{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T15:51:38Z","timestamp":1779292298173,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,11]],"date-time":"2021-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain, Behavior, &amp; Immunity - Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T02:53:19Z","timestamp":1631587999000},"page":"100346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Characterization of the gut microbiota among Veterans with unique military-related exposures and high prevalence of chronic health conditions: A United States-Veteran Microbiome Project (US-VMP) study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7768-8868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maggie A.","family":"Stanislawski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5584-6212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Stamper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly A.","family":"Stearns-Yoder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Hoisington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana P.","family":"Brostow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeri E.","family":"Forster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teodor T.","family":"Postolache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3920-5575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Lowry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.03.024","article-title":"Prevention of gut leakiness by a probiotic treatment leads to attenuated HPA response to an acute psychological stress in rats","volume":"37","author":"Ait-Belgnaoui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.05.038","article-title":"Possible association of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the gut microbiota of patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"202","author":"Aizawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00191-16","article-title":"Deblur rapidly resolves single-nucleotide community sequence patterns","volume":"2","author":"Amir","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00199-16","article-title":"Correcting for microbial blooms in fecal samples during room-temperature shipping","volume":"2","author":"Amir","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1177\/2168479017696266","article-title":"Mobile medical applications for dosage recommendation, drug adverse reaction, and drug interaction: review and comparison","volume":"51","author":"Apidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Inf. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Probiotic species in the modulation of gut microbiota: an overview","author":"Azad","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5756","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1420815112","article-title":"Continental-scale distributions of dust-associated bacteria and fungi","volume":"112","author":"Barber\u00e1n","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004","article-title":"An inventory for measuring depression","author":"Beck","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Roy. Stat. Soc. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-014-0189-7","article-title":"Intestinal permeability \u2013 a new target for disease prevention and therapy","volume":"14","author":"Bischoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3181a66356","article-title":"Reliability and predictive validity of the Ohio State University TBI identification method with prisoners","volume":"24","author":"Bogner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Head Trauma Rehab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00208-19","article-title":"Rapidly processed stool swabs approximate stool microbiota profiles","volume":"4","author":"Bokulich","year":"2019","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6846.160","article-title":"Validating the SF-36 health survey questionnaire: new outcome measure for primary care","volume":"305","author":"Brazier","year":"1992","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3962-1","article-title":"The obesity epidemic in the veterans health administration: prevalence among key populations of women and men veterans","volume":"32","author":"Breland","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00400","article-title":"Military-related exposures, social determinants of health, and dysbiosis: the United States-veteran microbiome project (US-VMP)","volume":"8","author":"Brenner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318427","article-title":"Leaky gut: mechanisms, measurement and clinical implications in humans","volume":"68","author":"Camilleri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.8","article-title":"Ultra-high-throughput microbial community analysis on the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq platforms","volume":"6","author":"Caporaso","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-032315-021353","article-title":"Using electronic health records for population health research: a review of methods and applications","volume":"37","author":"Casey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D459","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1103","article-title":"The MetaCyc database of metabolic pathways and enzymes and the BioCyc collection of Pathway\/Genome Databases","volume":"42","author":"Caspi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5486","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i30.5486","article-title":"Influence of gut microbiota on neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"23","author":"Cenit","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00034","article-title":"Systematic review of gut microbiota and major depression","volume":"10","author":"Cheung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.09.026","article-title":"Gut microbiota composition in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives","volume":"75","author":"Coello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpv047","article-title":"State of the art review: depression, stress, anxiety, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"28","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib93","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib22","first-page":"134","article-title":"Inflammatory markers in recent onset psychosis and chronic schizophrenia","volume":"42","author":"Dickerson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.200","article-title":"Brain\u2013gut\u2013microbiota axis \u2014 mood, metabolism and behaviour. 2","volume":"14","author":"Dinan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib24","series-title":"PICRUSt2: an Improved and Extensible Approach for Metagenome Inference","author":"Douglas","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0548-6","article-title":"PICRUSt2 for prediction of metagenome functions. 