{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T22:32:35Z","timestamp":1783636355717,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014969","name":"Guilin Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024SRP079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SRP079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014969","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82074311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82074311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T16:47:56Z","timestamp":1768841276000},"page":"101182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Association between influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 infections and mood disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Yanling","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zexing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.10.005","article-title":"Vascular disease and thrombosis in SARS-CoV-2-Infected rhesus macaques","volume":"183","author":"Aid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.08.007","article-title":"Reverse cholesterol transport and lipid peroxidation biomarkers in major depression and bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"113","author":"Almulla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031282","article-title":"Exertional exhaustion (Post-Exertional malaise, PEM) evaluated by the effects of exercise on cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics-lipidomics and serine pathway in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Baraniuk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib4","article-title":"Central sensitization phenotypes in post acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC): defining the post COVID syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Bierle","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Prim. Commun. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00386","article-title":"Neurologic alterations due to respiratory virus infections","volume":"12","author":"Bohmwald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.12.005","article-title":"The risk of new onset depression in association with influenza--A population-based observational study","volume":"53","author":"Bornand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.1321","article-title":"Neuroinflammation after COVID-19 with persistent depressive and cognitive symptoms","volume":"80","author":"Braga","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009759","article-title":"The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice","volume":"6","author":"Braniste","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30460-8","article-title":"The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence","volume":"395","author":"Brooks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2105609","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived metabolites confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"14","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.47.1.113","article-title":"Health psychology: psychological factors and physical disease from the perspective of human psychoneuroimmunology","volume":"47","author":"Cohen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2021.02.009","article-title":"Inflammation control and improvement of cognitive function in COVID-19 infections: is there a role for kynurenine 3-monooxygenase inhibition?","volume":"26","author":"Collier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02143-7","article-title":"Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"398","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3346","article-title":"Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour","volume":"13","author":"Cryan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X19666210921100542","article-title":"Gut serotonin as a general membrane permeability regulator","volume":"20","author":"Cs\u00e1sz\u00e1r","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01738-y","article-title":"Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297","article-title":"From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain","volume":"9","author":"Dantzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209248","article-title":"Burden of neurologic health care and incident neurologic diagnoses in the year after COVID-19 or influenza hospitalization","volume":"102","author":"de Havenon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04569-5","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank","volume":"604","author":"Douaud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0111-5","article-title":"Progression of whole-blood transcriptional signatures from interferon-induced to neutrophil-associated patterns in severe influenza","volume":"19","author":"Dunning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2022.01.020","article-title":"Findings from Mayo clinic's Post-COVID clinic: PASC phenotypes vary by sex and degree of IL-6 elevation","volume":"97","author":"Durstenfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1187","article-title":"An exploratory approach to the serotonergic hypothesis of depression: bridging the synaptic gap","volume":"56","author":"Dursun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-022-02328-5","article-title":"Major depressive disorders increase the susceptibility to self-reported infections in two German cohort studies","volume":"58","author":"Elpers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatr. Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4030","article-title":"Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS","volume":"18","author":"Erny","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153471","article-title":"Total glycosides from stems of Cistanche tubulosa alleviate depression-like behaviors: bidirectional interaction of the phytochemicals and gut microbiota","volume":"83","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine : Int. J. Phytotherapy Phytopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30482-X","article-title":"Trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms during enforced isolation due to COVID-19 in England: a longitudinal observational study","volume":"8","author":"Fancourt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.04.060","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines in depression: neurobiological mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"246","author":"Felger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abq3059","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters and humans results in lasting and unique systemic perturbations after recovery","volume":"14","author":"Frere","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.06.008","article-title":"Gut