongoing census of bacterial and archaeal diversity through a phylogenetically consistent, rank normalizedand complete genome-based taxonomy","volume":"50","author":"Parks","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01410-z","article-title":"Cultivation-independent genomes greatly expand taxonomic-profiling capabilities of mOTUs across various environments","volume":"10","author":"Ruscheweyh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s43705-021-00078-0","article-title":"Systematic characterization of human gut microbiome-secreted molecules by integrated multi-omics","volume":"1","author":"De Saedeleer","year":"2021","journal-title":"ISME Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.1021\/ac802689c","article-title":"MetaboliteDetector: comprehensive analysis tool for targeted and nontargeted GC\/MS based metabolome analysis","volume":"81","author":"Hiller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48961-3","article-title":"Plasma proteomics identify biomarkers predicting Parkinson\u2019s disease up to 7 years before symptom onset","volume":"15","author":"H\u00e4llqvist","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0235","unstructured":"Oksanen, J., Simpson, G.L., Blanchet, F.G., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., Minchin, P.R., O\u2019Hara, R.B., Solymos, P., Stevens, M.H.H., Szoecs, E., et al. (2025). vegan: Community Ecology Package. Version 2.6-10."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.10.022","article-title":"Fecal microbial load is a major determinant of gut microbiome variation and a confounder for disease associations","volume":"188","author":"Nishijima","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0250","first-page":"1","article-title":"The R Package geepack for Generalized estimating Equations","volume":"15","author":"H\u00f8jsgaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0255","unstructured":"Boogaart, K.G. van den, Tolosana-Delgado, R., and Bren, M. (2024). compositions: Compositional Data Analysis. Version 2.0-8."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0260","unstructured":"Fox, J., Weisberg, S., Price, B., Adler, D., Bates, D., Baud-Bovy, G., Bolker, B., Ellison, S., Firth, D., Friendly, M., et al. (2024). car: Companion to Applied Regression. Version 3.1-3."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0265","first-page":"1","article-title":"emmeans: estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means","volume":"1","author":"Lenth","year":"2025","journal-title":"Version"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0270","unstructured":"Yu, G., and Chen, M. MicrobiomeProfiler: An R\/shiny package for microbiome functional enrichment analysis. R package version 1.14.0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18129\/B9.bioc.MicrobiomeProfiler."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0275","first-page":"2","article-title":"ggplot2: create Elegant Data Visualisations using the Grammar of Graphics","volume":"3","author":"Wickham","year":"2025","journal-title":"Version"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0280","first-page":"6","article-title":"ggrepel: Automatically Position Non-Overlapping Text Labels with \u201cggplot2.","author":"Slowikowski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Version"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0285","article-title":"ggpubr: \u201cggplot2\u201d based Publication Ready Plots","author":"Kassambara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Version"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0290","first-page":"e43","volume":"1","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complex Heatmap Visualization. Imeta"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0295","article-title":"patchwork: the composer of Plots","volume":"1","author":"Pedersen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Version"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6958","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34667-x","article-title":"Metagenomics of Parkinson\u2019s disease implicates the gut microbiome in multiple disease mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Wallen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-020-00775-7","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease-associated alterations of the gut microbiome predict disease-relevant changes in metabolic functions","volume":"18","author":"Baldini, F., Hertel, J., Sandt, E., Thinnes, C.C., Neuberger-Castillo, L., Pavelka, L., Betsou, F., Kr\u00fcger, R., Thiele, I., and NCER-PD Consortium","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6989(84)80094-6","article-title":"Pyroglutamic acid administration modifies the electrocorticogram and increases the release of acetylcholine and GABA from the guinea-pig cerebral cortex","volume":"16","author":"Antonelli","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2021.105233","article-title":"Preliminary study on kinetics of pyroglutamic acid formation in fermented milk","volume":"126","author":"Aiello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Dairy J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0425","first-page":"S323","article-title":"The Intestinal Barrier in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Current State of Knowledge","volume":"9","author":"van IJzendoorn","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Park. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0320","first-page":"e00561","volume":"mSystems 5","author":"Vascellari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbiota and Metabolome Alterations Associated with Parkinson\u2019s Disease."