{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:54:15Z","timestamp":1791323655193,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":416,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013827","name":"INTI International University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T14:56:14Z","timestamp":1788533774000},"page":"116455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases: A new frontier in diagnosis and therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"516","author":[{"given":"Suleiman Ibrahim","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9866-4045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asokan","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghaleb","family":"Oriquat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tushar B.","family":"Gajjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malathi","family":"Hanumanthayya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep Kumar","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navin Kumar","family":"Tailor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirza R.","family":"Baig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Fadaam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir S.","family":"Abdul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib1","series-title":"Deep learning approaches for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases","first-page":"25","article-title":"Introduction to neurodegenerative diseases","author":"Seyedebrahimi","year":"2024"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4610","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094610","article-title":"Molecular biomarkers and their implications for the early diagnosis of selected neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"23","author":"Doroszkiewicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib3","article-title":"\u03b2, tau, \u03b1-synuclein, huntingtin, TDP-43, PrP and AA are members of the innate immune system: a unifying hypothesis on the etiology of AD, PD, HD, ALS, CJD and RSA as innate immunity disorders","volume":"000604","author":"Bandea","year":"2013","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"6248","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1255555","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s diseases: The prion concept in relation to assembled A\u03b2, tau, and \u03b1-synuclein","volume":"349","author":"Goedert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2023.1208876","article-title":"Neural circuit and synaptic dysfunctions in ALS-FTD pathology","volume":"17","author":"Mora","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circuits"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12592","article-title":"Invited review: the role of prion-like mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"46","author":"Jaunmuktane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1159\/000527182","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles and the stress system","volume":"113","author":"Makrygianni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-024-01518-w","article-title":"The role of extracellular vesicles and microparticles in central nervous system disorders: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic potential","volume":"44","author":"Najdaghi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105605","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles: New horizons in neurodegeneration","volume":"113","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24020927","article-title":"Contribution of extracellular vesicles and molecular chaperones in age-related neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS","volume":"24","author":"Noori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noae068","article-title":"Circulating extracellular vesicles as biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring in glioblastoma patients","volume":"26","author":"Ricklefs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.70066","article-title":"Advancing extracellular vesicle research: a review of systems biology and multiomics perspectives","volume":"26","author":"Kemunto","year":"2026","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.20517\/evcna.2025.161","article-title":"80 years of extracellular vesicles: from discovery to clinical translation","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Extracell. Vesicles Circ. Nucleic Acids"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-024-00990-2","article-title":"Exosomes: from basic research to clinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer","volume":"48","author":"Araujo-Abad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01103-6","article-title":"A review of the regulatory mechanisms of extracellular vesicles-mediated intercellular communication","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Commun. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chargaff E., West R. The biological significance of the thromboplastic protein of Wood. 1946.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)34997-9"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0598-594","article-title":"Eradication of established murine tumors using a novel cell-free vaccine: dendritic cell derived exosomes","volume":"4","author":"Zitvogel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9412","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)48095-7","article-title":"Vesicle formation during reticulocyte maturation. Association of plasma membrane activities with released vesicles (exosomes)","volume":"262","author":"Johnstone","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001450","article-title":"Vesiclepedia: a compendium for extracellular vesicles with continuous community annotation","volume":"10","author":"Kalra","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS. Biol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201592484","article-title":"ESCRT s are everywhere","volume":"34","author":"Hurley","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3012","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201696003","article-title":"Qualitative differences in T-cell activation by dendritic cell-derived extracellular vesicle subtypes","volume":"36","author":"Tkach","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1800","article-title":"Glioblastoma microvesicles transport RNA and proteins that promote tumour growth and provide diagnostic biomarkers","volume":"10","author":"Skog","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01111","article-title":"Apoptotic tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles as important regulators of the onco-regenerative niche","volume":"9","author":"Gregory","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6407","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.101129998","article-title":"Horizontal transfer of oncogenes by uptake of apoptotic bodies","volume":"98","author":"Bergsmedh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib25","first-page":"3171","article-title":"Cellular functions of Rab GTPases at a glance","volume":"128","author":"Zhen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.03.007","article-title":"Cancer-secreted miR-105 destroys vascular endothelial barriers to promote metastasis","volume":"25","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2000","article-title":"Rab27a and Rab27b control different steps of the exosome secretion pathway","volume":"12","author":"Ostrowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8070727","article-title":"Overview of extracellular vesicles, their origin, composition, purpose, and methods for exosome isolation and analysis","volume":"8","author":"Doyle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2016.02.011","article-title":"Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles in neural cells and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"1858","author":"Janas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Et. