{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:49:14Z","timestamp":1791654554831,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"US Department of War","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-22-1-0384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-22-1-0384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"US Department of War","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-22-1-0383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-22-1-0383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007493","name":"University of Colorado Boulder","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS132672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS132672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:16:16Z","timestamp":1785424576000},"page":"106937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Microglia regulate sleep and thermoregulatory stability"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Nikolaas","family":"Steele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant S.","family":"Mannino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tabitha R.F.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey L.","family":"Beauregard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madison","family":"Szewczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean M.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Opp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9034-3159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel K.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0005","series-title":"Physiology","author":"Patel","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2003.09.004","article-title":"Sleep and synaptic homeostasis: a hypothesis","volume":"62","author":"Tononi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e216","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060216","article-title":"Is sleep essential?","volume":"6","author":"Cirelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.05.002","article-title":"Sleep function and synaptic homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Tononi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858413518152","article-title":"NREM and REM sleep: Complementary Roles in Recovery after Wakefulness","volume":"20","author":"Vyazovskiy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26929","article-title":"Insomnia: definition, prevalence, etiology, and consequences","volume":"3","author":"Roth","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E53","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd20.220400","article-title":"Prevalence and Geographic patterns of Self-Reported short sleep Duration among US adults, 2020","volume":"20","author":"Pankowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prev. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.148","article-title":"Sleep Health: Reciprocal Regulation of sleep and Innate Immunity","volume":"42","author":"Irwin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30450-2","article-title":"Implications of sleep disturbance and inflammation for Alzheimer's disease dementia","volume":"18","author":"Irwin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/8.1.11","article-title":"Effect of sleep disruption on sleep, performance, and mood","volume":"8","author":"Bonnet","year":"1985","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/25.3.268","article-title":"The effect of sleep fragmentation on daytime function","volume":"25","author":"Stepanski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26668","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation, sleep deprivation, or both","volume":"2","author":"Stepanski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/7.1.18","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness","volume":"7","author":"Stepanski","year":"1984","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1062","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00049.2015","article-title":"Acute sleep fragmentation induces tissue-specific changes in cytokine gene expression and increases serum corticosterone concentration","volume":"308","author":"Dumaine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11081241","article-title":"Microglia are necessary to regulate sleep after an immune challenge","author":"Rowe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06634.x","article-title":"Role of interleukin-6 in stress, sleep, and fatigue","volume":"1261","author":"Rohleder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.247","article-title":"Sleep disorders and inflammatory disease activity: chicken or the egg?","volume":"110","author":"Parekh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.09.005","article-title":"The human sleep-wake cycle reconsidered from a thermoregulatory point of view","volume":"90","author":"Krauchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0095","series-title":"The Diencephalon and Sleep","first-page":"111","article-title":"State-dependent neurophysiology of the basal forebrain: Relationship to sleep, arousal, and thermoregulatory function","author":"Szymusiak","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63912-7.00020-5","article-title":"Body temperature and sleep","volume":"156","author":"Szymusiak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1177\/074873099129000885","article-title":"Thermoregulatory model of sleep control: losing the heat memory","volume":"14","author":"Nakao","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Rhythms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1417.027","article-title":"Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and arousal","volume":"1129","author":"Szymusiak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm315","article-title":"Skin deep: enhanced sleep depth by cutaneous temperature manipulation","volume":"131","author":"Raymann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0120","series-title":"Thermoregulation and Sleep: Closely Linked but Separable. in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol 813; Thermoregulation","first-page":"281","author":"Krueger","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-008-0889-1","article-title":"Effects of low ambient temperature on heart rate variability during sleep in humans","volume":"105","author":"Okamoto-Mizuno","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1113\/EP089467","article-title":"Short-term sleep deprivation and human thermoregulatory function during thermal challenges","volume":"106","author":"Keramidas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0135","article-title":"Polysomnographic evidence of Enhanced sleep Quality with Adaptive thermal Regulation","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)60068-0","article-title":"Sleep as an adaptation for energy conservation functionally related to hibernation and shallow torpor","volume":"53","author":"Walker","year":"1980","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)91506-7","article-title":"Preoptic\/anterior hypothalamic warming increases EEG delta frequency activity within non-rapid eye movement sleep","volume":"667","author":"McGinty","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0150","first-page":"77","article-title":"Preoptic area sleep-regulating mechanisms","volume":"139","author":"Szymusiak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Ital. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.03.013","article-title":"Hypothalamic control of sleep","volume":"8","author":"Szymusiak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-5-10","article-title":"Increased systemic and brain cytokine production and neuroinflammation by endotoxin following ethanol treatment","volume":"5","author":"Qin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12576-024-00929-0","article-title":"Microglia mediate the increase in slow-wave sleep associated with high ambient temperature","volume":"74","author":"Hatori","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2007.03.003","article-title":"Sleep and cytokines","volume":"2","author":"Krueger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2576","article-title":"How (and why) the immune system makes us sleep","volume":"10","author":"Imeri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.01.002","article-title":"Cytokines and sleep","volume":"9","author":"Opp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.02.008","article-title":"Effects of i.c.v. administration of interleukin-1 on sleep and body temperature of interleukin-6-deficient mice","volume":"153","author":"Olivadoti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23523","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury-induced neuronal damage in the somatosensory cortex causes formation of rod-shaped microglia that promote astrogliosis and persistent neuroinflammation","volume":"66","author":"Witcher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0195","article-title":"Microglia are Necessary to Regulate sleep after an Immune Challenge","volume":"11","author":"Rowe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology (basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0200","first-page":"284","article-title":"Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Inhibition Transiently Attenuated the Peripheral Immune Response to Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"4","author":"Giordano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurotrauma Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2015.39.4.545","article-title":"The Relationship between sleep Disturbance and Functional Status in Mild Stroke patients","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000412","article-title":"Improving bioscience research reporting: the ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research","volume":"8","author":"Kilkenny","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbscr.2025.100115","article-title":"Microglial depletion and repopulation differentially modulate sleep and inflammation in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury","volume":"18","author":"Giordano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbscr.2025.100127","article-title":"Impacts of traumatic brain injury severity and sex on sleep architecture, duration, and fragmentation","author":"Mannino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70996-1","article-title":"The importance of including both sexes in preclinical sleep studies and analyses","author":"Mannino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1089\/neur.2025.0050","article-title":"Sleep Fragmentation as a Diagnostic Biomarker of Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"6","author":"Mannino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurotrauma Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113242","article-title":"Intracerebral hemorrhage in the mouse altered sleep-wake patterns and activated microglia","volume":"327","author":"Giordano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24771","article-title":"Experimental diffuse brain injury and a model of Alzheimer's disease exhibit disease-specific changes in sleep and incongruous peripheral inflammation","volume":"99","author":"Saber","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-7-14","article-title":"Assessment of a non-invasive high-throughput classifier for behaviours associated with sleep and wake in mice","volume":"7","author":"Donohue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0250","series-title":"Sleep Stats Data Explorer","author":"Ouellette","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crneur.2026.100156","article-title":"A tool for high-throughput quantification of sleep-wake transitions in data from noninvasive piezoelectric cage systems","author":"Mannino","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad057","article-title":"Solriamfetol improves chronic sleep fragmentation-induced increases in sleep propensity and ameliorates explicit memory in male mice","volume":"46","author":"Puech","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0265","series-title":"Generalized linear mixed models: Modern concepts, methods, and applications","author":"Stroup","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0270","series-title":"Extending the linear model with R: Generalized linear, mixed effects and nonparametric regression models","author":"Faraway","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066","article-title":"glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalized linear mixed modeling","volume":"9","author":"Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"The R Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0280","series-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"Team RC","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1080\/0266476042000214501","article-title":"Beta regression for modelling rates and proportions","volume":"31","author":"Ferrari","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0290","first-page":"126","author":"Hilbe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Negative Binomial Regression. Modeling Count Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0295","article-title":"Acute peripheral inflammation and post-traumatic sleep differ between sexes after experimental diffuse brain injury","author":"Saber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00046.2019","article-title":"Brain mechanisms of insomnia: new perspectives on causes and consequences","volume":"101","author":"Van Someren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.1.322","article-title":"The hypocretins: hypothalamus-specific peptides with neuroexcitatory activity","volume":"95","author":"de Lecea","year":"1998","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80949-6","article-title":"Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior","volume":"92","author":"Sakurai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05826.x","article-title":"The role of cytokines in physiological sleep regulation","volume":"933","author":"Krueger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07630.x","article-title":"Sex differences in microglial colonization of the developing rat brain","volume":"120","author":"Schwarz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2019.100748","article-title":"Emerging roles for hypothalamic microglia as regulators of physiological homeostasis","volume":"54","author":"Rosin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5238","article-title":"Sex differences in thermal, stress, and Inflammatory responses to Minocycline Administration in Rats with Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"35","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.06.001","article-title":"Microglia along sex lines: from brain colonization, maturation and function, to implication in neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"94","author":"Bordeleau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0251-6","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic outcomes and inflammatory responses in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"12","author":"Mirza","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00336","article-title":"The Temperature Dependence of sleep","volume":"13","author":"Harding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12968","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor enhances the sleep-like state and electrical stimulation induces a wake-like state in co-cultures of neurons and glia","volume":"42","author":"Jewett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889159126006859?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889159126006859?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:20:16Z","timestamp":1791652816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889159126006859"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S0889159126006859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-1591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-1591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Microglia regulate sleep and thermoregulatory stability","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106937","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106937"}}