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00676-7","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease - a key disease hallmark with therapeutic potential","volume":"18","author":"Henrich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2010.06.007","article-title":"Mitochondrial involvement and erythronic acid as a novel biomarker in transaldolase deficiency","volume":"1802","author":"Engelke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.956677","article-title":"The Clinical View on Streptococcus anginosus Group \u2013 Opportunistic Pathogens coming out of Hiding","volume":"13","author":"Pilarczyk-Zurek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11102437","article-title":"Ethanol-Producing Enterocloster bolteae is Enriched in Chronic Hepatitis B-Associated Gut Dysbiosis: a Case-Control Culturomics Study","volume":"11","author":"Magdy Wasfy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15880","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)37532-X","article-title":"Inactivation of lincosaminide antibiotics in Staphylococcus. Identification of lincosaminide O-nucleotidyltransferases and comparison of the corresponding resistance genes","volume":"263","author":"Brisson-No\u00ebl","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R067629","article-title":"Short- and medium-chain fatty acids in energy metabolism: the cellular perspective","volume":"57","author":"Sch\u00f6nfeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010768","article-title":"High Acetate Concentration Protects Intestinal Barrier and Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Organoid-Derived Epithelial Monolayer Cultures from patients with Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"24","author":"Deleu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2174\/1568009033481994","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acid inhibitors of histone deacetylases: promising anticancer therapeutics? Curr","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0157-3","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota-gut-brain communication","volume":"16","author":"Dalile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00215-5","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease patients\u2019 short chain fatty acids production capacity after in vitro fecal fiber fermentation","volume":"7","author":"Baert","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Park. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-51059-3","article-title":"Faecalibacterium duncaniae A2-165 regulates the expression of butyrate synthesis, ferrous iron uptake, and stress-response genes based on acetate consumption","volume":"14","author":"Verstraeten","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-021-01197-6","article-title":"F. prausnitzii and its supernatant increase SCFAs-producing bacteria to restore gut dysbiosis in TNBS-induced colitis","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00709-w","article-title":"The ecological roles of bacterial chemotaxis","volume":"20","author":"Keegstra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29300","article-title":"Integrated Multi-Cohort Analysis of the Parkinson\u2019s Disease Gut Metagenome","volume":"38","author":"Boktor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12018","article-title":"Regulation of flagellar motility during biofilm formation","volume":"37","author":"Guttenplan","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00404-24","article-title":"A flagellar accessory protein links chemotaxis to surface sensing","volume":"206","author":"Salemi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00035-12","article-title":"Type IV pilin proteins: versatile molecular modules","volume":"76","author":"Giltner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. MMBR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7563","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1502025112","article-title":"Type IV pili mechanochemically regulate virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"112","author":"Persat","year":"2015","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0158-9","article-title":"Bacteria and archaea on Earth and their abundance in biofilms","volume":"17","author":"Flemming","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-022-00367-z","article-title":"Inflammatory microbes and genes as potential biomarkers of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Nie","year":"2022","journal-title":"npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0430","article-title":"Intestinal Permeability In Vivo in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Comparison of active Disease and Remission","volume":"izaf043","author":"Dunleavy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26087","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26087","article-title":"Topological distortion and reorganized modular structure of gut microbial co-occurrence networks in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"6","author":"Baldassano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3306","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5367-11.2012","article-title":"Endoplasmic Reticulum stress is Important for the Manifestations of \u03b1-Synucleinopathy In Vivo","volume":"32","author":"Colla","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.01.019","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress, an important factor in the development of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"324","author":"Mou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00226.2015","article-title":"Downregulation of miR-384-5p attenuates rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"310","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3951","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073951","article-title":"Intranasal Administration of GRP78 Protein (HSPA5) Confers Neuroprotection in a Lactacystin-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"25","author":"Pazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2012.28","article-title":"Glucose regulated protein 78 diminishes \u03b1-synuclein neurotoxicity in a rat model of Parkinson disease","volume":"20","author":"Gorbatyuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. J. Am. Soc. Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00449-5","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of inflammatory biomarkers in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Qu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Npj Park. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.02.018","article-title":"The loss of Glucose Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) during Normal Aging or from siRNA Knockdown Augments Human Alpha-Synuclein (\u03b1-syn) Toxicity to Rat Nigral Neurons","volume":"36","author":"Salganik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0475","article-title":"GRP78\/BIP\/HSPA5 as a Therapeutic Target in Models of Parkinson\u2019s Disease: a Mini Review","volume":"2019","author":"Enogieru","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000119353.03690.22","article-title":"Human apolipoprotein A-IV reduces secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and atherosclerotic effects of a chronic infection mimicked by lipopolysaccharide","volume":"24","author":"Recalde","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.11.024","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of apolipoprotein A4 against carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver injury through mediating hepatic antioxidant and inflammation response in mice","volume":"534","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0490","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a novel inhibitory effect of ApoA4 on NAFL mediated by liver-specific subsets of myeloid cells","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200421233","article-title":"Apolipoprotein A-IV inhibits experimental colitis","volume":"114","author":"Vowinkel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.04.058","article-title":"Effect of ApoA4 on SERPINA3 mediated by nuclear receptors NR4A1 and NR1D1 in hepatocytes","volume":"487","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5421","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S89279","article-title":"Decreased expression of the APOA1\u2013APOC3\u2013APOA4 gene cluster is associated with risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.11.057","article-title":"Genetic ablation of apolipoprotein A-IV accelerates Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis in a mouse model","volume":"178","author":"Cui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05384-8","article-title":"Plasma protein biomarker model for screening Alzheimer disease using multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00684-6","article-title":"Inflammation and immune dysfunction in Parkinson disease","volume":"22","author":"Tansey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29363","article-title":"Brain and Systemic Inflammation in De Novo Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"38","author":"Yacoubian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2014.04.015","article-title":"A bacteriophage capsid protein provides a general amyloid interaction motif (GAIM) that binds and remodels misfolded protein assemblies","volume":"426","author":"Krishnan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.04.048","article-title":"Modulation effect of filamentous phage on alpha-synuclein aggregation","volume":"383","author":"Dimant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1159\/000295664","article-title":"Filamentous phages reduce alpha-synuclein oligomerization in the membrane fraction of SH-SY5Y cells","volume":"7","author":"Dimant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2010.02233.x","article-title":"The 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid catabolon, a catabolic unit for degradation of biogenic amines tyramine and dopamine in Pseudomonas putida U","volume":"12","author":"Arcos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1126\/science.166.3911.1417","article-title":"m-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid formation from L-dopa in man: suppression by neomycin","volume":"166","author":"Sandler","year":"1969","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12861","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms150712861","article-title":"4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid attenuated inflammation and edema via suppressing HIF-1\u03b1 in seawater aspiration-induced lung injury in rats","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00653","article-title":"4-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid Prevents Acute APAP-Induced Liver Injury by increasing phase II and Antioxidant Enzymes in mice","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166876","article-title":"Gut-derived 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid attenuates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by upregulating ARC to inhibit necroptosis","volume":"1870","author":"An","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. basis Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217_b0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-024-04686-9","article-title":"Role of blood metabolites in mediating the effect of gut microbiome on the mutated-RAS\/BRAF metastatic colorectal cancer-specific survival","volume":"39","author":"Xiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Colorectal Dis."}],"container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889159125004593?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889159125004593?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T14:37:57Z","timestamp":1773931077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889159125004593"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":114,"alternative-id":["S0889159125004593"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-1591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-1591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Resistant starch improves Parkinson\u2019s disease symptoms through restructuring of the gut microbiome and modulating inflammation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.106217","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106217"}}