{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:58:09Z","timestamp":1787162289269,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T06:19:10Z","timestamp":1610345950000},"page":"113091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Preliminary effects of prefrontal tDCS on dopamine-mediated behavior and psychophysiology"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"402","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0330-0992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Imburgio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah K.","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8318-4233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astin C.","family":"Cornwall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrell A.","family":"Worthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.01.004","article-title":"A rat model for measuring the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation using fMRI","volume":"491","author":"Takano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5202","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4432-08.2009","article-title":"Polarity-sensitive modulation of cortical neurotransmitters by transcranial stimulation","volume":"29","author":"Stagg","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x","article-title":"Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"527","author":"Nitsche","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00509-w","article-title":"Anodal tDCS over the primary motor cortex improves motor imagery benefits on postural control: a pilot study","volume":"7","author":"Saruco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127270","article-title":"Anodal tDCS over the primary motor cortex facilitates long-term memory formation reflecting use-dependent plasticity","volume":"10","author":"Rroji","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2015.11.005","article-title":"The effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on motor sequence learning in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Hashemirad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2891-9","article-title":"TDCS polarity effects in motor and cognitive domains: a meta-analytical review","volume":"216","author":"Jacobson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00956","article-title":"Does transcranial direct current stimulation improve healthy working memory? A meta-analytic review","volume":"28","author":"Mancuso","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.022","article-title":"Effects of prefrontal tDCS on executive function: methodological considerations revealed by meta-analysis","volume":"117","author":"Imburgio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2019.2915206","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation alters functional network structure in humans","author":"Ruttorf","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.06.004","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation: state of the art 2008","volume":"1","author":"Nitsche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0060","first-page":"1","article-title":"Frontal transcranial direct current stimulation induces dopamine release in the ventral striatum in human","author":"Fonteneau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0443-4","article-title":"Endogenous dopamine release under transcranial direct-current stimulation governs enhanced attention: a study with positron emission tomography","volume":"9","author":"Fukai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21380","article-title":"Modulating cortico-striatal and thalamo-cortical functional connectivity with transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"33","author":"Polan\u00eda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp006","article-title":"The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: version III - the final common pathway","volume":"35","author":"Howes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.12.008","article-title":"Linking cognitive aging to alterations in dopamine neurotransmitter functioning: recent data and future avenues","volume":"34","author":"B\u00e4ckman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(93)90641-W","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex regulates burst firing and transmitter release in rat mesolimbic dopamine neurons studied in vivo","volume":"157","author":"Murase","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0090","series-title":"The Prefrontal Cortex Regulates the Basal Release of Dopamine in the Limbic Striatum: An Effect Mediated by Ventral Tegmental Area","author":"Karreman","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-08-02605.1996","article-title":"The pharmacology of mesolimbic dopamine neurons: a dual-probe microdialysis study in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens of the rat brain","volume":"16","author":"Westerink","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3864","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-10-03864.2000","article-title":"Projections from the rat prefrontal cortex to the ventral tegmental area: target specificity in the synaptic associations with mesoaccumbens and mesocortical neurons","volume":"20","author":"Carr","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2005.09.001","article-title":"Striatal dopamine release after prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression: preliminary results of a dynamic [123I] IBZM SPECT study","volume":"40","author":"Pogarell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2007.05.002","article-title":"Acute prefrontal rTMS increases striatal dopamine to a similar degree as d-amphetamine","volume":"156","author":"Pogarell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. - Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5326","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3128-18.2019","article-title":"Increased neural activity in mesostriatal regions after prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation and L-DOPA administration","volume":"39","author":"Meyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e268","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.44","article-title":"Noninvasive remote activation of the ventral midbrain by transcranial direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex","volume":"3","author":"Chib","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1080\/17470911003619916","article-title":"Neural activation in the \u201creward circuit\u201d shows a nonlinear response to facial attractiveness","volume":"5","author":"Liang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2008.20062","article-title":"Are attractive people rewarding? Sex differences in the neural substrates of facial attractiveness","volume":"20","author":"Cloutier","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00491-3","article-title":"Beautiful faces have variable reward value: fMRI and behavioral evidence","volume":"32","author":"Aharon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2013.04.011","article-title":"The amygdalostriatal and corticostriatal effective connectivity in anticipation and evaluation of facial attractiveness","volume":"82","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.02.005","article-title":"Attentional bias as trait: correlations with novelty seeking","volume":"46","author":"Tomer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs277","article-title":"Dopamine asymmetries predict orienting bias in healthy individuals","volume":"23","author":"Tomer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.08.012","article-title":"Dopamine transporter genotype predicts attentional asymmetry in healthy adults","volume":"50","author":"Newman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.07.005","article-title":"Dopamine system genes are associated with orienting bias among healthy individuals","volume":"62","author":"Zozulinsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.020","article-title":"Spontaneous eye blink rate as predictor of dopamine-related cognitive function\u2014a review","volume":"71","author":"Jongkees","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1999.7093","article-title":"Spontaneous blink rates correlate with dopamine levels in the caudate nucleus of MPTP-treated monkeys","volume":"158","author":"Taylor","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/106.3.643","article-title":"Spontaneous eye-blink rates and dopaminergic systems","volume":"106","author":"Karson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14443","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3037-14.2014","article-title":"In the blink of an eye: relating positive-feedback sensitivity to striatal dopamine D2-like receptors through blink rate","volume":"34","author":"Groman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0211-17.2017","article-title":"Spontaneous eye blink rate (EBR) is uncorrelated with dopamine D2 receptor availability and unmodulated by dopamine agonism in healthy adults","volume":"4","author":"Dang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eneuro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13895","article-title":"Spontaneous eye blink rate and dopamine synthesis capacity: preliminary evidence for an absence of positive correlation","volume":"47","author":"Sescousse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20364-0","article-title":"D1 and D2 dopamine receptors independently regulate spontaneous blink rate in the vervet monkey","volume":"259","author":"Elsworth","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.071092","article-title":"Effects