{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T04:11:57Z","timestamp":1776744717772,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000261","name":"MS Society of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]],"date-time":"2016-09-15T21:31:52Z","timestamp":1473975112000},"page":"95-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Kinematic gait parameters are highly sensitive measures of motor deficits and spinal cord injury in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"317","author":[{"given":"Maximillan D.J.","family":"Fiander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8584-9561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Stifani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Turgay","family":"Akay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George S.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01302.x","article-title":"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS)","volume":"164","author":"Constantinescu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.05.013","article-title":"Behavioral and pathological outcomes in MOG 35\u201355 experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"199","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20913","article-title":"How to successfully apply animal studies in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis to research on multiple sclerosis","volume":"60","author":"Steinman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/61.1.23","article-title":"Axon loss in the spinal cord determines permanent neurological disability in an animal model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"61","author":"Wujek","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801293380502","article-title":"Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis","volume":"338","author":"Trapp","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200012)48:6<893::AID-ANA10>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Neurological disability correlates with spinal cord axonal loss and reduced N-acetyl aspartate in chronic multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"48","author":"Bjartmar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70231-5","article-title":"Treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis: what works, what does not, and what is needed","volume":"14","author":"Feinstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.168","article-title":"Progressive multiple sclerosis: pathology and pathogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Lassmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5051","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05051","article-title":"Targeting S1P receptors in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice improves early deficits in locomotor activity and increases ultrasonic vocalisations","volume":"4","author":"Sheridan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2013.01.009","article-title":"Reducing suffering in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)","volume":"67","author":"Wolfensohn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0055","first-page":"112","article-title":"Enhancing the ability of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis to serve as a more rigorous model of multiple sclerosis through refinement of the experimental design","volume":"59","author":"Emerson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.01.007","article-title":"The flavonoid-enriched fraction AF4 suppresses neuroinflammation and promotes restorative gene expression in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"268","author":"Warford","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444","article-title":"Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS)","volume":"33","author":"Kurtzke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.5316\/wjn.v3.i3.56","article-title":"Variation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis scores in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"3","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12154","article-title":"Quetiapine fumarate for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: focus on myelin repair","volume":"19","author":"Zhornitsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1426-z","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indometacin enhances endogenous remyelination","volume":"130","author":"Preisner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20805","article-title":"Treatment with selective estrogen receptor modulators regulates myelin specific T-cells and suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"57","author":"Bebo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10206","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists prevent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"51","author":"Feinstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3618","article-title":"Micropillar arrays as a high-throughput screening platform for therapeutics in multiple sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Mei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22622","article-title":"The translational biology of remyelination: past, present, and future","volume":"62","author":"Franklin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14335","article-title":"Drug-based modulation of endogenous stem cells promotes functional remyelination in vivo","volume":"522","author":"Najm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12647","article-title":"A regenerative approach to the treatment of multiple sclerosis","volume":"502","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06063","article-title":"Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using estrogen receptor-selective ligands","volume":"185","author":"Elloso","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1727","article-title":"The effect of oral antidiabetic agents on A1C levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Sherifali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34134","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.398552","article-title":"Gemfibrozil a lipid-lowering drug, increases myelin genes in human oligodendrocytes via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta","volume":"287","author":"Jana","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22433","article-title":"mTOR kinase, a key player in the regulation of glial functions: relevance for the therapy of multiple sclerosis","volume":"61","author":"Dello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(01)00285-5","article-title":"Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL\/6 mice by an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma","volume":"116","author":"Niino","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.07.006","article-title":"Protective effects of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta\/delta agonist in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"168","author":"Polak","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363832","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by blocking IL-12 production, IL-12 signaling and Th1 differentiation","volume":"3","author":"Natarajan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.01.046","article-title":"Effects of pioglitazone on diffusion tensor imaging indices in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"472","author":"Shukla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2009.04.011","article-title":"A pilot test of pioglitazone as an add-on in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"211","author":"Kaiser","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.4807","article-title":"Immunologic effects of metformin and pioglitazone treatment on metabolic syndrome and multiple sclerosis","volume":"73","author":"Negrotto","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2165\/11591150-000000000-00000","article-title":"Impact of walking impairment in multiple sclerosis: perspectives of patients and care partners","volume":"4","author":"Larocca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Patient"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182872855","article-title":"Disability in multiple sclerosis: a reference for patients and clinicians","volume":"80","author":"Kister","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-011-0214-y","article-title":"Gait abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: pathogenesis, evaluation, and advances in treatment","volume":"11","author":"Cameron","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-010-0128-0","article-title":"Postural control in multiple sclerosis: implications for fall prevention","volume":"10","author":"Cameron","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1484","article-title":"Profiling locomotor recovery: comprehensive quantification of impairments after CNS damage in rodents","volume":"7","author":"Zorner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.12.006","article-title":"Multiple rodent models and behavioral measures reveal unexpected responses to FTY720 and DMF in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"300","author":"de Bruin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00507.2013","article-title":"Long-term measurement of muscle denervation and locomotor behavior in individual wild-type and ALS model mice","volume":"111","author":"Akay","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.05.020","article-title":"The gait profile score and movement analysis profile","volume":"30","author":"Baker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gait. Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22955","article-title":"The need for speed in rodent locomotion analyses","volume":"297","author":"Batka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anat. Rec. (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0215","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2016.01.013","article-title":"Rotarod motor performance and advanced spinal cord lesion image analysis refine assessment of neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"262","author":"van den Berg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0225","series-title":"Straightforward Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Evans","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.05.020","article-title":"The gait profile score and movement analysis profile","volume":"30","author":"Baker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1089\/089771504323004548","article-title":"Behavioral testing after spinal cord injury: congruities, complexities, and controversies","volume":"21","author":"Basso","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1995.12.1","article-title":"A sensitive and reliable locomotor rating scale for open field testing in rats","volume":"12","author":"Basso","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10821","article-title":"Treatment with the neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone promotes recovery of motor behavior after moderate contusive spinal cord injury in the mouse","volume":"75","author":"Fiore","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31950","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M603717200","article-title":"Mitochondrial protein nitration primes neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"281","author":"Qi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0147669","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147669","article-title":"Musculoskeletal geometry, muscle architecture and functional specialisations of the mouse hindlimb","volume":"11","author":"Charles","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0361","article-title":"The anatomical arrangement of muscle and tendon enhances limb versatility and locomotor performance","volume":"366","author":"Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/71548","article-title":"Autoimmune encephalomyelitis ameliorated by AMPA antagonists","volume":"6","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10554","article-title":"Changes in characteristics of rat skeletal muscle after experimental allergic encephalomyelitis","volume":"29","author":"de","year":"2004","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20935","article-title":"Characterization of relapsing-remitting and chronic forms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"58","author":"Berard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.10.033","article-title":"Axon loss is responsible for chronic neurological deficit following inflammatory demyelination in the rat","volume":"197","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.14-0077","article-title":"Comparative study of behavioural tests in the SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"64","author":"Olivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47553","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047553","article-title":"Characteristics of gait ataxia in delta2 glutamate receptor mutant mice, ho15J","volume":"7","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410090504","article-title":"Induction of recurrent experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with myelin basic protein","volume":"9","author":"Panitch","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15531","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015531","article-title":"Functional and pathogenic differences of Th1 and Th17 cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"5","author":"Domingues","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20463","article-title":"Motor evoked potentials in a mouse model of chronic multiple sclerosis","volume":"33","author":"Amadio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2007.06.016","article-title":"MP4- and MOG:35-55-induced EAE in C57BL\/6 mice differentially targets brain, spinal cord and cerebellum","volume":"189","author":"Kuerten","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.25.1613","article-title":"The effect of ankle joint muscle strengthening training and static muscle stretching training on stroke patients\u2019 C.o.p sway amplitude","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.168690","article-title":"The proprioceptive and agonist roles of gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis anterior muscles in maintaining human upright posture","volume":"587","author":"Di","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229889","article-title":"Corticospinal projections to lower limb motoneurons in man","volume":"89","author":"Brouwer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.07.022","article-title":"Brain activity during stepping: a novel MRI-compatible device","volume":"201","author":"Hollnagel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16344","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4159-11.2011","article-title":"Brain activity during ankle proprioceptive stimulation predicts balance performance in young and older adults","volume":"31","author":"Goble","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.81.1.129","article-title":"Studies on the corticospinal control of human walking. I. Responses to focal transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex","volume":"81","author":"Capaday","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13112776","article-title":"Spinal cord diffusion-tensor imaging and motor-evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis patients: microstructural and functional asymmetry","volume":"267","author":"von","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(98)00062-X","article-title":"Plantarflexor weakness as a limiting factor of gait speed in stroke subjects and the compensating role of hip flexors","volume":"14","author":"Nadeau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.1.20","article-title":"Changes in corticospinal facilitation of lower limb spinal motor neurons after spinal cord lesions","volume":"55","author":"Brouwer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.05.016","article-title":"4-Aminopyridine ameliorates mobility but not disease course in an animal model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"248","author":"Gobel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2012.11.004","article-title":"Ambulation and multiple sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Motl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.01.016","article-title":"Gait kinematics of people with multiple sclerosis and the acute application of functional electrical stimulation","volume":"39","author":"van der Linden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.3109\/09638280903464497","article-title":"The characterisation of gait patterns of people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"32","author":"Kelleher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(96)00095-1","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor-I given subcutaneously reduces clinical deficits, decreases lesion severity and upregulates synthesis of myelin proteins in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"58","author":"Yao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0385","first-page":"12041","article-title":"Evaluation of locomotor function and microscopic structure of the spinal cord in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis following treatment with syngeneic mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"8","author":"Mitra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.276","article-title":"Impact of pregabalin treatment on synaptic plasticity and glial reactivity during the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"4","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859900500510","article-title":"Gait abnormalities in minimally impaired multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"5","author":"Benedetti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506070658","article-title":"Gait and balance impairment in early multiple sclerosis in the absence of clinical disability","volume":"12","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."}],"container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432816306179?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432816306179?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T11:19:55Z","timestamp":1718795995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166432816306179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["S0166432816306179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-4328"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-4328","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Kinematic gait parameters are highly sensitive measures of motor deficits and spinal cord injury in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behavioural Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.034","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}