microbial GABAergic signaling improves stress-associated innate immunity to respiratory viral infection","volume":"60","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib31","first-page":"489","article-title":"Interferon-alpha stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in vivo and in vitro","volume":"57","author":"Gisslinger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3857","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00806.x","article-title":"3-Hydroxykynurenine potentiates quinolinate but not NMDA toxicity in the rat striatum","volume":"11","author":"Guidetti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0968-3","article-title":"Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03960-y","article-title":"Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes induce cell death via saturated lipids","volume":"599","author":"Guttenplan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001151","article-title":"Plasma biomarkers of neuropathogenesis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and those with postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"9","author":"Hanson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab009","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and altered cerebral glucose metabolism in the subacute stage of COVID-19","volume":"144","author":"Hosp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain : J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib37","article-title":"Mental health outcomes of quarantine and isolation for infection prevention: a systematic umbrella review of the global evidence","volume":"42","author":"Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.643650","article-title":"Long-term consequence of non-neurotropic H3N2 influenza A virus infection for the progression of Alzheimer's disease symptoms","volume":"15","author":"Hosseini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1740-17.2018","article-title":"Long-term neuroinflammation induced by influenza A virus infection and the impact on hippocampal neuron morphology and function","volume":"38","author":"Hosseini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. : Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofaf533","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf533","article-title":"Global prevalence of long COVID, its subtypes, and risk factors: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib41","first-page":"775","article-title":"Network pharmacology and experimental validation of Maxing Shigan decoction in the treatment of influenza virus-induced ferroptosis","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27010273","article-title":"The kynurenine pathway and kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase inhibitors","volume":"27","author":"Hughes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2013.65","article-title":"DNA methylation of the BDNF gene and its relevance to psychiatric disorders","volume":"58","author":"Ikegame","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1085950","article-title":"Understanding the relationships between physiological and psychosocial stress, cortisol and cognition","volume":"14","author":"James","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib45","article-title":"Fluctuations in influenza-like illness epidemics and suicide mortality: a time-series regression of 13-year mortality data in South Korea","volume":"16","author":"Jung","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.11.027","article-title":"Associations between suicide attempts and elevated bedtime salivary cortisol levels in bipolar disorder","volume":"136","author":"Kamali","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2021.105295","article-title":"Interleukin-6 as potential mediator of long-term neuropsychiatric symptoms of COVID-19","volume":"131","author":"Kappelmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00392","article-title":"Breaking down the barriers: the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and stress-related psychiatric disorders","volume":"9","author":"Kelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12232726","article-title":"The role of cortisol in chronic stress, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychological disorders","volume":"12","author":"Knezevic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12222","article-title":"Aquaporin-4 knockout exacerbates corticosterone-induced depression by inhibiting astrocyte function and hippocampal neurogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Kong","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0002-y","article-title":"Influenza","volume":"4","author":"Krammer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1048592","article-title":"Interferon therapy and its association with depressive disorders - a review","volume":"14","author":"Lai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05965-1","article-title":"Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study","volume":"277","author":"Lechien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. : off. j. Eur. Feder. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. Soc. Affiliat. German Soc. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.03.010","article-title":"Effects of corticosterone on the expression of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) and proBDNF in the hippocampal dentate gyrus","volume":"365","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.05.003","article-title":"Pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of short chain fatty acids on immune and endothelial cells","volume":"831","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib56","article-title":"The short-term and long-term prognosis of discharged COVID-19 patients in Guangdong during the first wave of pandemic","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.138070","article-title":"Clinical and pathological investigation of patients with severe COVID-19","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2618","DOI":"10.3390\/v7052618","article-title":"Insights into human astrocyte response to H5N1 infection by microarray analysis","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101111","article-title":"Mental and neurological disorders and risk of COVID-19 susceptibility, illness severity and mortality: a systematic review, meta-analysis and call for action","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.112371","article-title":"Involvement of CX3CL1\/CX3CR1 in depression and cognitive impairment induced by chronic unpredictable stress and relevant underlying mechanism","volume":"381","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2588-y","article-title":"Longitudinal analyses reveal immunological