{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T07:15:11Z","timestamp":1783149311505,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF20OC0064869"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF20OC0064869"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001734","name":"K\u00f8benhavns Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004825","name":"Nordea-fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R336\\u20132020\\u20131035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R336\\u20132020\\u20131035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["474 R380\\u20132021\\u20131269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["474 R380\\u20132021\\u20131269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovation Fund Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T15:02:00Z","timestamp":1779980520000},"page":"116298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Current levels vs. longitudinal changes: A 7-year study on physical function, brain structure and cognition in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"512","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1406-0549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eline","family":"Baad-Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naiara","family":"Demnitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Theil","family":"Gates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kj\u00e6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartwig Roman","family":"Siebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver J.","family":"Hulme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl-Johan","family":"Boraxbekk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.838","article-title":"Coupled changes in hippocampal structure and cognitive ability in later life","volume":"8","author":"Anblagan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117289","article-title":"Associations between cognitive and brain volume changes in cognitively normal older adults","volume":"223","author":"Armstrong","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000197","article-title":"What did you do yesterday? A meta-analysis of sex differences in episodic memory","volume":"145","author":"Asperholm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-05778-z","article-title":"No long-term benefits from resistance training on brain grey matter volumes in active older adults at retirement age","volume":"25","author":"Bloch-Ibenfeldt","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2024-001899","article-title":"Heavy resistance training at retirement age induces 4-year lasting beneficial effects in muscle strength: A long-term follow-up of an RCT","volume":"10","author":"Bloch-Ibenfeldt","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open. Sport. & Exerc. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2021.1984398","article-title":"Ten German versions of Rey\u2019s auditory verbal learning test: Age and sex effects in 4,000 adults of the Rhineland Study","volume":"43","author":"Boenniger","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.31.75","article-title":"Minimal clinically important difference for grip strength: A systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Bohannon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.12.010","article-title":"Physical activity over a decade modifies age-related decline in perfusion, gray matter volume, and functional connectivity of the posterior default-mode network\u2014A multimodal approach","volume":"131","author":"Boraxbekk","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0068-2","article-title":"Maintenance, reserve and compensation: The cognitive neuroscience of healthy ageing","volume":"19","author":"Cabeza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.16.4.588","article-title":"The \u201ccommon cause hypothesis\u201d of cognitive aging: Evidence for not only a common factor but also specific associations of age with vision and grip strength in a cross-sectional analysis","volume":"16","author":"Christensen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxs004","article-title":"The Dynamic Relationship Between Physical Function and Cognition in Longitudinal Aging Cohorts","volume":"35","author":"Clouston","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Rev."},{"issue":"s2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12197","article-title":"Health and Aging: Development of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing Health Assessment","volume":"61","author":"Cronin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.08.028","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies examining the relationship between mobility and cognition in healthy older adults","volume":"50","author":"Demnitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4299","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26346","article-title":"Is it all in the baseline? Trajectories of chair stand performance over 4 years and their association with grey matter structure in older adults","volume":"44","author":"Demnitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Human. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00155","article-title":"Associations between Mobility, Cognition, and Brain Structure in Healthy Older Adults","volume":"9","author":"Demnitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.113061","article-title":"Effects of physical activity on brain function and structure in older adults: A systematic review","volume":"402","author":"Domingos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.034","article-title":"Physical activity, fitness, and gray matter volume","volume":"35","author":"Erickson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012951","article-title":"Physical activity as intervention for age-related loss of muscle mass and function: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial (the LISA study)","volume":"6","author":"Eriksen","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2022.2106890","article-title":"Regression-based normative data for the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test in Norwegian and Swedish adults aged 49\u201379 and comparison with published norms","volume":"37","author":"Espenes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"sup1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2020.1829068","article-title":"Demographically adjusted trail making test norms in a Scandinavian sample from 41 to 84 years","volume":"34","author":"Espenes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12857","article-title":"Handgrip strength and all-cause dementia incidence and mortality: Findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Esteban-Cornejo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cachex-.-. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa322","article-title":"Independent Contributions of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Structure and Function to Working Memory in Healthy Older Adults","volume":"31","author":"Evangelista","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2014.02.004","article-title":"What is normal in normal aging? Effects of aging, amyloid and Alzheimer\u2019s disease on the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus","volume":"117","author":"Fjell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Progress. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/REVNEURO.2010.21.3.187","article-title":"Structural Brain Changes in Aging: Courses, Causes and Cognitive Consequences","volume":"21","author":"Fjell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae226","article-title":"Effects of controlled supramaximal high-intensity interval training on muscle capacities and physical functions for older adults: Analysis of secondary outcomes from the Ume\u00e5 HIT study\u2014a randomised controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"Frykholm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib26","article-title":"Longitudinal association between hippocampus atrophy and episodic-memory decline in non-demented APOE \u03b54 carriers","volume":"12","author":"Gorbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019S. & Dement. Diagn. Assess. & Dis. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.12.002","article-title":"Longitudinal association between hippocampus atrophy and episodic-memory decline","volume":"51","author":"Gorbach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2020.111049","article-title":"Maintenance of muscle strength following a one-year resistance training program in older adults","volume":"139","author":"Gylling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2020.110939","article-title":"The influence of prolonged strength training upon muscle and fat in healthy and chronically diseased older adults","volume":"136","author":"Gylling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.024","article-title":"Brain morphology, cognition, and \u03b2-amyloid in older adults with superior memory performance","volume":"67","author":"Harrison","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbas.2021.100027","article-title":"Model of brain maintenance reveals specific change-change association between medial-temporal lobe integrity and episodic memory","volume":"2","author":"Johansson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Brain"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12000","article-title":"Genetic and Lifestyle Predictors of 15-Year Longitudinal Change in Episodic Memory","volume":"60","author":"Josefsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100620920576","article-title":"Education and Cognitive Functioning Across the Life Span","volume":"21","author":"L\u00f6vd\u00e9n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci. Public. Interest."},{"issue":"ement 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib34","first-page":"i59","article-title":"Linking Biological and Cognitive Aging: Toward Improving Characterizations of Developmental Time","volume":"66B","author":"MacDonald","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B Psychol. Sci. Social. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad054","article-title":"Normative values for grip strength, gait speed, timed up and go, single leg balance, and chair rise derived from the Canadian longitudinal study on ageing","volume":"52","author":"Mayhew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.12.008","article-title":"Toward a functional future for the cognitive neuroscience of human aging","volume":"113","author":"Mooraj","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A Brief Screening Tool For Mild Cognitive Impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib38","first-page":"P113","article-title":"General Lifestyle Activities as a Predictor of Current Cognition and Cognitive Change in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Examination","volume":"60","author":"Newson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B Psychol. Sci. Social. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13825589708256633","article-title":"The betula prospective cohort study: Memory, health, and aging","volume":"4","author":"Nilsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aging Neuropsychol. Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbas.2023.100070","article-title":"Longitudinal change-change associations of cognition with cortical thickness and surface area","volume":"3","author":"Nyberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Brain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5075","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac400","article-title":"Individual differences in brain aging: Heterogeneity in cortico-hippocampal but not caudate atrophy rates","volume":"33","author":"Nyberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.04.005","article-title":"Memory aging and brain maintenance","volume":"16","author":"Nyberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2101644118","article-title":"Educational attainment does not influence brain aging","volume":"118","author":"Nyberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010418-103052","article-title":"Successful Memory Aging","volume":"70","author":"Nyberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00298","article-title":"Cognitive Aging and the Hippocampus in Older Adults","volume":"8","author":"O\u2019Shea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz173","article-title":"Cohort Profile: The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)","volume":"48","author":"Raina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1037\/h0044509","article-title":"The relation of the Trail Making Test to organic brain damage","volume":"19","author":"Reitan","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. Consult. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.084","article-title":"Within-subject template estimation for unbiased longitudinal image analysis","volume":"61","author":"Reuter","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbad156","article-title":"Differential Longitudinal Associations Between Domains of Cognitive Function and Physical Function: A 20-Year Follow-Up Study","volume":"79","author":"Sala","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000288","article-title":"Trajectories of normal cognitive aging","volume":"34","author":"Salthouse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbx126","article-title":"Age-Varying Relationships Between Physical Function and Cognition in Older Adulthood","volume":"74","author":"Sprague","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e316","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00004-4","article-title":"Effect of a physical activity and behaviour maintenance programme on functional mobility decline in older adults: The REACT (Retirement in Action) randomised controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Stathi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2012.656576","article-title":"Performances on five verbal fluency tests in a healthy, elderly Danish sample","volume":"20","author":"Stokholm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging Neuropsychol. Cogn."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-021-00525-0","article-title":"Associations between health-related quality of life and physical function in older adults with or at risk of mobility disability after discharge from the hospital","volume":"12","author":"Sunde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Geriatr. Med."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002570","article-title":"Better verbal memory in women than men in MCI despite similar levels of hippocampal atrophy","volume":"86","author":"Sundermann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2011.00909.x","article-title":"Performances on Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Rey Complex Figure Test in a healthy, elderly Danish sample \u2013 reference data and validity issues","volume":"53","author":"Vogel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand. J. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691611406923","article-title":"Statistical Evidence in Experimental Psychology: An Empirical Comparison Using 855 t Tests","volume":"6","author":"Wetzels","year":"2011","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215454","article-title":"Association between grip strength and cognitive function in US older adults of NHANES 2011\u20132014","volume":"89","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.02.005","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex and executive functions in healthy adults: A meta-analysis of structural neuroimaging studies","volume":"42","author":"Yuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. & Biobehav. Rev."}],"container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432826002743?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432826002743?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T06:17:04Z","timestamp":1783145824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166432826002743"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["S0166432826002743"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298","relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-4328"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-4328","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Current levels vs. longitudinal changes: A 7-year study on physical function, brain structure and cognition in older adults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behavioural Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116298","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116298"}}