{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T14:03:36Z","timestamp":1777817016711,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023JJ30695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ30695"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82372039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82372039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A20377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20377"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:50:26Z","timestamp":1754441426000},"page":"115756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Altered effective connectivity in patients with drug-na\u00efve first-episode, recurrent, and medicated major depressive disorder: A multi-site fMRI study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"495","author":[{"given":"Peishan","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaineng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiongpu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shenghui","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Grecucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bihong T.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2017.12.090","article-title":"Clinical heterogeneity in major depressive disorder","volume":"28","author":"Penninx","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.065","article-title":"Depression reported by US adults in 2017-2018 and March and April 2020","volume":"278","author":"Daly","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global burden disease estimates for major depressive disorders (MDD): a review of diagnostic instruments used in studies of prevalence","author":"Cosgrove","year":"2024","journal-title":"Community Ment. Health J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra073096","article-title":"Major depressive disorder","volume":"358","author":"Belmaker","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.02.012","article-title":"Serotonin modulation of cerebral glucose metabolism in depressed older adults","volume":"66","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.04.011","article-title":"Clinical differences between first and recurrent episodes in depressive patients","volume":"52","author":"Roca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1682-9","article-title":"The prospective association between obesity and major depression in the general population: does single or recurrent episode matter?","volume":"15","author":"Nigatu","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02722-w","article-title":"Aberrant resting-state co-activation network dynamics in major depressive disorder","volume":"14","author":"An","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-020-00614-8","article-title":"Identification of psychiatric disorder subtypes from functional connectivity patterns in resting-state electroencephalography","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105583","article-title":"Distinctive intrinsic functional connectivity alterations of anterior cingulate cortex subdivisions in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"159","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.074","article-title":"Abnormal core functional connectivity on the pathology of MDD and antidepressant treatment: a systematic review","volume":"296","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12835","article-title":"Brain structure alterations in depression: psychoradiological evidence","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2016.12.001","article-title":"Altered patterns of association between cortical thickness and subcortical volume in patients with first episode major depressive disorder: a structural MRI study","volume":"260","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.06.018","article-title":"Illness progression, recent stress, and morphometry of hippocampal subfields and medial prefrontal cortex in major depression","volume":"77","author":"Treadway","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079055","article-title":"Frontal-subcortical volumetric deficits in single episode, medication-naive depressed patients and the effects of 8 weeks fluoxetine treatment: a VBM-DARTEL study","volume":"9","author":"Kong","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.08.016","article-title":"Changes of grey matter volume in first-episode drug-naive adult major depressive disorder patients with different age-onset","volume":"12","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.11.021","article-title":"Structural brain abnormalities in major depressive disorder: a selective review of recent MRI studies","volume":"117","author":"Lorenzetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2022.111517","article-title":"Contrasting the amygdala activity and functional connectivity profile between antidepressant-free participants with major depressive disorder and healthy controls: a systematic review of comparative fMRI studies","volume":"325","author":"Tassone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.12.033","article-title":"Disrupted functional connectivity patterns of the insula subregions in drug-free major depressive disorder","volume":"234","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00995","article-title":"Dynamic functional connectivity strength within different frequency-band in schizophrenia","volume":"10","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110369","article-title":"Dynamic changes of large-scale resting-state functional networks in major depressive disorder","volume":"111","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093176","article-title":"Widespread intra- and inter-network dysconnectivity among large-scale resting state networks in schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"Rong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.115817","article-title":"Explainable multimodal prediction of treatment-resistance in patients with depression leveraging brain morphometry and natural language processing","volume":"334","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.024","article-title":"Instantaneous and causal connectivity in resting state brain networks derived from functional MRI data","volume":"54","author":"Deshpande","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1457","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1647","article-title":"Investigating the neural basis for functional and effective connectivity. Application to fMRI","volume":"360","author":"Horwitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00038","article-title":"Multivariate classification of major depressive disorder using the effective connectivity and functional connectivity","volume":"12","author":"Geng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9078","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1900390116","article-title":"Reduced default mode network functional connectivity in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder","volume":"116","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24797","article-title":"Generalizability of machine learning for classification of schizophrenia based on resting-state functional MRI data","volume":"41","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.01.012","article-title":"Dimensional and categorical solutions to parsing depression heterogeneity in a large single-site sample","volume":"96","author":"Dunlop","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2012.07.003","article-title":"GMAC: a matlab toolbox for spectral granger causality analysis of fMRI data","volume":"42","author":"Tana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxj037","article-title":"Adjusting batch effects in microarray expression data using empirical Bayes methods","volume":"8","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119330","article-title":"Harmonization of multi-site MRS data with ComBat","volume":"257","author":"Bell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2016.0429","article-title":"Sex and age effects of functional connectivity in early adulthood","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Connect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa046","article-title":"Consensus features nested cross-validation","volume":"36","author":"Parvandeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-021-04148-9","article-title":"Comparison of feature importance measures as explanations for classification models","volume":"3","author":"Saarela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sn Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i11","article-title":"Feature selection with the boruta package","volume":"36","author":"Kursa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212582","article-title":"Hybrid multivariate pattern analysis combined with extreme learning machine for alzheimer's dementia diagnosis using multi-measure rs-fMRI spatial