misfiring in severe COVID-19","volume":"584","author":"Lucas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06253.x","article-title":"Fractalkine-induced activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway attentuates microglial activation in vivo and in vitro","volume":"110","author":"Lyons","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102181","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation as a hallmark of severity in COVID-19 patients","volume":"48","author":"Mart\u00edn-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108076","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases are involved in the development of neurological complications in patients with coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"100","author":"Mohammadhosayni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.006","article-title":"The neurobiology of long COVID","volume":"110","author":"Monje","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1088417","article-title":"Inflammatory blockade restores adult hippocampal neurogenesis","volume":"302","author":"Monje","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-022-00902-0","article-title":"Redox regulation of the immune response","volume":"19","author":"Morris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2022-100802","article-title":"Acute and delayed psychiatric sequelae among patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a cohort study using LIFE study data","volume":"35","author":"Murata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.09.024","article-title":"Human gut microbiota and its metabolites impact immune responses in COVID-19 and its complications","volume":"164","author":"Nagata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01283-z","article-title":"Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Nalbandian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-018-0659-8","article-title":"Avian influenza A H7N9 virus infects human astrocytes and neuronal cells and induces inflammatory immune responses","volume":"24","author":"Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01029-1","article-title":"Defining the balance between optimal immunity and immunopathology in influenza virus infection","volume":"24","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib73","first-page":"1330","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of respiratory viral triggers for acute myocardial infarction and stroke","volume":"121","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.09.029","article-title":"Association of seropositivity for influenza and coronaviruses with history of mood disorders and suicide attempts","volume":"130","author":"Okusaga","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1147724","article-title":"The gut-lung axis in influenza A: the role of gut microbiota in immune balance","volume":"14","author":"Ou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2497","article-title":"Cumulative incidence and mortality rate of cardiovascular complications due to laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Ouranos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.08.009","article-title":"Cytokine-effects on glucocorticoid receptor function: relevance to glucocorticoid resistance and the pathophysiology and treatment of major depression","volume":"21","author":"Pace","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.04.007","article-title":"Microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation mediates IL-1\u03b2-related inflammation in prefrontal cortex of depressive rats","volume":"41","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3676","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15545","article-title":"Subtle vascular and astrocytic changes in the brain of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients","volume":"29","author":"Rosu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06348-y","article-title":"Gut microbiome dysbiosis and immune activation correlate with somatic and neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19 patients","volume":"23","author":"Scalzo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e290","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(20)30144-0","article-title":"Viral presence and immunopathology in patients with lethal COVID-19: a prospective autopsy cohort study","volume":"1","author":"Schurink","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.013","article-title":"Gut dysbiosis during influenza contributes to pulmonary pneumococcal superinfection through altered short-chain fatty acid production","volume":"30","author":"Sencio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.08.023","article-title":"Limbic response to stress linking life trauma and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis function","volume":"99","author":"Seo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.01.007","article-title":"Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19","volume":"184","author":"Sette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2023.2242928","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 depression and serum interleukin 6 levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of COVID-19 convalescents with and without depression","volume":"24","author":"Seyedmirzaei","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatr. : Off. J. World Feder. Soc. Biol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00343","article-title":"Back to the future: lessons learned from the 1918 influenza pandemic","volume":"8","author":"Short","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001558","article-title":"Global mortality estimates for the 2009 influenza pandemic from the GLaMOR project: a modeling study","volume":"10","author":"Simonsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2019.03.013","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte precursor cells as a therapeutic target for demyelinating diseases","volume":"245","author":"Skaper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121939","article-title":"Faecal short chain fatty acids profile is changed in Polish depressive women","volume":"10","author":"Skonieczna-\u017bydecka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1537456","article-title":"Microbiome dysbiosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection: implication for pathophysiology and management strategies of COVID-19","volume":"15","author":"Smail","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00703-9","article-title":"A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus","volume":"22","author":"Soriano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6771","article-title":"Alterations in smell or taste in mildly symptomatic outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"323","author":"Spinato","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.06.011","article-title":"The neuropharmacology of butyrate: the bread and butter of the microbiota-gut-brain axis?","volume":"99","author":"Stilling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02786-x","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein triggers depression-like behaviors and dysosmia via TLR2-mediated neuroinflammation in mice","volume":"20","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00383-X","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, or adenoviruses","volume":"399","author":"Swets","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38682-4","article-title":"Persistent serum protein signatures define an inflammatory subcategory of long COVID","volume":"14","author":"Talla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02221-2","article-title":"Depression and anxiety disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: knowns and unknowns","volume":"398","author":"Taquet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00313","article-title":"Neural traces of stress: cortisol related sustained enhancement of amygdala-hippocampal functional connectivity","volume":"7","author":"Vaisvaser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.641734","article-title":"Role of Interleukin-6 in vascular health and disease","volume":"8","author":"Villar-Fincheira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib100","article-title":"High fried food consumption impacts anxiety and depression due to lipid metabolism disturbance and neuroinflammation","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04107-6","article-title":"Influenza A virus PB1-F2 induces affective disorder by interfering synaptic plasticity in hippocampal dentate gyrus","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15030210","article-title":"Diverse physiological roles of Kynurenine pathway metabolites: updated implications for health and disease","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2021.01.015","article-title":"Correlation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity during rest and acute stress tasks","volume":"162","author":"Weissman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol. : Off. J. Int. Organ. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011167","article-title":"The interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with cocirculating pathogens: epidemiological implications and current knowledge gaps","volume":"19","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib105","article-title":"Synaptic and behavioral effects of chronic stress are linked to dynamic and sex-specific changes in microglia function and astrocyte dystrophy","volume":"14","author":"Woodburn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib106","series-title":"A Manual for Estimating Disease Burden Associated with Seasonal Influenza","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib107","series-title":"Mental Health and COVID-19: Early Evidence of the Pandemic's Impact: Scientific Brief, 2 March 2022","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib108","series-title":"COVID-19 Epidemiological Update","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.07.078","article-title":"Microglia-triggered plasticity of intrinsic excitability modulates psychomotor behaviors in acute cerebellar inflammation","volume":"28","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03710-0","article-title":"Dysregulation of brain and choroid plexus cell types in severe COVID-19","volume":"595","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(20)30013-1","article-title":"Pre-pandemic psychiatric disorders and risk of COVID-19: a UK Biobank cohort analysis","volume":"1","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Health Longevity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.07.023","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo induction and activation of nNOS by LPS in oligodendrocytes","volume":"229","author":"Yao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.109133","article-title":"Protracted stress-induced hypocortisolemia may account for the clinical and immune manifestations of long COVID","volume":"245","author":"Yavropoulou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib114","first-page":"1890","article-title":"Emerging roles of astrocytes in blood-brain barrier disruption upon amyloid-beta insults in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"18","author":"Yue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2024.2342846","article-title":"Gut microbiota: a potential player in psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19","volume":"25","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatr. : Off. J. World Feder. Soc. Biol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3641","article-title":"Deficient neuron-microglia signaling results in impaired functional brain connectivity and social behavior","volume":"17","author":"Zhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib117","article-title":"Alterations in CX3CL1 levels and its role in viral pathogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S274778","article-title":"Electroacupuncture relieves LPS-induced depression-like behaviour in rats through IDO-mediated tryptophan-degrading pathway","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-022-00970-2","article-title":"Depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: epidemiology, mechanism, and treatment","volume":"39","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib120","first-page":"276","article-title":"Depicting SARS-CoV-2 faecal viral activity in association with gut microbiota composition in patients with COVID-19","volume":"70","author":"Zuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.05.048","article-title":"Alterations in gut microbiota of patients with COVID-19 during time of hospitalization","volume":"159","author":"Zuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666354626000153?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666354626000153?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T08:10:41Z","timestamp":1778919041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666354626000153"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":121,"alternative-id":["S2666354626000153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-3546"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-3546","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association between influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 infections and mood disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2026.101182","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101182"}}