6","volume":"38","author":"Douglas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2009.01931.x","article-title":"The role of pH in determining the species composition of the human colonic microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Duncan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2019.1580686","article-title":"The association between PTSD and cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in male veterans of the Iraq\/Afghanistan conflicts: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Dyball","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib28","first-page":"19","article-title":"Gut microbiota and diet in patients with different glucose tolerance","volume":"8","author":"Egshatyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.12.007","article-title":"The gut microbiome composition associates with bipolar disorder and illness severity","volume":"87","author":"Evans","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad3503","article-title":"Population-level analysis of gut microbiome variation","volume":"352","author":"Falony","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib32","series-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders: Scid-5-Cv: Clinician Version","author":"First","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1890","article-title":"Interaction between atypical antipsychotics and the gut microbiome in a bipolar disease cohort","volume":"37","author":"Flowers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2214","article-title":"Effects of atypical antipsychotic treatment and resistant starch supplementation on gut microbiome composition in a cohort of patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia","volume":"39","author":"Flowers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041024","article-title":"Microbiota-orientated treatments for major depression and schizophrenia. 4","volume":"12","author":"Fond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15766","article-title":"Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment signatures in the human gut microbiota. 7581","volume":"528","author":"Forslund","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.13442","article-title":"Microbiota-driven transcriptional changes in prefrontal cortex override genetic differences in social behavior","volume":"5","author":"Gacias","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2019.00481","article-title":"The Effect of Veterans Health Administration Coverage on Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence: the effect of the Veterans Health Administration's low-cost drug coverage on cost-related medication nonadherence among people participating in the system","volume":"39","author":"Gaffney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Aff."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau5812","article-title":"The gut microbiota at the intersection of diet and human health","volume":"362","author":"Gentile","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.3","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients: comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. 12","volume":"21","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1406584","article-title":"Low dietary fiber intake increases Collinsella abundance in the gut microbiota of overweight and obese pregnant women","volume":"9","author":"Gomez-Arango","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut Microb."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib42","series-title":"Prescription Drug Use Among Adults Aged 40\u201379 in the United States and Canada. 347","author":"Hales","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2020.104023","article-title":"Cardiovascular diseases and metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity: what is the role of inflammatory responses? A systematic review","volume":"131","author":"Hamjane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900752","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201900752","article-title":"Gut microbiota changes in patients with bipolar depression","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234","article-title":"Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome","volume":"486","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310376","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors affect the gut microbiome","volume":"65","author":"Imhann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310861","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors alter the composition of the gut microbiota","volume":"65","author":"Jackson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05184-7","article-title":"Gut microbiota associations with common diseases and prescription medications in a population-based cohort","volume":"9","author":"Jackson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.179","article-title":"Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and proton pump inhibitor therapy: a meta-analysis","volume":"107","author":"Janarthanan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00021","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00021-18","article-title":"Phylogenetic placement of exact amplicon sequences improves associations with clinical information","volume":"3","author":"Janssen","year":"2018","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2015.04.016","article-title":"Intestinal Blautia is associated with reduced death from graft-versus-host disease","volume":"21","author":"Jenq","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00900-1","article-title":"The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"8","author":"Jie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3109\/10401230309085675","article-title":"The diverse roles of anticonvulsants in bipolar disorders","volume":"15","author":"Ketter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib98","series-title":"The National Health Interview Survey Design, 1974-84, and Procedures, 1975-83","author":"Kovar","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254529","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of microbial interaction between humans and the indoor environment","volume":"345","author":"Lax","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.9.1175","article-title":"Off-label use of antipsychotic medications in the department of veterans Affairs health care system","volume":"60","author":"Leslie","year":"2009","journal-title":"PS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd14.170230","article-title":"Prevalence of and trends in diabetes among veterans, United States, 2005\u20132014","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","article-title":"The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories","volume":"33","author":"Lovibond","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-016-0100-5","article-title":"The microbiota, immunoregulation, and mental health: implications for public health","volume":"3","author":"Lowry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Envir Health Rpt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2010.133","article-title":"UniFrac: an effective distance metric for microbial community comparison","volume":"5","author":"Lozupone","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27181","article-title":"Suicide among veterans with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"63","author":"Lund","year":"2021","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25979","article-title":"Extensive impact of non-antibiotic drugs on human gut bacteria","volume":"555","author":"Maier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib62","article-title":"Analysis of composition of microbiomes: a novel method for studying microbial composition","volume":"26","author":"Mandal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol. Health Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.10.005","article-title":"The human microbiome and obesity: moving beyond associations","volume":"22","author":"Maruvada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib99","first-page":"389","article-title":"Selection of Subsets of Regression Variables","volume":"147","author":"Miller","year":"1984","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Roy. Stat. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib96","series-title":"Insomnia: Psychological Assessment and Management","author":"Morin","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0596-8204","article-title":"Dietary inflammatory index and its association with the risk of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Namazi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.01.013","article-title":"Overview and systematic review of studies of microbiome in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"99","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v12.i4.110","article-title":"Role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"12","author":"Novakovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.405","article-title":"The effect of hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection on in-hospital mortality","volume":"170","author":"Oake","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib69","series-title":"Vegan: Community Ecology Package","author":"Oksanen","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib70","series-title":"R: the R Project for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib71","first-page":"14","article-title":"Reducing inappropriate proton pump inhibitors use for stress ulcer prophylaxis in hospitalized patients: systematic review of de-implementation studies","author":"Orelio","year":"2021","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-019-0101-x","article-title":"Blautia genus associated with visceral fat accumulation in adults 20\u201376 years of age. 1","volume":"5","author":"Ozato","year":"2019","journal-title":"npj Biofilms and Microbiomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00925","article-title":"Bifidobacteria and their role as members of the human gut microbiota","volume":"7","author":"O'Callaghan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12682","article-title":"A\u00a0step ahead: exploring the gut microbiota in inpatients with bipolar disorder during a depressive episode","volume":"21","author":"Painold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2005.8.113","article-title":"Comparison of different fibers for in vitro production of short chain fatty acids by intestinal microflora","volume":"8","author":"Pylkas","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Med. Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507598","article-title":"Trial of prazosin for post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans","volume":"378","author":"Raskind","year":"2018","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0350-x","article-title":"Causal relationships among the gut microbiome, short-chain fatty acids and metabolic diseases","volume":"51","author":"Sanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00458","article-title":"Cohabiting family members share microbiota with one another and with their dogs","volume":"2","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib80","series-title":"Invisible Wounds of War: Psychological and Cognitive Injuries, Their Consequences, and Services to Assist Recovery","author":"Tanielian","year":"2008"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2019.1582578","article-title":"Associations among diet, the gastrointestinal microbiota, and negative emotional states in adults","volume":"23","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.08.018","article-title":"The Prevotella copri complex comprises four distinct clades underrepresented in westernized populations","volume":"26","author":"Tett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07540","article-title":"A\u00a0core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins","volume":"457","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6ra14","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3000322","article-title":"The effect of diet on the human gut microbiome: a metagenomic analysis in humanized gnotobiotic mice","volume":"1","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-019-00093-w","article-title":"Metformin and gut microbiota: their interactions and their impact on diabetes","volume":"18","author":"Vallianou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hormones (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib86","series-title":"Python 3 Reference Manual","author":"Van Rossum","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12976","article-title":"Remitted affective disorders and high familial risk of affective disorders associate with aberrant intestinal microbiota","volume":"139","author":"Vinberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.3390\/nu3100858","article-title":"Regulation of inflammation by short chain fatty acids","volume":"3","author":"Vinolo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-304066","article-title":"Functional bowel symptoms in quiescent inflammatory bowel diseases: role of epithelial barrier disruption and low-grade inflammation","volume":"63","author":"Vivinus-N\u00e9bot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib90","article-title":"Of bowels, brain and behavior: a role for the gut microbiota in psychiatric comorbidities in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Wilmes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro Gastroenterol. Motil."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.46","article-title":"Inflammasome signaling affects anxiety-and depressive-like behavior and gut microbiome composition","volume":"21","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.13875","article-title":"Oral, capsulized, frozen fecal microbiota transplantation for relapsing Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"312","author":"Youngster","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Med. Assoc."}],"container-title":["Brain, Behavior, &amp; Immunity - Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666354621001496?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666354621001496?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T22:24:09Z","timestamp":1762986249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666354621001496"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":97,"alternative-id":["S2666354621001496"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-3546"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-3546","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Characterization of the gut microbiota among Veterans with unique military-related exposures and high prevalence of chronic health conditions: A United States-Veteran Microbiome Project (US-VMP) study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100346","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100346"}}