{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T16:47:38Z","timestamp":1793810858970,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007123","name":"Stanley Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007123","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009670","name":"National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009670","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012127","name":"Augusta University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012127","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain, Behavior, &amp; Immunity - Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T02:53:48Z","timestamp":1600484028000},"page":"100148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Psychosis as an adverse effect of antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Norah","family":"Essali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian J.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl224","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the tetracyclines including glycylcyclines","volume":"58","author":"Agwuh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib2","first-page":"194","article-title":"Viral antibodies and interferon in acute psychiatric disorders","volume":"48","author":"Ahokas","year":"1987","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.33.10.1704","article-title":"Structure-epileptogenicity relationship of quinolones with special reference to their interaction with gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor sites","volume":"33","author":"Akahane","year":"1989","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703063","article-title":"Modulation by bicuculline and penicillin of the block by t-butyl-bicyclo-phosphorothionate (TBPS) of GABAA-receptor mediated Cl\u2212-current responses in rat striatal neurones","volume":"129","author":"Behrends","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719001995","article-title":"An update on the efficacy of anti- inflammatory agents for patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"\u00c7akici","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1097\/PRA.0000000000000105","article-title":"Beyond urinary tract infections (UTIs) and delirium: a systematic review of urinary tract infections and neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"21","author":"Chae","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Psychiatr. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.2.427","article-title":"Effects of some excitatory amino acid antagonists and drugs enhancing gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmission on pefloxacin-induced seizures in DBA\/2 mice","volume":"41","author":"De Sarro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.08.014","article-title":"Clarithromycin-induced neurotoxicity in adults","volume":"18","author":"Di Poggio","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.26.4.515","article-title":"Minocycline for short-term neuroprotection","volume":"26","author":"Elewa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.06.002","article-title":"Psychosis as an adverse effect of monoclonal antibody immunotherapy","volume":"81","author":"Essali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.04.012","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of minocycline and progesterone on white matter injury after focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"64","author":"Faheem","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001925","article-title":"Associations between Chlamydophila infections, schizophrenia and risk of HLA-A10","volume":"12","author":"Fellerhoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12139","article-title":"Minocycline: far beyond an antibiotic","volume":"169","author":"Garrido-Mesa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13m08469","article-title":"Urinary tract infections in acute relapse of psychosis","volume":"75","author":"Graham","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12788\/acp.0002","article-title":"Acutely ill psychiatric inpatients and recent antimicrobial exposure","author":"Kehoe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3428","article-title":"A\u00a0nationwide study in Denmark of the association between treated infections and the subsequent risk of treated mental disorders in children and adolescents","volume":"76","author":"Kohler-Forsberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.3109\/15622971003653246","article-title":"The association of infectious agents and schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"Krause","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e3182334b35","article-title":"Metronidazole-induced central nervous system toxicity: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Kuriyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.02.018","article-title":"Recurrent urinary tract infections in acute psychosis","volume":"164","author":"Laney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.12m08050","article-title":"A\u00a0prevalence study of urinary tract infections in acute relapse of schizophrenia","volume":"73","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu159","article-title":"Meta-analysis of anti-toxoplasma gondii IgM antibodies in acute psychosis","volume":"41","author":"Monroe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000150","article-title":"Antibiotic-associated psychosis during treatment of urinary tract infections: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Mostafa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1297-1","article-title":"Comorbidity of schizophrenia and infection: a population-based cohort study","volume":"51","author":"Nielsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatr. Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0622-3","article-title":"A\u00a0large-scale genomic investigation of susceptibility to infection and its association with mental disorders in the Danish population","volume":"9","author":"Nudel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00007-10","article-title":"Penetration of drugs through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid\/blood-brain barrier for treatment of central nervous system infections","volume":"23","author":"Nau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)01123-8","article-title":"Aminoglycoside neurotoxicity involves NMDA receptor activation","volume":"815","author":"Segal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)90615-7","article-title":"Viral antibodies in recent onset, nonorganic psychoses: correspondence with symptomatic severity","volume":"36","author":"Srikanth","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15769","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.26.15769","article-title":"Tetracyclines inhibit microglial activation and are neuroprotective in global brain ischemia","volume":"95","author":"Yrj\u00e4nheikki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-017-0498-z","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric effects of antimicrobial agents","volume":"37","author":"Zareifopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Drug Invest."}],"container-title":["Brain, Behavior, &amp; Immunity - Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666354620301137?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666354620301137?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T22:24:42Z","timestamp":1762986282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666354620301137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S2666354620301137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-3546"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-3546","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Psychosis as an adverse effect of antibiotics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100148","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100148"}}