of dopamine D1 ligands on eye blinking in monkeys: efficacy, antagonism, and D1\/D2 interactions","volume":"311","author":"Jutkiewicz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)21279-4","article-title":"Differential effects of direct and indirect dopamine agonists on eye blink rate in cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"279","author":"Kleven","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11256","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6218-10.2011","article-title":"Characterizing the spontaneous blink generator: an animal model","volume":"31","author":"Kaminer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-018-0638-9","article-title":"Substance use is associated with reduced devaluation sensitivity","volume":"19","author":"Byrne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.12.027","article-title":"Eye-blink rate predicts individual differences in pseudoneglect","volume":"48","author":"Slagter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.07.030","article-title":"Imaging gene\u2013substance interactions: the effect of the DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism and the dopamine agonist bromocriptine on the brain activation during the anticipation of reward","volume":"405","author":"Kirsch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14030-7","article-title":"Task demands, tDCS intensity, and the COMT val158met polymorphism impact tDCS-linked working memory training gains","volume":"7","author":"Stephens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.11.009","article-title":"The COMT Val\/Met polymorphism modulates effects of tDCS on response inhibition","volume":"8","author":"Nieratschker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.002","article-title":"Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on executive functions: influence of COMT Val\/Met polymorphism","volume":"49","author":"Plewnia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.05.074","article-title":"tDCS selectively improves working memory in older adults with more education","volume":"521","author":"Berryhill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00002","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation: five important issues we aren\u2019t discussing (but probably should be)","volume":"8","author":"Horvath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.10.006","article-title":"Effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis of findings from healthy and neuropsychiatric populations","volume":"9","author":"Hill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0260","series-title":"D1 Dopamine Receptors in Prefrontal Cortex: Involvement in Working Memory","author":"Sawaguchi","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0265","series-title":"Increase of Extracellular Dopamine in Primate Prefrontal Cortex During a Working Memory Task","author":"Watanabe","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-014-0532-5","article-title":"The Chicago face database: a free stimulus set of faces and norming data","volume":"47","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01125","article-title":"Why you should report bayes factors in your transcranial brain stimulation studies","volume":"9","author":"Biel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0280","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0285","series-title":"Jasp","author":"JASP Team","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2015.05.038","article-title":"Effect of tDCS on auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: influence of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism","volume":"16","author":"Shivakumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00230","article-title":"No significant effect of prefrontal tDCS on working memory performance in older adults","volume":"7","author":"Nilsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.10.010","article-title":"Amelioration of cognitive control in depression by transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"73","author":"Wolkenstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12530","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2450-16.2016","article-title":"Stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex enhances adaptive cognitive control: a high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation study","volume":"36","author":"Gbadeyan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.01.001","article-title":"A single session of prefrontal cortex transcranial direct current stimulation does not modulate implicit task sequence learning and consolidation","volume":"10","author":"Savic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0315","series-title":"Behav. Res. Methods","first-page":"175","article-title":"G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","author":"Faul","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6261-0","article-title":"Case-control study of blink rate in Parkinson\u2019s disease under different conditions","volume":"259","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00482-3","article-title":"Blink rate, neurocognitive impairments, and symptoms in schizophrenia","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3461","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003461","article-title":"Reduced spontaneous eye blink rates in recreational cocaine users: evidence for dopaminergic hypoactivity","volume":"3","author":"Colzato","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.11.1765","article-title":"Dopamine agonist therapy for neglect in humans","volume":"37","author":"Fleet","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.3.344","article-title":"Dopaminergic stimulation in unilateral neglect","volume":"65","author":"Geminiani","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.06.021","article-title":"No evidential value in samples of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) studies of cognition and working memory in healthy populations","volume":"94","author":"Medina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00453","article-title":"The importance of sample size for reproducibility of tDCS effects","volume":"10","author":"Minarik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00270.2012","article-title":"The organization of the human striatum estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity","volume":"108","author":"Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1507610113","article-title":"Regional specialization within the human striatum for diverse psychological functions","volume":"113","author":"Pauli","year":"2016","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3319-09.2010","article-title":"Distinct value signals in anterior and posterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex","volume":"30","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0370","article-title":"Individual differences in dopamine function underlying the balance between model-based and model-free control","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.04.006","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in healthy and neuropsychiatric samples: influence of stimulation parameters","volume":"9","author":"Dedoncker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.02.003","article-title":"Variability in response to transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex","volume":"7","author":"Wiethoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00181","article-title":"The contribution of interindividual factors to variability of response in transcranial direct current stimulation studies","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.07.031","article-title":"Inter- and intra-individual variability in response to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) at varying current intensities","volume":"8","author":"Chew","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37226-x","article-title":"Can electric fields explain inter-individual variability in transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex?","volume":"9","author":"Laakso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(01)00087-2","article-title":"Task instructions influence the cognitive strategies involved in line bisection judgements: evidence from modulated neural mechanisms revealed by fMRI","volume":"40","author":"Fink","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.01.033","article-title":"Determinants of the electric field during transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"109","author":"Opitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145714000418","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation for major depression: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Shiozawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432820307907?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432820307907?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T13:23:51Z","timestamp":1759065831000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166432820307907"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["S0166432820307907"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/697466","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0166-4328"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-4328","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Preliminary effects of prefrontal tDCS on dopamine-mediated behavior and psychophysiology","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behavioural Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113091","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113091"}}