patterns","volume":"14","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.08.003","article-title":"Use of machine learning method on automatic classification of motor subtype of parkinson's disease based on multilevel indices of rs-fMRI","volume":"90","author":"Pang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104079","article-title":"A predictive study of the efficacy of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of major depressive disorder: an fMRI-based machine learning analysis","volume":"98","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4997","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25175","article-title":"Identifying resting-state effective connectivity abnormalities in drug-naive major depressive disorder diagnosis via graph convolutional networks","volume":"41","author":"Jun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103977","article-title":"Using graph convolutional network to characterize individuals with major depressive disorder across multiple imaging sites","volume":"78","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.03.055","article-title":"EEG coherences of the fronto-limbic circuit between patients with major depressive disorder and healthy controls","volume":"331","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.110234","article-title":"Fronto-limbic neuroimaging biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of treatment responses in major depressive disorder","volume":"107","author":"Lai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.07.002","article-title":"Common and distinct abnormal frontal-limbic system structural and functional patterns in patients with major depression and bipolar disorder","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3469","article-title":"Corticostriatal connectivity and its role in disease","volume":"14","author":"Shepherd","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.04.004","article-title":"Thalamocortical connectivity in major depressive disorder","volume":"217","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112594","article-title":"The relationship of olfactory function and clinical traits in major depressive disorder","volume":"386","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0785-x","article-title":"All roads lead to the default-mode network-global source of DMN abnormalities in major depressive disorder","volume":"45","author":"Scalabrini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-022-00628-7","article-title":"Hyperconnectivity between the posterior cingulate and middle frontal and temporal gyrus in depression: based on functional connectivity meta-analyses","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091102","article-title":"Abnormal default-mode network homogeneity in first-episode, drug-naive major depressive disorder","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2024.111076","article-title":"Resting-state dynamic functional connectivity in major depressive disorder: a systematic review","volume":"135","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00028","article-title":"Decreased resting-state connectivity between neurocognitive networks in treatment resistant depression","volume":"6","author":"de Kwaasteniet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4265","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.19m12790","article-title":"Striatal Resting-State connectivity abnormalities associated with different clinical stages of major depressive disorder","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112544","article-title":"Resting-state functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex in young adults depressed patients with and without suicidal behavior","volume":"384","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3296","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww255","article-title":"Medial reward and lateral non-reward orbitofrontal cortex circuits change in opposite directions in depression","volume":"139","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1308551","article-title":"Distinct resting-state effective connectivity of large-scale networks in first-episode and recurrent major depression disorder: evidence from the REST-meta-MDD consortium","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.04.007","article-title":"Resting state brain network function in major depression - depression symptomatology, antidepressant treatment effects, future research","volume":"92","author":"Brakowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2013.08.007","article-title":"Resting state functional connectivity and treatment response in late-life depression","volume":"214","author":"Andreescu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.11.022","article-title":"Short-term antidepressant administration reduces default mode and task-positive network connectivity in healthy individuals during rest","volume":"88","author":"van Wingen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119783","article-title":"Effective connectivity between the cerebellum and fronto-temporal regions correctly classify major depressive disorder: fMRI study using a multi-site dataset","volume":"390","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.46","article-title":"Investigating neural primacy in major depressive disorder: multivariate granger causality analysis of resting-state fMRI time-series data","volume":"16","author":"Hamilton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.10.006","article-title":"Granger causality analysis implementation on MATLAB: a graphic user interface toolkit for fMRI data processing","volume":"203","author":"Zang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2021.111330","article-title":"Abnormal causal connectivity of left superior temporal gyrus in drug-naive first- episode adolescent-onset schizophrenia: a resting-state fMRI study","volume":"315","author":"Lyu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2021.2017926","article-title":"Identification and effective connections of core networks in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and cognitive impairment: granger causality analysis and multivariate pattern analysis","volume":"133","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2024.111928","article-title":"A review of studies on constructing classification models to identify mental illness using brain effective connectivity","volume":"346","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06673-w","article-title":"Disrupted brain functional connectivity as early signature in cognitively healthy individuals with pathological CSF amyloid\/tau","volume":"7","author":"Al-Ezzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2025.e41767","article-title":"Develop an emotion recognition system using jointly connectivity between electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram signals","volume":"11","author":"Sedehi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib69","first-page":"3511","article-title":"Classification of major depressive disorder from resting-state fMRI","volume":"2019","author":"Sen","year":"2019"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsx100","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy selectively enhanced feedforward connectivity from fusiform face area to amygdala in major depressive disorder","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect Neurosci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2878","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00256","article-title":"Multivariate machine learning analyses in identification of major depressive disorder using resting-state functional connectivity: a multicentral study","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3013","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-01977-5","article-title":"Functional connectivity signatures of major depressive disorder: machine learning analysis of two multicenter neuroimaging studies","volume":"28","author":"Gallo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432825003432?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432825003432?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:20:40Z","timestamp":1777497640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166432825003432"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["S0166432825003432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756","relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-4328"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-4328","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Altered effective connectivity in patients with drug-na\u00efve first-episode, recurrent, and medicated major depressive disorder: A multi-site fMRI study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behavioural Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115756","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115756"}}