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Biomembr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib30","series-title":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","article-title":"editors. Endosome maturation, transport and functions","author":"Scott","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-019-0282-2","article-title":"Exosomes: biogenesis, biologic function and clinical potential","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. & Biosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-018-0250-9","article-title":"Specificities of secretion and uptake of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles for cell-to-cell communication","volume":"21","author":"Mathieu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.01.028","article-title":"The ESCRT machinery","volume":"22","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.125","article-title":"Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles","volume":"19","author":"van Niel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2009.00920.x","article-title":"Multivesicular endosome biogenesis in the absence of ESCRTs","volume":"10","author":"Stuffers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1080\/21541248.2016.1215283","article-title":"Biology and biogenesis of shed microvesicles","volume":"8","author":"Tricarico","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small GTPases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3816-z","article-title":"Exosomes and microvesicles in normal physiology, pathophysiology, and renal diseases","volume":"34","author":"St\u00e5hl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4740","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2011.636","article-title":"RhoA triggers a specific signaling pathway that generates transforming microvesicles in cancer cells","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4146","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1200448109","article-title":"Formation and release of arrestin domain-containing protein 1-mediated microvesicles (ARMMs) at plasma membrane by recruitment of TSG101 protein","volume":"109","author":"Nabhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00767-2","article-title":"Plasma membrane-derived extracellular microvesicles mediate non-canonical intercellular NOTCH signaling","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/85438","article-title":"Tumor-derived exosomes are a source of shared tumor rejection antigens for CTL cross-priming","volume":"7","author":"Wolfers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1596","article-title":"Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells","volume":"9","author":"Valadi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v3.24641","article-title":"Routes and mechanisms of extracellular vesicle uptake","volume":"3","author":"Mulcahy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Extracell. vesicles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-041015-055700","article-title":"Antigen presentation by extracellular vesicles from professional antigen-presenting cells","volume":"36","author":"Lindenbergh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13123040","article-title":"The cellular and biological impact of extracellular vesicles in pancreatic cancer","volume":"13","author":"Hussain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16122179","article-title":"Extracellular vesicular miRNA in pancreatic cancer: from lab to therapy","volume":"16","author":"Tiwari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03071-y","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle isolation methods: rising impact of size-exclusion chromatography","volume":"76","author":"Mongui\u00f3-Tortajada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib48","series-title":"Investigating the Role of Exercise-Induced Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Adult Myogenesis and Neurogenesis","author":"Paris","year":"2019"},{"issue":"13-14","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.202000118","article-title":"Understanding extracellular vesicle and nanoparticle heterogeneity: Novel methods and considerations","volume":"21","author":"Phillips","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib50","series-title":"Extracellular vesicles or exosomes? On primacy, precision, and popularity influencing a choice of nomenclature","author":"Witwer","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01735-1","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4464","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666191206162712","article-title":"Methods for the Determination of the Purity of Exosomes","volume":"25","author":"Kluszczy\u0144ska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00258-9","article-title":"Application of exosomes as liquid biopsy in clinical diagnosis","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202101741","article-title":"Bone-a-Petite: Engineering Exosomes towards Bone, Osteochondral, and Cartilage Repair","volume":"17","author":"Bei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib55","first-page":"80","article-title":"Isolation and analysis methods of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Extracell Vesicles","volume":"2","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ. Nucl. Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8545347","article-title":"Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles: General Methodologies and Latest Trends","volume":"2018","author":"Konoshenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.07.021","article-title":"New insight into isolation, identification techniques and medical applications of exosomes","volume":"308","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01479","article-title":"Isolation of High-Purity Extracellular Vesicles by the Combination of Iodixanol Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation and Bind-Elute Chromatography From Blood Plasma","volume":"9","author":"On\u00f3di","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib59","first-page":"182","article-title":"Comparison of the yield and purity of plasma exosomes extracted by ultracentrifugation, precipitation, and membrane-based approaches","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.18133","article-title":"Progress in Exosome Isolation Techniques","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib61","first-page":"83","article-title":"A highly efficient method for isolating urinary exosomes","volume":"43","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00162","article-title":"Impact of biofluid viscosity on size and sedimentation efficiency of the isolated microvesicles","volume":"3","author":"Momen-Heravi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6466","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186466","article-title":"A Review of Exosomal Isolation Methods: Is Size Exclusion Chromatography the Best Option?","volume":"21","author":"Sidhom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci. [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.201600699","article-title":"Exosome separation using microfluidic systems: size-based, immunoaffinity-based and dynamic methodologies","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biotechnol. J."