{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:50:30Z","timestamp":1791654630176,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Spain Ministry of Science Innovation and Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:27:29Z","timestamp":1785281249000},"page":"106929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Modulating effects of creatine prevent sex-dependent hippocampal neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, and electrophysiological dysfunction induced by chronic colitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Ruiz-Calero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Ortego-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda D.","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Carretero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gema","family":"Sotelo-Parrilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Mart\u00ednez-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda L.","family":"Calonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Pardillo-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Nunez-Abades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda J.","family":"Peral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Carrascal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Garc\u00eda-Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1347987","article-title":"The role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases: current understanding and future therapeutic targets","volume":"16","author":"Adamu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi6087","article-title":"Signaling inflammation across the gut-brain axis","volume":"374","author":"Agirman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2014.12.014","article-title":"Chronic high-dose creatine has opposing effects on depression-related gene expression and behavior in intact and sex hormone-treated gonadectomized male and female rats","volume":"130","author":"Allen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612053381684","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier transport of cytokines: a mechanism for neuropathology","volume":"11","author":"Banks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.70.5.549","article-title":"Inactivation of the sodium channel. I. Sodium current experiments","volume":"70","author":"Bezanilla","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2012.06.001","article-title":"CACNA1C (Ca v1.2) in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disease","volume":"99","author":"Bhat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.89317","article-title":"Suggestion of creatine as a new neurotransmitter by approaches ranging from chemical analysis and biochemistry to electrophysiology","volume":"12","author":"Bian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01710.x","article-title":"Role of hippocampal sodium channel Nav1.6 in kindling epileptogenesis","volume":"50","author":"Blumenfeld","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041238","article-title":"Metabolic Basis of Creatine in Health and Disease: a Bioinformatics-Assisted Review","volume":"13","author":"Bonilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.1103713","article-title":"The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: Clues to pathogenesis?","volume":"10","author":"Borowitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.371347","article-title":"Ion channels in neurodevelopment: lessons from the Integrin-KCNB1 channel complex","volume":"18","author":"Bortolami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-025-00283-0","article-title":"The gut microbiome and metabolomic alterations underlying colitis-induced encephalopathy in mice: mechanistic insight","volume":"21","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01870-9","article-title":"\u201cHeads up\u201d for Creatine Supplementation and its potential applications for Brain Health and Function","volume":"53","author":"Candow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0070","article-title":"Effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on muscle, bone and brain- hope or hype for older adults?","volume":"23","author":"Candow","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105347","article-title":"Acute colon inflammation triggers primary motor cortex glial activation, neuroinflammation, neuronal hyperexcitability, and motor coordination deficits","volume":"23","author":"Carrascal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.11.028","article-title":"Reelin expression is up-regulated in mice colon in response to acute colitis and provides resistance against colitis","volume":"1863","author":"Carvajal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. basis Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.140173","article-title":"Creatine transporter deficiency impairs stress adaptation and brain energetics homeostasis","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70640","article-title":"Intestinal inflammation induces glymphatic remodeling, priming early neurodegenerative signals in male mice","volume":"21","author":"Ciampi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s and Dementia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030544","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Catabolic Effects of Creatine Supplementation: a Brief Review","volume":"14","author":"Cordingley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02354-1","article-title":"Neuroinflammation as an etiological trigger for depression comorbid with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"19","author":"Craig","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2024.09.004","article-title":"Voltage-gated ion channels in epilepsies: circuit dysfunctions and treatments","volume":"45","author":"Debanne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13682","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2300-11.2011","article-title":"Surface traffic of dendritic CaV1.2 calcium channels in hippocampal neurons","volume":"31","author":"di Biase","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2018.1500644","article-title":"Beyond muscle: the effects of creatine supplementation on brain creatine, cognitive processing, and traumatic brain injury","volume":"19","author":"Dolan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12962","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease induces pathological \u03b1-synuclein aggregation in the human gut and brain","volume":"50","author":"Espinosa-Oliva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2021.12.005","article-title":"Current and potential new treatment strategies for creatine deficiency