{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T21:55:09Z","timestamp":1788299709926,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"EPSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/Y000420\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/Y000420\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020668","name":"European Research Executive Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018694","name":"European Commission Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101086453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101086453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018694","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T17:56:12Z","timestamp":1746726972000},"page":"101010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Machine learning-based prediction of anxiety disorders using blood metabolite and social trait data from the UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Annabel","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack J.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8781-7459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Radford-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2020.11.326","article-title":"Management of treatment-resistant generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"10","author":"Ansara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ment Health Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.67","article-title":"Childhood trauma and adulthood inflammation: a meta-analysis of peripheral C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1","volume":"21","author":"Baumeister","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.09.003","article-title":"Uric acid in major depressive and anxiety disorders","volume":"225","author":"Black","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22247","article-title":"Risk factors for anxiety disorders: common and specific effects in a national sample","volume":"31","author":"Blanco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1007\/s11055-021-01083-5","article-title":"Effects of early proinflammatory stress on anxiety and depression-like behavior in rats of different ages","volume":"51","author":"Broshevitskaya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Behav. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.03.074","article-title":"Prospective associations between hsCRP and GlycA inflammatory biomarkers and depression: the Brazilian longitudinal study of adult health (ELSA-Brasil)","volume":"271","author":"Brunoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027925","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between peripheral inflammatory cytokines and generalised anxiety disorder","volume":"9","author":"Costello","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.5","article-title":"Biological embedding of stress through inflammation processes in childhood","volume":"16","author":"Danese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3567-08.2009","article-title":"Cerebral microglia recruit monocytes into the brain in response to tumor necrosis factoralpha signaling during peripheral organ inflammation","volume":"29","author":"D'Mello","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(85)90026-1","article-title":"A revised version of the psychoticism scale","volume":"6","author":"Eysenck","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pers. Indiv. Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.143","article-title":"Inflammation effects on motivation and motor activity: role of dopamine","volume":"42","author":"Felger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx246","article-title":"Comparison of sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of UK biobank participants with those of the general population","volume":"186","author":"Fry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.11.003","article-title":"Inflammation-related functional and structural dysconnectivity as a pathway to psychopathology","volume":"93","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v042.i08","article-title":"MatchIt: nonparametric preprocessing for parametric causal inference","volume":"42","author":"Ho","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stat. Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01709-4","article-title":"Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders following a cancer diagnosis: a nationwide register-based cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.20m13245","article-title":"An association between the inflammatory biomarker GlycA and depressive symptom severity","volume":"82","author":"Huckvale","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-017-0200-8","article-title":"The resilience framework as a strategy to combat stress-related disorders","volume":"1","author":"Kalisch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1162\/CPSY_a_00008","article-title":"A theoretical framework for evaluating psychiatric research strategies","volume":"1","author":"Katahira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Psychiatr. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib20","article-title":"The association of anxiety and stress-related disorders with C-reactive protein (CRP) within UK Biobank","volume":"19","author":"Kennedy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib21","first-page":"168","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World health Organization's World mental health survey initiative","volume":"6","author":"Kessler","year":"2007","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.1.97","article-title":"Abnormal attention modulation of fear circuit function in pediatric generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"64","author":"McClure","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.04.003","article-title":"Neuroticism and common mental disorders: meaning and utility of a complex relationship","volume":"33","author":"Ormel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaa062","article-title":"Genetically determined levels of serum metabolites and risk of neuroticism: a mendelian randomization study","volume":"24","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104643","article-title":"A multivariate blood metabolite algorithm stably predicts risk and resilience to major depressive disorder in the general population","volume":"93","author":"Radford-Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-01949-y","article-title":"Quality control and removal of technical variation of NMR metabolic biomarker data in \u223c120,000 UK Biobank participants","volume":"10","author":"Ritchie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.021","article-title":"Depression and anxiety symptoms are associated with white blood cell count and red cell distribution width: a sex-stratified analysis in a population-based study","volume":"84","author":"Shafiee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251365","article-title":"Understanding importance of clinical biomarkers for diagnosis of anxiety disorders using machine learning models","volume":"16","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.903455","article-title":"Inflammation from peripheral organs to the brain: how does systemic inflammation cause neuroinflammation?","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.05.007","article-title":"Evidence for increased microglial priming and macrophage recruitment in the dorsal anterior cingulate white matter of depressed suicides","volume":"42","author":"Torres-Platas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10080564","article-title":"Peripheral biomarkers in DSM-5 anxiety disorders: an updated overview","volume":"10","author":"Vismara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2011.07.018","article-title":"The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010","volume":"21","author":"Wittchen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.11.029","article-title":"Re-establishment of anxiety in stress-sensitized mice is caused by monocyte trafficking from the spleen to the brain","volume":"75","author":"Wohleb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib35","series-title":"Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.08.004","article-title":"Circuit-based biomarkers for mood and anxiety disorders","volume":"43","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666354625000687?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666354625000687?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T21:38:46Z","timestamp":1762637926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666354625000687"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S2666354625000687"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-3546"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-3546","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Machine learning-based prediction of anxiety disorders using blood metabolite and social trait data from the UK Biobank","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101010"}}