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-015-8711-5","article-title":"Molecular screening of cancer-derived exosomes by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy","volume":"407","author":"Grasso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/btpr.2983","article-title":"A novel approach to evaluate ELISA antibody coverage of host cell proteins\u2014combining ELISA-based immunocapture and mass spectrometry","volume":"36","author":"Pilely","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Progress."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103310","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of CD34+ blast-derived exosomes in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"9","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5335","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41800-2","article-title":"Comparative analysis of exosome isolation methods using culture supernatant for optimum yield, purity and downstream applications","volume":"9","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.top074476","article-title":"Strategies for isolation of exosomes","volume":"2015","author":"Zeringer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Protoc."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201903916","article-title":"Progress in Microfluidics-Based Exosome Separation and Detection Technologies for Diagnostic Applications","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0221219","article-title":"Nanoscopic technologies toward molecular profiling of single extracellular vesicles for cancer liquid biopsy","volume":"12","author":"Jalali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.256","article-title":"Comparison of protein, microRNA, and mRNA yields using different methods of urinary exosome isolation for the discovery of kidney disease biomarkers","volume":"82","author":"Alvarez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3684","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.41580","article-title":"Progress, opportunity, and perspective on exosome isolation - efforts for efficient exosome-based theranostics","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"n\/a","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib74","article-title":"Advancing Cancer Diagnostics: Technologies for Quantifying the Particle Concentration of Extracellular Vesicles in Complex Biological Samples","volume":"n\/a","author":"Str\u00f6hle","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4672","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29194672","article-title":"Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis: An Effective Tool to Characterize Extracellular Vesicles","volume":"29","author":"Kowkabany","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21981","article-title":"Microscopy based methods for characterization, drug delivery, and understanding the dynamics of nanoparticles","volume":"44","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2011.04.003","article-title":"Sizing and phenotyping of cellular vesicles using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Dragovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2018.1535750","article-title":"Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines","volume":"7","author":"Th\u00e9ry","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12090","article-title":"Emerging methods in biomarker identification for extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib80","author":"de Boer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. a multi-Stage Purif. Process. Serum-Deriv. exosomes Eval. their Regen. Capacit."},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202401069","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicle Preparation and Analysis: A State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00354","article-title":"Alternative methods for characterization of extracellular vesicles","volume":"3","author":"Momen-Heravi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.125","article-title":"Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles","volume":"19","author":"van Niel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0251-y","article-title":"RNA delivery by extracellular vesicles in mammalian cells and its applications","volume":"21","author":"O'Brien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"6478","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6977","article-title":"The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes","volume":"367","author":"Kalluri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5203-3_1","article-title":"History, Discovery, and Classification of lncRNAs","volume":"1008","author":"Jarroux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib87","first-page":"2018","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles as Carriers of Non-coding RNAs in Liver Diseases","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3629","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20180675","article-title":"Exosomal KLF3-AS1 from hMSCs promoted cartilage repair and chondrocyte proliferation in osteoarthritis","volume":"475","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib89","series-title":"Biogenesis and Functions","first-page":"109","article-title":"Circular RNA in Exosomes","author":"Fanale","year":"2018"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17132186","article-title":"The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicle-Derived lncRNAs and circRNAs in Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Biological Functions and Potential for Clinical Application","volume":"17","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancers [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0935-5","article-title":"Circular RNA circNRIP1 acts as a microRNA-149-5p sponge to promote gastric cancer progression via the AKT1\/mTOR pathway","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20190110","article-title":"CircRASSF2 promotes laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma progression by regulating the miR-302b-3p\/IGF-1R axis","volume":"133","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2018.04.035","article-title":"Tumor-released exosomal circular RNA PDE8A promotes invasive growth via the miR-338\/MACC1\/MET pathway in pancreatic cancer","volume":"432","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1447","article-title":"FLI1 Exonic Circular RNAs as a Novel Oncogenic Driver to Promote Tumor Metastasis in Small Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-015-0116-z","article-title":"Human bone marrow- and adipose-mesenchymal stem cells secrete exosomes enriched in distinctive miRNA and tRNA species","volume":"6","author":"Baglio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.11.073","article-title":"Selective Export into Extracellular Vesicles and Function of tRNA Fragments during T Cell Activation","volume":"25","author":"Chiou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-023-01169-8","article-title":"Curcumin