syndromes","volume":"135","author":"Fernandes-Pires","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4425","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18565","article-title":"Epilepsy expands the phenotype of L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency","volume":"66","author":"Ferretti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14050921","article-title":"Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Brain Function and Health","volume":"14","author":"Forbes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030554","article-title":"Creatine protects against excitoxicity in an in vitro model of neurodegeneration","volume":"7","author":"Genius","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerbatin, R.R., Silva, L.F.A., Hoffmann, M.S., Della-Pace, I.D., do Nascimento, P.S., Kegler, A., de Zorzi, V.N., Cunha, J.M., Botelho, P., Neto, J.B.T., Furian, A.F., Oliveira, M.S., Fighera, M.R., Royes, L.F.F., 2019. Delayed creatine supplementation counteracts reduction of GABAergic function and protects against seizures susceptibility after traumatic brain injury in rats. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 92, 328\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.02.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.02.004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-023-01533-w","article-title":"Cell-specific vulnerability to metabolic failure: the crucial role of parvalbumin expressing neurons in creatine transporter deficiency","volume":"11","author":"Ghirardini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19820","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302840110","article-title":"Control of creatine metabolism by HIF is an endogenous mechanism of barrier regulation in colitis","volume":"110","author":"Glover","year":"2013","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2023.2206688","article-title":"Creatine supplementation increases postnatal growth and strength and prevents overexpression of pro-inflammatory interleukin 6 in the hippocampus in an experimental model of cerebral palsy","volume":"27","author":"Gouveia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-023-06680-y","article-title":"Persistent neuroinflammation of the right insular cortex in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a proton MRS study","volume":"42","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02124-z","article-title":"Uncovering sex differences of rodent microglia","volume":"18","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.02.002","article-title":"Restoring Cellular Energetics Promotes Axonal Regeneration and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"31","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, X. fei, Li, L. li, Xian, W. biao, Li, M. yue, Zhang, L. ying, Xu, J. hui, Pei, Z., Zheng, H. qing, Hu, X. quan, 2021. Chronic colitis exacerbates NLRP3-dependent neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in middle-aged brain. J. Neuroinflammation 18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-021-02199-8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02199-8"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0242-x","article-title":"Microglia in neurodegeneration","volume":"21","author":"Hickman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004717","article-title":"Currents carried by sodium and potassium ions through the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo","volume":"116","author":"Hodgkin","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004716","article-title":"Measurement of current-voltage relations in the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo","volume":"116","author":"Hodgkin","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2020.10.002","article-title":"Cognitive Impairment in Adult Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"62","author":"Hopkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Acad. Consult. Liaison. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59248-6","article-title":"Neural representation of cytokines by vagal sensory neurons","volume":"16","author":"Huerta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2017.11.002","article-title":"Effects of creatine supplementation on nociception in young male and female mice","volume":"70","author":"Izurieta Munoz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10281","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c00881","article-title":"Theasinensin C Mitigates HFrD-Induced Neuroinflammation by Enriching Akkermansia muciniphila and Orchestrating a Gln\/Ser-Centered Multiorgan Metabolic Relay to Drive Creatine Biosynthesis","volume":"74","author":"Ji","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17270-w","article-title":"Contextual fear memory retrieval by correlated ensembles of ventral CA1 neurons","volume":"11","author":"Jimenez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24291","article-title":"Sodium channel subtypes are differentially localized to pre- and post-synaptic sites in rat hippocampus","volume":"525","author":"Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Compar. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158195","article-title":"Sex-based impact of creatine supplementation on depressive symptoms, brain serotonin and SSRI efficacy in an animal model of treatment-resistant depression","volume":"22","author":"Kanekar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00614","article-title":"Intellectual disability and potassium channelopathies: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Kessi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020447","article-title":"Creatine in health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Kreider","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-020-00221-2","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders: the roles of microglia and astrocytes","volume":"9","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2024.109586","article-title":"Creatine supplementation with exercise reduces \u03b1-synuclein oligomerization and necroptosis in Parkinson\u2019s disease mouse model","volume":"126","author":"Leem","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nutrit. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.03.047","article-title":"Creatine promotes the repair of peripheral nerve injury by affecting macrophage polarization","volume":"604","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4786","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1925-13.2014","article-title":"Kv2 channel regulation of action potential repolarization and firing patterns in superior cervical ganglion neurons and hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c10378","article-title":"Mannuronate oligosaccharides ameliorate experimental colitis and secondary neurological dysfunction by manipulating the gut-brain axis","volume":"73","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1949","article-title":"Variability, compensation and homeostasis in neuron and network function","volume":"7","author":"Marder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0275","article-title":"Cytokines as neuromodulators: insights from experimental studies with humans and nonhuman primates","volume":"99","author":"Martins","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911111","article-title":"The gut-immune-brain axis: an important route for neuropsychiatric morbidity in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"23","author":"Masanetz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izae206","article-title":"The Burden of psychiatric manifestations in inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Massironi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0290","first-page":"1169","article-title":"Creatine activity as a neuromodulator in the central nervous system","volume":"78","author":"Meftahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Razi Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menezes, L.F.S., Sabi\u00e1 J\u00fanior, E.F., Tibery, D.V., Carneiro, L. dos A., Schwartz, E.F., 2020. Epilepsy-Related Voltage-Gated Sodium Channelopathies: A Review. Front. Pharmacol. 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPHAR.2020.01276.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01276"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2005.02.003","article-title":"Kv2.1: a voltage-gated K+ channel critical to dynamic control of neuronal excitability","volume":"26","author":"Misonou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4161\/chan.3.1.7655","article-title":"Regulation of intrinsic excitability in hippocampal neurons by activity-dependent modulation of the KV2.1 potassium channel","volume":"3","author":"Mohapatra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Channels (Austin)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2020.107230","article-title":"The role of L-type calcium channels in neuronal excitability and aging","volume":"173","author":"Moore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64123-6.00017-5","article-title":"Neuroinflammation","volume":"175","author":"Mukhara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0","article-title":"Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies","volume":"390","author":"Ng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00058","article-title":"Altered brain excitability and increased anxiety in mice with experimental colitis: consideration of hyperalgesia and sex differences","volume":"12","author":"Nyuyki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0953-816X.2004.03272.x","article-title":"Differential targeting of the L-type Ca2+ channel alpha 1C (CaV1.2) to synaptic and extrasynaptic compartments in hippocampal neurons","volume":"19","author":"Obermair","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/861231","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha: a link between neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity","volume":"2014","author":"Olmos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7283","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00510-06","article-title":"NF-\u03baB\/rel regulates inhibitory and excitatory neuronal function and synaptic plasticity","volume":"26","author":"O\u2019Mahony","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palacio, S., Chevaleyre, V., Brann, D.H., Murray, K.D., Piskorowski, R.A., Trimmer, J.S., 2017. Heterogeneity in Kv2 Channel Expression Shapes Action Potential Characteristics and Firing Patterns in CA1 versus CA2 Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons. eNeuro 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/ENEURO.0267-17.2017.","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0267-17.2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.12.055","article-title":"Oxidative stress induced by cumene hydroperoxide evokes changes in neuronal excitability of rat motor cortex neurons","volume":"289","author":"Pardillo-D\u00edaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-04105-4","article-title":"The subventricular zone neurogenic niche provides adult born functional neurons to repair cortical brain injuries in response to diterpenoid therapy","volume":"16","author":"Pardillo-D\u00edaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.026377","article-title":"Human, rat and chicken small intestinal Na+ - Cl- -creatine transporter: functional, molecular characterization and localization","volume":"545","author":"Peral","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2021.754393","article-title":"Refinement of active and passive membrane properties of layer V pyramidal neurons in rat primary motor cortex during postnatal development","volume":"14","author":"Perez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)63020-9","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory cytokines and their effects in the dentate gyrus","volume":"163","author":"Pickering","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19501","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c04807","article-title":"Walnut-derived peptide improves cognitive impairment in colitis mice induced by dextran sodium sulfate via the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA)","volume":"71","author":"Qi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20219","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c05176","article-title":"Beneficial effects of apple polyphenol extract and time-restricted feeding on ulcerative colitis and accompanying depression-like behaviors are correlated with gut-brain axis modulation","volume":"73","author":"Qian","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.04.007","article-title":"Additive anticonvulsant effects of creatine supplementation and physical exercise against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures","volume":"55","author":"Rambo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.02.025","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 3 activation impairs excitability and synaptic activity via TRIF signalling in immature rat and human neurons","volume":"135","author":"Ritchie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00166","article-title":"Differential neuroinflammatory response in male and female mice: a role for BDNF","volume":"12","author":"Rossetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00082.2009","article-title":"Anatomical and electrophysiological comparison of CA1 pyramidal neurons of the rat