{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T23:24:57Z","timestamp":1773876297210,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF21OC0067235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF21OC0067235"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012818","name":"Community of Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain, Behavior, &amp; Immunity - Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T08:32:16Z","timestamp":1764577936000},"page":"101148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Glial activation and increase in cerebral pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in a female animal post-COVID model"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Silvia Flaj","family":"Prados","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esperanza Herrad\u00f3n","family":"Pliego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Goicoechea","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva Ma","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Arendt-Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3772-9690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de-las-Pe\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Visitaci\u00f3n","family":"L\u00f3pez-Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227835","article-title":"An IL-18-centered inflammatory network as a biomarker for cerebral white matter injury","volume":"15","author":"Altendahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7818","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2312-y","article-title":"The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice","volume":"583","author":"Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111573","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infects neurons and induces neuroinflammation in a non-human primate model of COVID-19","volume":"41","author":"Beckman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib4","article-title":"Animal models of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: a call for longitudinal animal studies","volume":"16","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib5","article-title":"Animal models of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: a call for longitudinal animal studies","volume":"16","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.10.025","article-title":"Men and mice: relating their ages","volume":"152","author":"Dutta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-025-04174-9","article-title":"Long-term neurological and cognitive impact of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis in over 4 million patients","volume":"25","author":"Elboraay","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.008","article-title":"Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation","volume":"185","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2024-0036","article-title":"Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19 survivors with post-COVID symptoms: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"62","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de-Las-Pe\u00f1as","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29676","article-title":"Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19 survivors with post-COVID symptoms 2 years after hospitalization: the VIPER study","volume":"96","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de-Las-Pe\u00f1as","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260537","article-title":"The inflammatory biomarkers profile of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and its association with patient's outcome: a single centered study","volume":"16","author":"Hachim","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3102","article-title":"Innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"16","author":"Heneka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib13","first-page":"446","article-title":"Animal model of long COVID?","volume":"20","author":"Hofer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1267991","article-title":"Differences in the inflammatory response among hospitalized patients with distinct variants of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"14","author":"Homen-Fernandez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib15","first-page":"379","article-title":"Postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection","volume":"36","author":"Hope","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-0411-1","article-title":"SPOP negatively regulates toll-like receptor-induced inflammation by disrupting MyD88 self-association","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114543","article-title":"Animal models for SARS-Cov2\/Covid19 research-A commentary","volume":"188","author":"Jarnagin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2024.167347","article-title":"Discovery of a new long COVID mouse model via systemic histopathological comparison of SARS-CoV-2 intranasal and inhalation infection","volume":"1870","author":"Jeon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2024.100744","article-title":"Susceptibility and transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 variants in transgenic mice expressing the cat angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor","volume":"18","author":"Jim\u00e9nez de Oya","year":"2024","journal-title":"One Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90","article-title":"Sex differences in immune responses","volume":"16","author":"Klein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib21","article-title":"A highly susceptible hACE2-transgenic mouse model for SARS-CoV-2 research","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8942","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35945-4","article-title":"Elevated GRO-\u03b1 and IL-18 in serum and brain implicate the NLRP3 inflammasome in frontotemporal dementia","volume":"13","author":"Lok","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14051475","article-title":"Advances in understanding inflammation and tissue damage: markers of persistent sequelae in COVID-19 patients","volume":"14","author":"Patrascu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2022.7762","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection and multi-organ system damage: a review","volume":"23","author":"Rabaan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules & Biomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1166725","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs derived from the foot-and-mouth disease virus genome trigger broad antiviral activity against coronaviruses","volume":"14","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Pulido","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29440-z","article-title":"Neuropathology and virus in brain of SARS-CoV-2 infected non-human primates","volume":"13","author":"Rutkai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105191","article-title":"Sex-specific biphasic alpha-synuclein response and alterations of interneurons in a COVID-19 hamster model","volume":"105","author":"Schreiber","year":"2024","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.626553","article-title":"Animal models for COVID-19: hamsters, Mouse, Ferret, mink, tree shrew, and non-human Primates","volume":"12","author":"Shou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1384516","article-title":"A murine model of post-acute neurological sequelae following SARS-CoV-2 variant infection","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4193","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac270","article-title":"COVID-19 induces CNS cytokine expression and loss of hippocampal neurogenesis","volume":"145","author":"Soung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain: J. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00558-22","article-title":"Mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 MA10 strain displays differential pulmonary tropism and accelerated viral replication, neurodissemination, and pulmonary host responses in K18-hACE2 mice","volume":"8","author":"Thieulent","year":"2023","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.0750","article-title":"Risk factors associated with Post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"183","author":"Tsampasian","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/s41684-023-01231-z","article-title":"Animal models to study the neurological manifestations of the post-COVID-19 condition","volume":"52","author":"Usai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lab. Anim."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3390\/v17010098","article-title":"Animal models of Non-Respiratory, post-acute sequelae of COVID-19","volume":"17","author":"Vanderheiden","year":"2025","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2022.102608","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and COVID-19","volume":"76","author":"Vanderheiden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54674-4","article-title":"Promotion of TLR7-MyD88-dependent inflammation and autoimmunity in mice through stem-loop changes in Lnc-Atg16l1","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01631-4","article-title":"Prediction of clinical progression in nervous system diseases: plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)","volume":"29","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00850-3","article-title":"Network medicine links SARS-CoV-2\/COVID-19 infection to brain microvascular injury and neuroinflammation in dementia-like cognitive impairment","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."}],"container-title":["Brain, Behavior, &amp; Immunity - Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666354625002066?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666354625002066?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T15:52:55Z","timestamp":1773849175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666354625002066"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S2666354625002066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-3546"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-3546","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Glial activation and increase in cerebral pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in a female animal post-COVID model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101148","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101148"}}