attenuates memory impairments and long-term potentiation deficits by damping hippocampal inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-challenged rats","volume":"38","author":"Hajipour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"issue":"1652","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0502","article-title":"Analysis of the RNA content of the exosomes derived from blood serum and urine and its potential as biomarkers","volume":"369","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01196-x","article-title":"Coding and noncoding landscape of extracellular RNA released by human glioma stem cells","volume":"8","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.68","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative disease\u2014pathogenesis to biomarkers","volume":"12","author":"Thompson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-022-00330-0","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles, from the pathogenesis to the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"11","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-021-00805-8","article-title":"Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1868-1","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology propagation by exosomes containing toxic amyloid-beta oligomers","volume":"136","author":"Sardar Sinha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13514","article-title":"Exosomal cellular prion protein drives fibrillization of amyloid beta and counteracts amyloid beta-mediated neurotoxicity","volume":"137","author":"Falker","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24488","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.577213","article-title":"Decreased amyloid-\u03b2 pathologies by intracerebral loading of glycosphingolipid-enriched exosomes in Alzheimer model mice","volume":"289","author":"Yuyama","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"8022","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07680-x","article-title":"CryoET of \u03b2-amyloid and tau within postmortem Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain","volume":"631","author":"Gilbert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.766082","article-title":"Multi-omics analysis of microglial extracellular vesicles from human Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain tissue reveals disease-associated signatures","volume":"12","author":"Cohn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.14336","article-title":"The Microglial membrane receptor TREM2 mediates exosome secretion to promote phagocytosis of amyloid-\u03b2 by microglia","volume":"596","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4132","article-title":"Depletion of microglia and inhibition of exosome synthesis halt tau propagation","volume":"18","author":"Asai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2018.05.015","article-title":"Secretome from SH-SY5Y APPSwe cells trigger time-dependent CHME3 microglia activation phenotypes, ultimately leading to miR-21 exosome shuttling","volume":"155","author":"Fernandes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.793388","article-title":"Exosomes mediate APP dysregulation via APP-miR-185-5p Axis","volume":"10","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib112","first-page":"63","article-title":"Prediction of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia with neuronally derived blood exosome protein profile","volume":"3","author":"Winston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimer's. & Dement. Diagn. Assess. & Dis. Monit."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02254-3","article-title":"Exosomes induce endolysosomal permeabilization as a gateway by which exosomal tau seeds escape into the cytosol","volume":"141","author":"Polanco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2019.101006","article-title":"Endosomal dysfunction impacts extracellular vesicle release: Central role in A\u03b2 pathology","volume":"58","author":"Arbo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00029","article-title":"A\u03b242 protofibrils interact with and are trafficked through microglial-derived microvesicles","volume":"9","author":"Gouwens","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa376","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain-derived extracellular vesicles spread tau pathology in interneurons","volume":"144","author":"Ruan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib117","first-page":"288","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain-derived extracellular vesicles reveal altered synapse-related proteome and induce cognitive impairment in mice","volume":"144","author":"Bodart-Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement. 2023 19 54185436. Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25172","article-title":"High complement levels in astrocyte-derived exosomes of Alzheimer disease","volume":"83","author":"Goetzl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600756R","article-title":"Cargo proteins of plasma astrocyte-derived exosomes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Goetzl","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.012","article-title":"Exosome reduction in vivo is associated with lower amyloid plaque load in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"35","author":"Dinkins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa090","article-title":"Microglial exosomes facilitate \u03b1-synuclein transmission in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"143","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac261","article-title":"CSF-derived extracellular vesicles from patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease induce symptoms and pathology","volume":"146","author":"Herman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1395992","article-title":"Autophagy inhibition promotes SNCA\/alpha-synuclein release and transfer via extracellular vesicles with a hybrid autophagosome-exosome-like phenotype","volume":"14","author":"Minakaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25557","article-title":"Increased immune activation by pathologic \u03b1-synuclein in Parkinson's disease","volume":"86","author":"Grozdanov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab122","article-title":"Reactive microglia enhance the transmission of exosomal \u03b1-synuclein via toll-like receptor 2","volume":"144","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-7-42","article-title":"Exosomal cell-to-cell transmission of alpha synuclein oligomers","volume":"7","author":"Danzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6838","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5699-09.2010","article-title":"Cell-produced \u03b1-synuclein is secreted in a calcium-dependent manner by exosomes and impacts neuronal survival","volume":"30","author":"Emmanouilidou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv346","article-title":"Induction of \u03b1-synuclein aggregate formation by CSF exosomes from patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"139","author":"Stuendl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.06.009","article-title":"Exosomes of BV-2 cells induced by alpha-synuclein: important mediator of neurodegeneration in PD","volume":"548","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.585703","article-title":"Acceleration of \u03b1-synuclein aggregation by