and mouse","volume":"102","author":"Routh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2008.04.008","article-title":"Neuromodulatory effect of creatine on extracellular action potentials in rat hippocampus: Role of NMDA receptors","volume":"53","author":"Royes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2018.03.011","article-title":"Progress in understanding and treating SCN2A-mediated disorders","volume":"41","author":"Sanders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.11.017","article-title":"Maternal creatine supplementation affects the morpho-functional development of hippocampal neurons in rat offspring","volume":"312","author":"Sartini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092014","article-title":"Maternal creatine supplementation positively affects male rat hippocampal synaptic plasticity in adult offspring","volume":"11","author":"Sartini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126537","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial creatine transporter SLC6A8 dysregulation in inflammation and in response to adherent invasive E. coli infection","volume":"25","author":"Sawant","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00145","article-title":"Scn2a haploinsufficiency in mice suppresses hippocampal neuronal excitability, excitatory synaptic drive, and long-term potentiation, and spatial learning and memory","volume":"12","author":"Shin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113589","article-title":"Sex-specific effects of chronic creatine supplementation on hippocampal-mediated spatial cognition in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Snow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101503","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and metabolic alterations in the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies","volume":"72","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7283","DOI":"10.1039\/D5FO01620G","article-title":"Creatine differently prevents chronic colitis-induced motor deficits, anxiety and depressive behaviors, neuroinflammation, and microglial activation in male and female rats","volume":"16","author":"Sotelo-Parrilla","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202400837R","article-title":"Motor, mood, and memory impairments persist during remission periods in chronic colitis and are influenced by neuroinflammation and sex","volume":"38","author":"Sotelo-Parrilla","year":"2024","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/19336950.2020.1807851","article-title":"Loss of Cav1.2 channels impairs hippocampal theta burst stimulation-induced long-term potentiation","volume":"14","author":"Sridharan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Channels (Austin)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50192-2","article-title":"Impaired neurocognitive and psychomotor performance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"9","author":"Tadin Hadjina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13419","article-title":"The impact of neuroinflammation on neuronal integrity","volume":"327","author":"Tastan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21567","article-title":"Ultrastructural evidence for pre- and postsynaptic localization of Cav1.2 L-type Ca2+ channels in the rat hippocampus","volume":"506","author":"Tippens","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.226985","article-title":"Glutamate modulates the firing rate in oculomotor nucleus motoneurons as a function of the recruitment threshold current","volume":"590","author":"Torres-Torrelo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3113-14.2015","article-title":"Creatine supplementation enhances corticomotor excitability and cognitive performance during oxygen deprivation","volume":"35","author":"Turner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a005736","article-title":"Homeostatic synaptic plasticity: local and global mechanisms for stabilizing neuronal function","volume":"4","author":"Turrigiano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0490","article-title":"Peripheral inflammation triggering central anxiety through the hippocampal glutamate metabolized receptor 1","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2017.044","article-title":"Chemically induced mouse models of acute and chronic intestinal inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Wirtz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6199","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S383853","article-title":"Bergaptol alleviates lps-induced neuroinflammation, neurological damage and cognitive impairment via regulating the JAK2\/STAT3\/p65 pathway","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, X. miao, Shi, C. na, Liu, K., Hu, X. yi, He, Q. li, Yao, H., Fan, D., Ma, D. qing, Yang, J. jun, Shen, J. chun, Ji, M. huo, 2025. Decreased excitatory and increased inhibitory transmission in the hippocampal CA1 drive neuroinflammation-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Brain Behav. Immun. 128, 416\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.04.027.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.04.027"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.08.004","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 triggers rapid membrane insertion of Ca2+ permeable AMPA receptors into adult motor neurons and enhances their susceptibility to slow excitotoxic injury","volume":"238","author":"Yin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156057","article-title":"Vinegar-processed Schisandra Chinensis enhanced therapeutic effects on colitis-induced depression through tryptophan metabolism","volume":"135","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113054","article-title":"Integrative analysis revealed novel putative therapeutic targets of ulcerative colitis: Role of creatine","volume":"142","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S088915912600677X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S088915912600677X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:35:30Z","timestamp":1791653730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S088915912600677X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":104,"alternative-id":["S088915912600677X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-1591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-1591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Modulating effects of creatine prevent sex-dependent hippocampal neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, and electrophysiological dysfunction induced by chronic colitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106929","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106929"}}