{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T02:01:29Z","timestamp":1774058489880,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82374570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374570"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LH2023H063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LH2023H063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T04:06:36Z","timestamp":1760501196000},"page":"115873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The mechanism of electroacupuncture treatment for post-stroke spasticity: A systematic review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"497","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7350-9670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengwan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengmin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1715","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00429-6","article-title":"Assessing performance of the healthcare access and quality index,overall and by select age groups,for 204 countries and territories,1990-2019:a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"10","author":"Annie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e23744","article-title":"Normobaric hyperoxia therapy in acute ischemic stroke: a literature review","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.558619","article-title":"Four-fold increase in direct costs of stroke survivors with spasticity compared with stroke survivors without spasticity: the first year after the event","volume":"41","author":"Lundstr\u00f6m","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-020-02266-z","article-title":"Botulinum toxin therapy of dystonia","volume":"128","author":"Dressler","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2018.12.002","article-title":"Intrathecal baclofen infusion for the treatment of movement Disorders","volume":"30","author":"Lake","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/aft064","article-title":"Management of spasticity revisited","volume":"42","author":"Graham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154297","article-title":"Acupuncture as a post-stroke treatment option: a narrative review of clinical guideline recommendations","volume":"104","author":"Birch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00023","article-title":"Electroacupuncture ameliorates cognitive impairment by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway in a mouse model of alzheimer's disease","volume":"12","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00192","article-title":"New insights into the patho-physiology of post-stroke spasticity","volume":"9","author":"LI","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112270","article-title":"Mechanisms of acupuncture therapy in ischemic stroke rehabilitation: a literature review of basic Studies","volume":"18","author":"Chavez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S183436","article-title":"The effect of different frequencies of electroacupuncture on BDNF and NGF expression in the hippocampal CA3 area of the ischemic hemisphere in cerebral ischemic rats","volume":"14","author":"DUAN","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.19163","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies: the PRISMA-DTA statement","volume":"319","author":"McInnes","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib13","first-page":"1200","article-title":"El. Establish a model of rat ischem ia-reperfusion in jury with in tralum inal Suture","volume":"27","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin. Arch. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib14","article-title":"SYRCLE\u2019s risk of bias tool for animal studies","volume":"14","author":"Hooijmans","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Method."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000125719.25853.20","article-title":"Pooling of animal experimental data reveals influence of study design and publication bias","volume":"35","author":"Macleod","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X. Sun, J. Cai, A. Zhang, B. Pang, C. Cheng, Q. Cha, F. Quan, T. YeElectroacupuncture pretreatment alleviates post-stroke spasticity in rats by inhibiting NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 signaling pathway-mediated inflammation and neuronal apoptosis 11 44 Nan Fang. Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao2024, 21022109.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2023.148643"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib17","first-page":"860","article-title":"[Effects of Governor Vessel electroacupuncture on chloridion homeostasis in the cortex of rats with limb spasm after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion]","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zhen Ci Yan Jiu"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib18","first-page":"703","article-title":"[Effect of electroacupuncture of Governor Vessel on expression of GAD67 and GABA-T in cerebral cortex of rats with post-stroke limb spasticity]","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhen Ci Yan Jiu"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib19","first-page":"361","article-title":"Effect of electro-acupuncture therapy on limb spasm and excitability of motor neurons in stroke rats","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib20","first-page":"541","article-title":"Effect of \"tiaoshen tongluo\" acupuncture on nerve function injury, muscle tension and neurotransmitters throughNrf2\/ROS pathway in spastic rats after stroke","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zhen Ci Yan Jiu"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib21","first-page":"51","article-title":"Effect of acupuncture on the dopamine receptors expression of DRD1mRNA\/DRD2mRNA in cerebral cortex of spastieity model rats after stroke","volume":"32","author":"Yue","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. TCM Univ. Hunan"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib22","first-page":"112","article-title":"Effects of electroacupuncture on post stroke spasticity rats based on IL-6\/JAK2\/STAT3 signaling pathway","volume":"31","author":"Yi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. J. Inf. TCM"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib23","first-page":"124","article-title":"Effects of governor vessel electroacupuncture on oxidative stress in rats with post-stroke limb spasm based on the glutathione antioxidant system","volume":"47","author":"Zang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Beijing Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib24","first-page":"463","article-title":"The mechanism of du meridian electroacupuncture regulating cystine\/glutamate reverse transporter to improve limb spasm after stroke","volume":"52","author":"LiH","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tianjin Med. J."