exosomes","volume":"290","author":"Grey","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2019-0222","article-title":"\u03b1-synuclein accumulation in SH-SY5Y cell impairs autophagy in microglia by exosomes overloading miR-19a-3p","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.09.016","article-title":"Intercellular transfer of pathogenic \u03b1-synuclein by extracellular vesicles is induced by the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5598","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105598","article-title":"Huntingtin co-isolates with small extracellular vesicles from blood plasma of TgHD and KI-HD pig models of Huntington\u2019s disease and human blood plasma","volume":"23","author":"Ananbeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00273","article-title":"Exosomes from NSC-34 cells transfected with hSOD1-G93A are enriched in miR-124 and drive alterations in microglia phenotype","volume":"11","author":"Pinto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.10.013","article-title":"Microglial overexpression of fALS-linked mutant SOD1 induces SOD1 processing impairment, activation and neurotoxicity and is counteracted by the autophagy inducer trehalose","volume":"1864","author":"Massenzio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Et. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00109","article-title":"Phenotypic effects of wild-type and mutant SOD1 expression in N9 murine microglia at steady state, inflammatory and immunomodulatory conditions","volume":"13","author":"Vaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.09.032","article-title":"Cell-to-cell transmission of dipeptide repeat proteins linked to C9orf72-ALS\/FTD","volume":"17","author":"Westergard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.03.048","article-title":"MicroRNA expression profiles of neuron-derived extracellular vesicles in plasma from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"708","author":"Katsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15699","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.425066","article-title":"Mutant copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) induces protein secretion pathway alterations and exosome release in astrocytes: implications for disease spreading and motor neuron pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"288","author":"Basso","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2014.905606","article-title":"Limited role of free TDP-43 as a diagnostic tool in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"15","author":"Feneberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Amyotroph. Lateral Scler. Front. Degener."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.04.002","article-title":"Enrichment of prion protein in exosomes derived from ovine cerebral spinal fluid","volume":"124","author":"Vella","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9683","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308413101","article-title":"Cells release prions in association with exosomes","volume":"101","author":"Fevrier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.12.032","article-title":"Hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"186","author":"Wilson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5847","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2 and tau: the trigger and bullet in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis","volume":"71","author":"Bloom","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012743","article-title":"Connectome-based biophysical models of pathological protein spreading in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"21","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLOS Comput. Biol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10068","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251810068","article-title":"Emerging role of extracellular vesicles as biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases and their clinical and therapeutic potential in central nervous system pathologies","volume":"25","author":"Malaguarnera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2025.111537","article-title":"Microglia-Astroglia-Neuron network following stroke: Novel insight into extracellular vesicles communication","volume":"231","author":"Wan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib148","article-title":"Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Microglia Activation and Function","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. (Basel)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4501","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-022-02863-x","article-title":"The amyloid precursor protein: A converging point in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"59","author":"Delport","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9357com","article-title":"Inhibition of \u03b3-secretase causes increased secretion of amyloid precursor protein C-terminal fragments in association with exosomes","volume":"22","author":"Sharples","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.05128.x","article-title":"Accelerated release of exosome-associated GM1 ganglioside (GM1) by endocytic pathway abnormality: another putative pathway for GM1-induced amyloid fibril formation","volume":"105","author":"Yuyama","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2024.168464","article-title":"Impact of membrane phospholipids and exosomes on the kinetics of amyloid-\u03b2 fibril assembly","volume":"436","author":"Khursheed","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-020-00981-y","article-title":"vivo evidence of exosome-mediated A\u03b2 neurotoxicity","volume":"8","author":"Elsherbini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac083","article-title":"Microglial large extracellular vesicles propagate early synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"145","author":"Gabrielli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/npjamd.2016.19","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle-associated A\u03b2 mediates trans-neuronal bioenergetic and Ca2+-handling deficits in Alzheimer\u2019s disease models","volume":"2","author":"Eitan","year":"2016","journal-title":"NPJ Aging Mech. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib156","series-title":"Understanding the role of glia and oligomeric tau in the early synapse loss of Alzheimer disease dementia","author":"Taddei","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01801-5","article-title":"Tau filaments are tethered within brain extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"28","author":"Fowler","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.317975","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles drive tau spreading in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Ruan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib159","article-title":"Possible mechanisms of tau spread and toxicity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-020-00396-2","article-title":"P2RX7 inhibitor suppresses exosome secretion and disease phenotype in P301S tau transgenic mice","volume":"15","author":"Ruan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030663","article-title":"Detection of aggregation-competent tau in neuron-derived extracellular vesicles","volume":"19","author":"Guix","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.11.004","article-title":"Neuron-derived