{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T10:01:21Z","timestamp":1780308081815,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82501439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82501439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12402350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12402350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000135","name":"NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000135","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009607","name":"McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003787","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H2024206232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2024206232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T08:11:58Z","timestamp":1759824718000},"page":"115862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gray matter volume and its molecular profiles characteristic drinking severity in young adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"496","author":[{"given":"Guangfei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohang","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10152","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31310-2","article-title":"Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"392","author":"Griswold","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib2","series-title":"Externalizing Behavior Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences","author":"Kauten","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_462_20","article-title":"Externalizing psychopathology and cognitive functions in patients with early- and late-onset alcohol dependence","volume":"63","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6669","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-24-815","article-title":"Drinking severity mediates the relationship between hypothalamic connectivity and rule-breaking\/intrusive behavior differently in young women and men: an exploratory study","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Quant. Imaging Med. Surg."},{"issue":"7513","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13402","article-title":"Neuropsychosocial profiles of current and future adolescent alcohol misusers","volume":"512","author":"Whelan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579422000980","article-title":"Developmental genetic effects on externalizing behavior and alcohol use: examination across two longitudinal samples","volume":"36","author":"Elam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-014-0166-z","article-title":"Predictors of sexual coercion and alcohol use among female juvenile offenders","volume":"44","author":"Yeater","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.03.034","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical gray matter shrinkage in alcohol-use disorders: a voxel-based meta-analysis","volume":"66","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.030","article-title":"Regional gray matter deficits in alcohol dependence: a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies","volume":"153","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.01.018","article-title":"Decreased volume of the brain reward system in alcoholism","volume":"64","author":"Makris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102866","article-title":"Perceived stress, self-efficacy, and the cerebral morphometric markers in binge-drinking young adults","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13757","article-title":"Regional brain volume changes in alcohol-dependent individuals during short-term and long-term abstinence","volume":"42","author":"Zou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib13","first-page":"72","article-title":"Development of a miRNA-based deep learning model for autism spectrum disorder diagnosis","volume":"2","author":"Dogra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Technol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib14","first-page":"109","article-title":"Integrating molecular fingerprints with machine learning for accurate neurotoxicity prediction: an observational study","volume":"2","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Technol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib15","first-page":"9","article-title":"Application of single-cell sequencing technology and its clinical implications in Parkinson\u2019s disease and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a narrative review","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Technol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"00","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.04.004","article-title":"Epigenetic mechanisms of drug addiction","volume":"76","author":"Nestler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v35.1.08","article-title":"Epigenetic control of gene expression in the alcoholic brain","volume":"35","author":"Ponomarev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alcohol Res. Curr. Rev."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2021.09.006","article-title":"Alcohol and the brain: from genes to circuits","volume":"44","author":"Egervari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v38.2.04","article-title":"Pfefferbaum A. Alcohol's effects on the brain: neuroimaging results in humans and animal models","volume":"38","author":"Zahr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Res. Curr. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17051-5","article-title":"Transcriptomic and cellular decoding of regional brain vulnerability to neurogenetic disorders","volume":"11","author":"Seidlitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25244","article-title":"JuSpace: a tool for spatial correlation analyses of magnetic resonance imaging data with nuclear imaging derived neurotransmitter maps","volume":"42","author":"Dukart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. brain Mapp."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23172","article-title":"Negative and interactive effects of sex, aging, and alcohol abuse on gray matter morphometry","volume":"37","author":"Thayer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2024.07.003","article-title":"Sex and sobriety: human brain structure and function in AUD abstinence","volume":"121","author":"Zabik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alcohol (Fayettev. NY)"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4652","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26404","article-title":"Brain volumes in alcohol use disorder: do females and males differ? A whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging mega-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Maggioni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. brain Mapp."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.04.019","article-title":"Gender differences in the relationship of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology to alcohol dependence: likelihood, expression and course","volume":"112","author":"Dawson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1080\/14659891.2019.1572800","article-title":"Sex differences in trait anxiety's association with alcohol problems in emerging adults: the influence of symptoms of depression and borderline personality","volume":"24","author":"Atkinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Subst. Use"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.010","article-title":"Structural brain differences in alcohol-dependent individuals with and without comorbid substance dependence","volume":"144","author":"Mon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4972","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-24-156","article-title":"Sex differences in dorsolateral prefrontal cortical and superior colliculus activities support the impact of alcohol use severity and sleep deficiency on two-back memory","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Quant. Imaging Med. Surg."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib29","first-page":"1007","article-title":"Loss and frontal striatal reactivities characterize alcohol use severity and Rule-Breaking behavior in young adult drinkers","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102866","article-title":"Perceived stress, self-efficacy, and the cerebral morphometric markers in binge-drinking young adults","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2024.07.025","article-title":"The inter-related effects of alcohol use severity and sleep deficiency on semantic processing in young adults","volume":"555","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"NEUROSCIENCE"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14060610","article-title":"Functional networks of reward and punishment processing and their molecular profiles predicting the severity of young adult drinking","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMA52036.2021.9512720","article-title":"Editors. Identification of binge drinkers via convolutional neural network and support vector machine","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"2021 IEEE Int. Conf. Mechatron. Autom. (ICMA)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.11.048","article-title":"Guidelines for reporting an fMRI study","volume":"40","author":"Poldrack","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib35","unstructured":"Zar J. Biostatistical analysis. 1999."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116368","article-title":"The effects of age on reward magnitude processing in the monetary incentive delay task","volume":"207","author":"Dhingra","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117085","article-title":"Gray matter volumetric correlates of behavioral activation and inhibition system traits in children: an exploratory voxel-based morphometry study of the ABCD project data","volume":"220","author":"Ide","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib38","unstructured":"Lenhard W., Lenhard A. Hypothesis Tests for Comparing Correlations. 2014. p. available: \u3008https:\/\/www.psychometrica.de\/correlation.html\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085542","article-title":"Mediation analysis","volume":"58","author":"MacKinnon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.09.006","article-title":"Prefrontal-subcortical pathways mediating successful emotion regulation","volume":"59","author":"Wager","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5085","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24347","article-title":"Structural and functional cerebral bases of diminished inhibitory control during healthy aging","volume":"39","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.03.015","article-title":"Sex differences in the interacting roles of impulsivity and positive alcohol expectancy in problem drinking: a structural brain imaging study","volume":"14","author":"Ide","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib43","first-page":"493","article-title":"Alcohol expectancy and cerebral responses to Cue-Elicited craving in adult nondependent drinkers","volume":"4","author":"Zhornitsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. neuroimaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","article-title":"Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain","volume":"15","author":"Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.10.012","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in substance use disorders","volume":"66","author":"McHugh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1584","article-title":"Decision making, impulse control and loss of willpower to resist drugs: a neurocognitive perspective","volume":"8","author":"Bechara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106068","article-title":"Early neurotransmitters changes in prodromal frontotemporal dementia: a GENFI study","volume":"179","author":"Premi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01384.x","article-title":"Molecular profiles of drinking alcohol to intoxication in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"35","author":"Mulligan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2022.109319","article-title":"Structural and functional brain recovery in individuals with substance use disorders during abstinence: a review of longitudinal neuroimaging studies","volume":"232","author":"Parvaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."}],"container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432825004498?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432825004498?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T09:06:19Z","timestamp":1780304779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166432825004498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0166432825004498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862","relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-4328"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-4328","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gray matter volume and its molecular profiles characteristic drinking severity in young adults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behavioural Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115862","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115862"}}