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib25","first-page":"2539","article-title":"Experimental research on electric needle shenmai zhaohai point affect the expression of \u03b3\u2013aminobutyric acid transporter protein\u20131 of the cerebral infarction spasm rat","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lishizhen Med. Mater. Medica Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib26","first-page":"52","article-title":"Mechanism of electroacupuncture quchi (LI 11) - yanglingquan (GB 34) in rats with spasticity of cerebral apoplexy","volume":"30","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rehabil. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib27","first-page":"133","article-title":"Effect and mechanism of electroacupuncture at the affected side of quchi (LI 11) and yanglingquan (GB 34) acupoints in rats with limb spasms after cerebral infarction","volume":"34","author":"Zhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rehabil. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib28","first-page":"22","article-title":"Effects of electro- acupuncture on \u03b3- aminobutyric acid metabolic enzymes in rats with stroke- induced spasticity","volume":"33","author":"Mao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Rehabil. Med."},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib29","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Effect of electroacupuncture on ferroptosis in cortical nerve cells of \uff32ats with post stroke spasticity","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lishizhen Med. Mate\uff32ia Medica \uff32esea\uff52ch"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib30","first-page":"23","article-title":"Effects of electroacupuncture on expressions of BDNF, TrkB and GABAa in cortex of rats with limb spasm after stroke","volume":"27","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Inf. TCM"},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib31","first-page":"682","article-title":"The effects of electroacupuncture on the cortical SLC7A11 and GPX4 expressions in the rat with post stroke-induced limb spasticity","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Neuroanat."},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib32","first-page":"325","article-title":"Effects of electro-acupuncture on the expression of receptors of glu and GABA in the cerebral cortex of rats with SCA","volume":"34","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"China J. Tradit. Chin. Med. Mater. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib33","first-page":"2256","article-title":"Electroacupuncture regulates microglia polarization to inhibit inflammatory response in cerebral cortex of rats with post-stroke spasticity","volume":"43","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hunan Univ. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib34","first-page":"132","article-title":"Effects of electroacupuncture regulating the polarization of microglia on Post-Stroke spasticity in rats","volume":"31","author":"LinX","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. J. Inf. TCM"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib35","first-page":"96","article-title":"Effects of electroacupuncture on \u201cYanglingquan\u201d and \u201cQuchu\u201d for GABAergic system in cerebral cortex of rats with Post-stroke spasticity","volume":"30","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Inf. TCM"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2013.1522","article-title":"GuaLou GuiZhi decoction inhibits LPS-induced microglial cell motility through the MAPK signaling pathway","volume":"32","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21837","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R700019200","article-title":"Oxidative stress and covalent modification of protein with bioactive aldehydes","volume":"283","author":"Grimsrud","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5253","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02494-8","article-title":"Mitochondrial quality control in cerebral Ischemia\u2013Reperfusion injury","volume":"58","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib39","article-title":"KangPiLao decoction modulates cognitive and emotional disorders in rats with central fatigue through the GABA\/Glu pathway","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib40","article-title":"Zerumbone, a major sesquiterpene from syringa pinnatifolia hemsl., exerts the sedative effect by regulating GABAergic nervous system","author":"Wuken","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.04.006","article-title":"Neuroprotection against neonatal hypoxia\/ischemia-induced cerebral cell death by prevention of calpain-mediated mGluR1alpha truncation","volume":"218","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-024-04175-z","article-title":"Role of brain derived neurotrophic factor and related therapeutic strategies in central Post-Stroke pain","volume":"49","author":"Rajamanickam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-016-0104-4","article-title":"Hyperthymic affective temperament and hypertension are independent determinants of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor level","volume":"15","author":"Nemcsik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.24-312","article-title":"Brain-Derived neurotrophic Factor-TrkB pathway on synaptic plasticity in ischemic stroke rats","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Heart J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-019-09903-9","article-title":"Calycosin preserves BDNF\/TrkB signaling and reduces Post-Stroke neurological injury after cerebral ischemia by reducing accumulation of hypertrophic and TNF-\u03b1-Containing microglia in rats","volume":"15","author":"Hsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. NeuroImmune Pharmacol. Off. J. Soc. NeuroImmune Pharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112270","article-title":"Mechanisms of acupuncture therapy in ischemic stroke rehabilitation: a literature review of basic studies","volume":"18","author":"Chavez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2020.1812938","article-title":"Electroacupuncture with rehabilitation training for limb spasticity reduction in post-stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Top. Stroke Rehabil."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024859","article-title":"Electroacupuncture for patients with spasticity after stroke: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115897","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000}}],"container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432825004607?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432825004607?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T16:25:37Z","timestamp":1766075137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166432825004607"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0166432825004607"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873","relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-4328"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-4328","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The mechanism of electroacupuncture treatment for post-stroke spasticity: A systematic review and Meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behavioural Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115873","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115873"}}