exosomes with high miR-21-5p expression promoted polarization of M1 microglia in culture","volume":"83","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2022.0607","article-title":"Long RNA profiles of human brain extracellular vesicles provide new insights into the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.833066","article-title":"Protective signature of IFN\u03b3-Stimulated Microglia relies on Mir-124-3p regulation from the Secretome released by mutant APP Swedish neuronal cells","volume":"13","author":"Garcia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010063","article-title":"Emerging roles of Extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: focus on synaptic dysfunction and vesicle\u2013Neuron Interaction","volume":"12","author":"Gabrielli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.148919","article-title":"M1-type microglia-derived exosomes contribute to blood\u2013brain barrier damage","volume":"1835","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.RA120.002079","article-title":"Dysregulation of exosome cargo by mutant tau expressed in human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) neurons revealed by proteomics analyses","volume":"19","author":"Podvin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. & Cell. Proteom."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.06.008","article-title":"Identification of preclinical Alzheimer's disease by a profile of pathogenic proteins in neurally derived blood exosomes: a case-control study","volume":"11","author":"Fiandaca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimer's. & Dement."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s12062-022-09365-7","article-title":"Can dementia become the most prevalent disease at the time of death in Germany? Projections up to the year 2060 for the five most important diseases at the time of death","volume":"15","author":"Doblhammer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Popul. Ageing"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8272","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178272","article-title":"Central Nervous System-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"26","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3842","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.277061","article-title":"Exosome-associated tau is secreted in tauopathy models and is selectively phosphorylated in cerebrospinal fluid in early Alzheimer disease","volume":"287","author":"Saman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib172","first-page":"P281","article-title":"DT-01-04: PATHOGENIC PROTEINS IN NEURALLY-DERIVED BLOOD EXOSOMES AS NEAR-PERFECT DIAGNOSTIC AND","author":"Kapogiannis","year":"2014","journal-title":"PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS Alzheimer's. Dis. Alzheimer's. & Dement."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2462","article-title":"Association of extracellular vesicle biomarkers with Alzheimer disease in the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging","volume":"76","author":"Kapogiannis","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2018.1535750","article-title":"Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines","volume":"7","author":"Th\u00e9ry","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Extracell. vesicles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1194210","article-title":"A new diagnostic tool for brain disorders: extracellular vesicles derived from neuron, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.309","article-title":"Plasma neuronal exosomal levels of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in normal aging","volume":"3","author":"Abner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001702","article-title":"Altered lysosomal proteins in neural-derived plasma exosomes in preclinical Alzheimer disease","volume":"85","author":"Goetzl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.08.012","article-title":"Neuronal exosomes reveal Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in Down syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Hamlett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimer's. & Dement."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11030436","article-title":"Neuronal-Derived EV Biomarkers Track Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"11","author":"Eren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells [Internet]"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4141","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600816R","article-title":"Decreased synaptic proteins in neuronal exosomes of frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"30","author":"Goetzl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Faseb J."},{"issue":"s1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S387","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220829","article-title":"Pathological (Dis)Similarities in Neuronal Exosome-Derived Synaptic and Organellar Marker Levels Between Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia","volume":"94","author":"Krishna","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-262048","article-title":"Dysfunctionally phosphorylated type 1 insulin receptor substrate in neural-derived blood exosomes of preclinical Alzheimer's disease","volume":"29","author":"Kapogiannis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Faseb J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12130","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease associated with sub-clinical cognitive decline in late middle age","volume":"16","author":"Eren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimer's. & Dement."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01303-9","article-title":"Neuron-derived extracellular vesicles in blood reveal effects of exercise in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Delgado-Peraza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimer's. Res. & Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.135914","article-title":"Proteome profiling of neuron-derived exosomes in Alzheimer's disease reveals hemoglobin as a potential biomarker","volume":"755","author":"Arioz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139233","article-title":"Plasma Exosomal miRNAs in Persons with and without Alzheimer Disease: Altered Expression and Prospects for Biomarkers","volume":"10","author":"Lugli","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.02.044","article-title":"Profile of Pathogenic Proteins and MicroRNAs in Plasma-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Pilot Study","volume":"432","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8826","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1032-x","article-title":"MicroRNA Expression Levels Are Altered in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Young-Onset Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"55","author":"McKeever","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041505","article-title":"Lipids and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"21","author":"Kao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci. [Internet]"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13080702","article-title":"Lipidomic Analysis of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Patients","volume":"13","author":"Krokidis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells [Internet]"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15430","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05216-6","article-title":"Deciphering molecular and signaling pathways of extracellular vesicles-based therapeutics for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"62","author":"Dhapola","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03443-1","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles as therapeutic modulators of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a focus on signaling mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16121721","article-title":"Single and multitarget systems for drug delivery and detection: up-to-date strategies for brain disorders","volume":"16","author":"Grosso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2023.2279115","article-title":"Delivery of mitochondria-containing extracellular vesicles to the BBB for ischemic stroke therapy","volume":"20","author":"Dave","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Drug. Deliv."