{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:10:06Z","timestamp":1790651406249,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]],"date-time":"2020-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004590","name":"Helse Midt-Norge","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T11:39:47Z","timestamp":1585395587000},"page":"100067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["MCP-1 is increased in patients with CFS and FM, whilst several other immune markers are significantly lower than healthy controls"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1564-5779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Groven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egil Andreas","family":"Fors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1074-5199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astrid Kamilla","family":"Stunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solveig Kl\u00e6bo","family":"Reitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib1","series-title":"Effect of Cancer on Quality of Life","first-page":"293","article-title":"Pain assessment in cancer","author":"Cleeland","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.2174\/157340009789542105","article-title":"Depression has a strong relationship to alterations in the immune, endocrine and neural system","volume":"5","author":"Hestad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(02)00526-2","article-title":"The Norwegian brief pain inventory questionnaire: translation and validation in cancer pain patients","volume":"24","author":"Klepstad","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pain Symptom Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S128508","article-title":"Evidence of both systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation in fibromyalgia patients, as assessed by a multiplex protein panel applied to the cerebrospinal fluid and to plasma","volume":"10","author":"Backryd","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6890-12-25","article-title":"Unique immunologic patterns in fibromyalgia","volume":"12","author":"Behm","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00296-3","article-title":"The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: an updated literature review","volume":"52","author":"Bjelland","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.07.004","article-title":"Chronic fatigue syndrome and circulating cytokines: a systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Blundell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1159\/000341664","article-title":"Inflammatory\/stress feedback dysregulation in women with fibromyalgia","volume":"19","author":"Bote","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.04.012","article-title":"A\u00a0formal analysis of cytokine networks in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Broderick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(93)90081-P","article-title":"Development of a fatigue scale","volume":"37","author":"Chalder","year":"1993","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib16","first-page":"414","article-title":"Perspectives on fatigue from the study of chronic fatigue syndrome and related conditions","volume":"2","author":"Clauw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharm. Manag. PM R"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.05.010","article-title":"The role of monocyte chemoattractant protein MCP1\/CCL2 in neuroinflammatory diseases","volume":"224","author":"Conductier","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-019-04251-6","article-title":"Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and treatment of fibromyalgia","volume":"39","author":"Coskun Benlidayi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2008.0027","article-title":"Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1): an overview","volume":"29","author":"Deshmane","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib21","first-page":"3985154","article-title":"Plasma cytokine levels in fibromyalgia and their response to 15 Weeks of progressive resistance exercise or relaxation therapy","author":"Ernberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20170009","article-title":"Monocyte subtypes and the CCR2 chemokine receptor in cardiovascular disease","volume":"131","author":"Fran\u00e7a","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00009","article-title":"The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group","volume":"121","author":"Fukuda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2018.1493747","article-title":"Association between cytokines and psychiatric symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome and healthy controls","volume":"72","author":"Groven","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nord. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.06.010","article-title":"Patients with Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome show increased hsCRP compared to healthy controls","author":"Groven","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-3-156","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokine levels in fibromyalgia patients are independent of body mass index","volume":"3","author":"Hernandez","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1400121","article-title":"Distinct plasma immune signatures in ME\/CFS are present early in the course of illness","volume":"1","author":"Hornig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22639","article-title":"Gene expression factor Analysis to differentiate pathways linked to fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and depression in a diverse patient sample","volume":"68","author":"Iacob","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib30","series-title":"Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness","author":"IOM (Institute of Medicine)","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2019.100028","volume":"2","author":"Jonsj\u00f6","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, & Immunity \u2013 Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2011.02405.x","article-title":"Gene expression alterations at baseline and following moderate exercise in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia Syndrome","volume":"271","author":"Light","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(97)00291-2","article-title":"Fatigue in the general Norwegian population: normative data and associations","volume":"45","author":"Loge","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00515-9","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review and critical evaluation of the immunology of chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Lyall","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.03.031","article-title":"Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), and Chronic Fatigue (CF) are distinguished accurately: results of supervised learning techniques applied on clinical and inflammatory data","volume":"200","author":"Maes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-019-0388-6","article-title":"Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome: how could the illness develop?","volume":"34","author":"Morris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib39","series-title":"Fundamental Immunology","first-page":"804","article-title":"Chemokines","author":"Murphy","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00379-09","article-title":"Cytokines across the night in chronic fatigue syndrome with and without fibromyalgia","volume":"17","author":"Nakamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S111","DOI":"10.33549\/10.33549\/physiolres.931915","article-title":"Proinflammatory status, genetics and atherosclerosis","volume":"58","author":"Poledne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00586","article-title":"Age and age-related diseases: role of inflammation triggers and cytokines","volume":"9","author":"Rea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2014.01.009","article-title":"Fibromyalgia and cytokines","volume":"161","author":"Rodriguez-Pinto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.159","article-title":"Plasma cytokine profiles in females with irritable bowel syndrome and extra-intestinal co-morbidity","volume":"105","author":"Scully","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-019-02805-5","article-title":"Possible molecular mediators involved and mechanistic insight into fibromyalgia and associated Co-morbidities","volume":"44","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00222.2006","article-title":"MCP-1 enhances excitability of nociceptive neurons in chronically compressed dorsal root ganglia","volume":"96","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-12-245","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: cytokines in fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Uceyler","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskel. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330203","article-title":"The American college of rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Report of the multicenter criteria committee","volume":"33","author":"Wolfe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20140","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia and measurement of symptom severity","volume":"62","author":"Wolfe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100594","article-title":"Fibromyalgia criteria and severity scales for clinical and epidemiological studies: a modification of the ACR Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia","volume":"38","author":"Wolfe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012","article-title":"2016 Revisions to the 2010\/2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria","volume":"46","author":"Wolfe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.12.025","article-title":"Plasma cytokine expression in adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Wyller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-1948-6","article-title":"The clinical value of cytokines in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.3181\/0712-RM-328","article-title":"High plasma levels of MCP-1 and eotaxin provide evidence for an immunological basis of fibromyalgia","volume":"233","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1159\/000369149","article-title":"Effects of MCP-1 inhibition by bindarit therapy in a rat model of polycystic kidney disease","volume":"129","author":"Zoja","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephron"}],"container-title":["Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666354620300326?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666354620300326?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T22:20:38Z","timestamp":1762986038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666354620300326"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S2666354620300326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-3546"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-3546","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"MCP-1 is increased in patients with CFS and FM, whilst several other immune markers are significantly lower than healthy controls","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100067","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100067"}}