{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:57:18Z","timestamp":1789394238095,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Semnan University of Medical Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T13:14:42Z","timestamp":1597842882000},"page":"112867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Protective effects of morphine in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder: Role of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and beta- adrenergic system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"395","author":[{"given":"Payman Raise","family":"Abdullahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Raeis-Abdollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Sameni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas Ali","family":"Vafaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ghanbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Rashidy-Pour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20429","article-title":"The lifetime prevalence of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in the Netherlands","volume":"22","author":"de Vries","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.105.2.325","article-title":"From normal fear to pathological anxiety","volume":"105","author":"Rosen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0015","series-title":"Association AP. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5\u00ae)","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2015.10.004","article-title":"Emotional face processing in post-traumatic stress disorder after reconsolidation impairment using propranolol: a pilot fMRI study","volume":"36","author":"Mahabir","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1364.012","article-title":"Advances in understanding neuroendocrine alterations in PTSD and their therapeutic implications","volume":"1071","author":"Yehuda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20292","article-title":"Noradrenergic dysfunction and the psychopharmacology of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"25","author":"Strawn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2009_10","article-title":"Pharmacological enhancement of behavioral therapy: focus on posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"2","author":"Choi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0040","article-title":"Combined pharmacotherapy and psychological therapies for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)","volume":"7","author":"Hetrick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20803","article-title":"Noradrenergic enhancement of reconsolidation in the amygdala impairs extinction of conditioned fear in rats\u2014a possible mechanism for the persistence of traumatic memories in PTSD","volume":"28","author":"D\u0119biec","year":"2011","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.05.025","article-title":"Early post-stressor intervention with high-dose corticosterone attenuates posttraumatic stress response in an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"64","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18597","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v3i0.18597","article-title":"Bonding after trauma: on the role of social support and the oxytocin system in traumatic stress","volume":"3","author":"Olff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychotraumatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.10.032","article-title":"A study of the protective function of acute morphine administration on subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"65","author":"Bryant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.06.012","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment of PTSD - established and new approaches","volume":"62","author":"Steckler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.01.058","article-title":"Time-dependent protective effects of morphine against behavioral and morphological deficits in an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"364","author":"RaiseAbdullahi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(89)90033-4","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder, hormones, and memory","volume":"26","author":"Pitman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0080","series-title":"Recollections of Trauma: Scientific Evidence and Clinical Practice","first-page":"221","article-title":"Relevance of neuroendocrine alterations in PTSD to memory-related impairments of trauma survivors","author":"Yehuda","year":"1997"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.07.049","article-title":"Glucocorticoids interact with emotion-induced noradrenergic activation in influencing different memory functions","volume":"138","author":"Roozendaal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.08.011","article-title":"The opioid system in stress-induced memory disorders: from basic mechanisms to clinical implications in post-traumatic stress disorder and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"88","author":"Torres-Berrio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(95)93946-U","article-title":"Opioid-receptor mRNA expression in the rat CNS: anatomical and functional implications","volume":"18","author":"Mansour","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.01.006","article-title":"Effects of mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptor agonists on the function of hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis in monkeys","volume":"33","author":"Pascoe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(93)90092-5","article-title":"Neuromodulatory systems and memory storage: role of the amygdala","volume":"58","author":"McGaugh","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.117.6.1292","article-title":"Opioid receptors regulate the extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning","volume":"117","author":"McNally","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.109.4.631","article-title":"Effects of a microinjection of morphine into the amygdala on the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear and hypoalgesia in rats","volume":"109","author":"Good","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1546125","article-title":"Enkephalins: endogenous analgesics with an emerging role in stress resilience","volume":"2017","author":"Henry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(96)00028-5","article-title":"Dose-dependent suppression of adrenocortical activity with metyrapone: effects on emotion and memory","volume":"21","author":"Roozendaal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2007.02.001","article-title":"Involvement of noradrenergic and corticoid receptors in the consolidation of the lasting anxiogenic effects of predator stress","volume":"179","author":"Adamec","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.04.002","article-title":"The change in muscarinic receptor subtypes in different brain regions of rats treated with fluoxetine or propranolol in a model of post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"232","author":"Aykac","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1838(98)00004-6","article-title":"Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac autonomic nervous control","volume":"69","author":"Hicks","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Auton. Nerv. Syst."