{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:22:45Z","timestamp":1790216565677,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,25]],"date-time":"2017-04-25T12:19:26Z","timestamp":1493122766000},"page":"20-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the ventral tegmental area blocks the acquisition of reward-related learning"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"329","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Galaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Nisanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Ranaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.07.044","article-title":"A food-associated CS activates c-Fos in VTA DA neurons and elicits conditioned approach","volume":"235","author":"Kest","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(96)12731-2","article-title":"Conditioned changes in nucleus accumbens dopamine signal established by intravenous cocaine in rats","volume":"211","author":"Kiyatkin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4130","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-07-04130.1994","article-title":"Drug- and behavior-associated changes in dopamine-related electrochemical signals during intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats","volume":"14","author":"Gratton","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0020","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dopamine and reward seeking: the role of ventral tegmental area","author":"Ranaldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90508-6","article-title":"Cholinergic involvement in lateral hypothalamic rewarding brain stimulation","volume":"329","author":"Yeomans","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(88)90229-8","article-title":"Cholinergic antagonists in ventral tegmentum elevate thresholds for lateral hypothalamic and brainstem self-stimulation","volume":"31","author":"Kofman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00467-4","article-title":"Both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in ventral tegmental area contribute to brain-stimulation reward","volume":"57","author":"Yeomans","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/262305a0","article-title":"Potentiation of central reward by localised perfusion of acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine","volume":"262","author":"Redgrave","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0235-9","article-title":"Blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the ventral tegmental area disrupts food-related learning in rats","volume":"184","author":"Sharf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.110.2.331","article-title":"Dissociations between appetitive and consummatory responses by pharmacological manipulations of reward-relevant brain regions","volume":"110","author":"Ikemoto","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(99)00218-X","article-title":"Acetylcholine release in ventral tegmental area by hypothalamic self-stimulation, eating, and drinking","volume":"65","author":"Rada","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9021","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0694-08.2008","article-title":"Acetylcholine release in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system during cocaine seeking: conditioned and unconditioned contributions to reward and motivation","volume":"28","author":"You","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9890","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-22-09895.2002","article-title":"Rewarding effects of the cholinergic agents carbachol and neostigmine in the posterior ventral tegmental area","volume":"22","author":"Ikemoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.01.009","article-title":"Separating analgesia from reward within the ventral tegmental area","volume":"263","author":"Schifirnet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.12.064","article-title":"Treatment with a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist impairs the acquisition of conditioned reward learning in rats","volume":"614","author":"Nisanov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0352-0","article-title":"Blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the ventral tegmental area prevents acquisition of food-rewarded operant responding in rats","volume":"186","author":"Sharf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5035","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-13-05035.1998","article-title":"Effects of pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus lesions on responding for intravenous heroin under different schedules of reinforcement","volume":"18","author":"Olmstead","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-10-03400.1989","article-title":"The tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus: a brain-stem output of the limbic system critical for the conditioned place preferences produced by morphine and amphetamine","volume":"9","author":"Bechara","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.144824","article-title":"M5 muscarinic receptor knockout mice show reduced morphine-induced locomotion but increased locomotion after cholinergic antagonism in the ventral tegmental area","volume":"328","author":"Steidl","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.01.019","article-title":"Critical role of cholinergic transmission from the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus to the ventral tegmental area in cocaine-induced place preference","volume":"79","author":"Shinohara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.06.021","article-title":"Distinct effects of ventral tegmental area NMDA and acetylcholine receptor blockade on conditioned reinforcement produced by food-associated cues","volume":"301","author":"Wickham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.07.001","article-title":"Differential role of ventral tegmental area acetylcholine and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in cocaine-seeking","volume":"75","author":"Solecki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.06904.x","article-title":"The limbic circuitry underlying cocaine seeking encompasses the PPTg\/LDT","volume":"30","author":"Schmidt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0120","series-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890100307","article-title":"Localization of drug reward mechanisms by intracranial injections","volume":"10","author":"Wise","year":"1992","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)01038-4","article-title":"M5 muscarinic receptors are needed for slow activation of dopamine neurons and for rewarding brain stimulation","volume":"68","author":"Yeomans","year":"2001","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.04.002","article-title":"Ventral tegmental area cholinergic mechanisms mediate behavioral responses in the forced swim test","volume":"288","author":"Addy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.11.011","article-title":"How conditioned stimuli acquire the ability to activate VTA dopamine cells: a proposed neurobiological component of reward-related learning","volume":"34","author":"Zellner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.08.026","article-title":"The effects of VTA NMDA receptor antagonism on reward-related learning and associated c-fos expression in forebrain","volume":"216","author":"Ranaldi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.10.013","article-title":"NMDA receptor antagonism in the ventral tegmental area impairs acquisition of reward-related learning","volume":"197","author":"Zellner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701850","article-title":"Activation of midbrain presumed dopaminergic neurones by muscarinic chollinergic receptors: an in vivo electrophysiological study in the rat","volume":"124","author":"Gronier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)12475-0","article-title":"Muscarine depolarizes rat substantia nigra zona compacta and ventral tegmental neurons in vitro through M1-like receptors","volume":"253","author":"Lacey","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050002","article-title":"Activation of the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system by stimulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the ventral tegmental area","volume":"147","author":"Gronier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04017.x","article-title":"Midbrain muscarinic receptor mechanisms underlying regulation of mesoaccumbens and nigrostriatal dopaminergic transmission in the rat","volume":"21","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2005.12.008","article-title":"The role of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store in the plasticity of central neurons","volume":"27","author":"Bardo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2723-07.2008","article-title":"Cholinergic-mediated IP3-receptor activation induces long-lasting synaptic enhancement in CA1 pyramidal neurons","volume":"28","author":"Fernandez de Sevilla","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.78.5.2707","article-title":"Attenuation of paired-pulse facilitation associated with synaptic potentiation mediated by postsynaptic mechanisms","volume":"78","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.05.036","article-title":"Muscarinic but not nicotinic, acetylcholine receptor blockade in the ventral tegmental area attenuates cue-induced sucrose-seeking","volume":"291","author":"Addy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."}],"container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432817304849?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432817304849?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:12:22Z","timestamp":1750205542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166432817304849"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0166432817304849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037","relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-4328"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-4328","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the ventral tegmental area blocks the acquisition of reward-related learning","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behavioural Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}