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300964","article-title":"The anxiogenic drug yohimbine reinstates palatable food seeking in a rat relapse model: a role of CRF1 receptors","volume":"31","author":"Ghitza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.02.019","article-title":"Effect of recurrent yohimbine on immediate and post-hoc behaviors, stress hormones, and energy homeostatic parameters","volume":"129","author":"Figlewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(97)00044-9","article-title":"Stress-restress: effects on ACTH and fast feedback","volume":"22","author":"Liberzon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00177912","article-title":"The use of a plus-maze to measure anxiety in the mouse","volume":"92","author":"Lister","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0165","first-page":"315","article-title":"Effects of systemic administration of oxytocin on contextual fear extinction in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"4","author":"Eskandarian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03001163","article-title":"Conditioned and unconditional components of post-shock freezing","volume":"15","author":"Fanselow","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pavlov. J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.163","article-title":"The organization of the stress system and its dysregulation in depressive illness","volume":"20","author":"Gold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300934","article-title":"Dissociation of analgesic and hormonal responses to forced swim stress using opioid receptor knockout mice","volume":"31","author":"Contet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1986.tb14625.x","article-title":"The many possible roles of opioids and related peptides in stress-induced analgesia","volume":"467","author":"Akil","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-013-0051-4","article-title":"Recent progress in understanding the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder: implications for targeted pharmacological treatment","volume":"27","author":"Bailey","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00080-5","article-title":"Neurobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"10","author":"Newport","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-014-0145-7","article-title":"Prospects for the pharmacological prevention of post-traumatic stress in vulnerable individuals","volume":"28","author":"Ostrowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90518-5","article-title":"Catecholaminergic mediation of morphine-induced activation of pituitary-adrenocortical axis in the rat: implication of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors","volume":"668","author":"Martinez-Pinero","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.09.020","article-title":"Corticosterone mitigates the stress response in an animal model of PTSD","volume":"60","author":"Jia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13529","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1401660111","article-title":"Expression profiling associates blood and brain glucocorticoid receptor signaling with trauma-related individual differences in both sexes","volume":"111","author":"Daskalakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(99)00058-X","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and the regulation of memory consolidation","volume":"25","author":"Roozendaal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0225","first-page":"55","article-title":"How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions","volume":"21","author":"Sapolsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-117-6-2505","article-title":"Two receptor systems for corticosterone in rat brain: microdistribution and differential occupation","volume":"117","author":"Reul","year":"1985","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.07.049","article-title":"Glucocorticoids interact with emotion-induced noradrenergic activation in influencing different memory functions","volume":"138","author":"Roozendaal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2003.09.015","article-title":"Systems mediating acute glucocorticoid effects on memory consolidation and retrieval","volume":"27","author":"Roozendaal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.03.043","article-title":"Inhibiting corticosterone synthesis during fear memory formation exacerbates cued fear extinction memory deficits within the single prolonged stress model","volume":"287","author":"Keller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300899","article-title":"Systemic and intra-amygdala administration of glucocorticoid agonist and antagonist modulate extinction of conditioned fear","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2651","article-title":"Stress, memory and the amygdala","volume":"10","author":"Roozendaal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.05.043","article-title":"Stress and excitatory synapses: from health to disease","volume":"248","author":"Timmermans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"issue":"5451","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5451.248","article-title":"Memory--a century of consolidation","volume":"287","author":"McGaugh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01876.x","article-title":"Glucocorticoids interact with the basolateral amygdala beta-adrenoceptor--cAMP\/cAMP\/PKA system in influencing memory consolidation","volume":"15","author":"Roozendaal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0275","first-page":"28","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents: clinical significance of hepatic and\/or renal clearance","volume":"8","author":"Borchard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"suppl_M","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/8.suppl_M.9","article-title":"Comparison of pharmacokinetic properties of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs","volume":"8","author":"McDevitt","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.030007.112","article-title":"Enhanced noradrenergic activity potentiates fear memory consolidation and reconsolidation by differentially recruiting \u03b11-and \u03b2-adrenergic receptors","volume":"20","author":"Gazarini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Learn. Mem."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3294","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4175-04.2005","article-title":"\u03b2-Adrenergic receptor activation facilitates induction of a protein synthesis-dependent late phase of long-term potentiation","volume":"25","author":"Gelinas","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.05.029","article-title":"The role of the amygdala in the extinction of conditioned fear","volume":"60","author":"Barad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5704","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0786-04.2004","article-title":"Consolidation of fear extinction requires protein synthesis in the medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"24","author":"Santini","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3248-07.2008","article-title":"Noradrenergic signaling in infralimbic cortex increases cell excitability and strengthens memory for fear extinction","volume":"28","author":"Mueller","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00795-1","article-title":"Norepinephrine release in the amygdala in response to footshock and opioid peptidergic drugs","volume":"808","author":"Quirarte","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi066","article-title":"Prefrontal cortical norepinephrine release is critical for morphine-induced reward, reinstatement and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens","volume":"15","author":"Ventura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867_bib0320","first-page":"281","article-title":"Interaction between morphine and noradrenergic system of basolateral amygdala on anxiety and memory in the elevated plus-maze test based on a test-retest paradigm","volume":"16","author":"Valizadegan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Iran. Med."}],"container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432820305660?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432820305660?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T13:21:36Z","timestamp":1759065696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166432820305660"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["S0166432820305660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867","relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-4328"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-4328","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Protective effects of morphine in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder: Role of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and beta- adrenergic system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behavioural Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112867","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112867"}}