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01249-0","article-title":"The amyloid-\u03b2 pathway in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Hampel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib196","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles mitigate hallmarks of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Apodaca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019S. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8091059","article-title":"Intracerebral injection of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells exerts reduced A\u03b2 plaque burden in early stages of a preclinical model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Elia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01197","article-title":"Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells secrete functional neprilysin-bound exosomes","volume":"3","author":"Katsuda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7481","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR01255A","article-title":"Curcumin-primed exosomes potently ameliorate cognitive function in AD mice by inhibiting hyperphosphorylation of the Tau protein through the AKT\/GSK-3\u03b2 pathway","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12841","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232112841","article-title":"Phosphorylated tau in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other tauopathies","volume":"23","author":"Rawat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2020.1762262","article-title":"Brain delivery of quercetin-loaded exosomes improved cognitive function in AD mice by inhibiting phosphorylated tau-mediated neurofibrillary tangles","volume":"27","author":"Qi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug. Deliv."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.01.019","article-title":"Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in aging and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"16","author":"Babcock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.08.003","article-title":"VEGF and FGF-2: Promising targets for the treatment of respiratory disorders","volume":"156","author":"Laddha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3108","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11193108","article-title":"The emerging role of pericyte-derived extracellular vesicles in vascular and neurological health","volume":"11","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-42485-4","article-title":"Stem cells-derived exosomes alleviate neurodegeneration and Alzheimer\u2019s pathogenesis by ameliorating neuroinflamation, and regulating the associated molecular pathways","volume":"13","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lmot.2022.101811","article-title":"Vanillic acid alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced anxiety\/depression-like behaviors and cerebral oxidative stress in male rats","volume":"78","author":"Moradi Vestegani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Learn. Motiv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/immuno6010012","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles in Neuroinflammation: Insights into Pathogenesis, Biomarker Potential, and Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"6","author":"Deshetty","year":"2026","journal-title":"Immuno"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700673r","article-title":"Increased miR-124-3p in microglial exosomes following traumatic brain injury inhibits neuronal inflammation and contributes to neurite outgrowth via their transfer into neurons","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S417465","article-title":"An exosome-based therapeutic strategy targeting neuroinflammation in alzheimer\u2019s disease with berberine and palmatine","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug. Des. Dev. Ther."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13093","article-title":"Dental pulp stem cell-derived exosomes alleviate cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury through suppressing inflammatory response","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Prolif."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12519","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells alleviate proinflammatory cascades within disease-associated microglia in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Madhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3148","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073148","article-title":"Oxidative stress, gut microbiota, and extracellular vesicles: interconnected pathways and therapeutic potentials","volume":"26","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1159\/000485089","article-title":"Antioxidants maintain cellular redox homeostasis by elimination of reactive oxygen species","volume":"44","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib214","article-title":"Oxidative stress in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: in vitro therapeutic effect of amniotic fluid stem cells extracellular vesicles","volume":"2020","author":"Gatti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.727272","article-title":"Emerging antioxidant paradigm of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome therapy","volume":"12","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c04753","article-title":"A biomimetic drug delivery system by integrating grapefruit extracellular vesicles and doxorubicin-loaded heparin-based nanoparticles for glioma therapy","volume":"21","author":"Niu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.81860","article-title":"Engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a state-of-the-art multifunctional weapon against Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13010122","article-title":"Unlocking the power of exosomes for crossing biological barriers in drug delivery","volume":"13","author":"Elliott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17101336","article-title":"Exosome-based drug delivery: a next-generation platform for cancer, infection, neurological and immunological diseases, gene therapy and regenerative medicine","volume":"17","author":"Serrano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00182","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles as mediators of neuron-glia communication","volume":"7","author":"Fruhbeis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib221","series-title":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology","article-title":"editors. Extracellular vesicles\u2013Their role in the packaging and spread of misfolded proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases","author":"Coleman","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1746","article-title":"Lewy bodies in grafted neurons in subjects with Parkinson's disease suggest host-to-graft disease propagation","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib223","first-page":"49","article-title":"Relationship of neighboring tissue and gliosis to \u03b1-synuclein pathology in a fetal transplant for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"1","author":"Ahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Neurodegener. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.805087","article-title":"Contribution of autophagy-lysosomal pathway in the exosomal secretion of alpha-synuclein and its impact in the progression of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Sep\u00falveda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5312","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20215312","article-title":"The overcrowded crossroads: mitochondria, alpha-synuclein, and the endo-lysosomal system interaction in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.580030","article-title":"Insights into the proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles for the identification of early biomarkers of neurodegeneration","volume":"11","author":"Quiroz-Baez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-018-0622-5","article-title":"Secretion and uptake of \u03b1-synuclein via extracellular vesicles in cultured cells","volume":"38","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.01.029","article-title":"Lysosomal dysfunction increases exosome-mediated alpha-synuclein release and transmission","volume":"42","author":"Alvarez-Erviti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039465","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein cell-to-cell transfer and seeding in grafted dopaminergic neurons in vivo","volume":"7","author":"Angot","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS. One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1807","article-title":"Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes","volume":"29","author":"Alvarez-Erviti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-68","article-title":"Exosomes as mediators of neuroinflammation","volume":"11","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-019-01810-z","article-title":"Exosomes from patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease are pathological in mice","volume":"97","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-1038-8","article-title":"vivo evidence for the contribution of peripheral circulating inflammatory exosomes to neuroinflammation","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib234","first-page":"217","article-title":"Exosomes-associated neurodegeneration and progression of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"1","author":"Russo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Neurodegener. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-12093-3","article-title":"Analysis of biomarkers in speculative CNS-enriched extracellular vesicles for parkinsonian disorders: a comprehensive systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis","volume":"271","author":"Taha","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24921","article-title":"Lewy pathology and neurodegeneration in premotor Parkinson's disease","volume":"27","author":"Del Tredici","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.147980","article-title":"Saliva \u03b1-synuclein and a high extinction coefficient protein: a novel approach in assessment biomarkers of Parkinson's disease","volume":"6","author":"Al-Nimer","year":"2014","journal-title":"North. Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2011.7.4.215","article-title":"Elevated levels of \u03b1-synuclein oligomer in the cerebrospinal fluid of drug-na\u00efve patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-23-02102","article-title":"Biomarker bust: meta-analyses reveal unreliability of neuronal extracellular vesicles for diagnosing parkinsonian disorders","volume":"20","author":"Taha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-24-01262","article-title":"Brain-derived extracellular vesicles: A promising avenue for Parkinson\u2019s disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib241","series-title":"Biogenesis and Function of Microglial Extracellular Vesicles in Neuroinflammation and Parkinson\u2019s Disease","author":"Biggs","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00125","article-title":"The exosomal\/total \u03b1-synuclein ratio in plasma is associated with glucocerebrosidase activity and correlates with measures of disease severity in PD patients","volume":"12","author":"Cerri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1314-y","article-title":"Plasma exosomal \u03b1-synuclein is likely CNS-derived and increased in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"128","author":"Shi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14208","article-title":"A longitudinal study on \u03b1-synuclein in plasma neuronal exosomes as a biomarker for Parkinson\u2019s disease development and progression","volume":"27","author":"Niu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-021-02324-0","article-title":"\u03b1-Synuclein in blood exosomes immunoprecipitated using neuronal and oligodendroglial markers distinguishes Parkinson\u2019s disease from multiple system atrophy","volume":"142","author":"Dutta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040805","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and aging: insights from the analysis of extracellular vesicles","volume":"20","author":"Picca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020504","article-title":"Mitochondrial signatures in circulating extracellular vesicles of older adults with Parkinson\u2019s disease: Results from the EXosomes in PArkiNson\u2019s Disease (EXPAND) study","volume":"9","author":"Picca","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.02.045","article-title":"MicroRNA biomarkers of Parkinson\u2019s disease in serum exosome-like microvesicles","volume":"644","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"sup1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2017.1411930","article-title":"A highly sensitive miR-195 nanobiosensor for early detection of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"46","author":"Aghili","year":"2018","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib250","first-page":"5278","article-title":"Circulating exosomal miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2020.1835899","article-title":"Differential expression and significance of miRNAs in plasma extracellular vesicles of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"132","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.04.020","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles in neuroinflammation: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy","volume":"29","author":"Ruan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010181","article-title":"Intranasally Administered Human MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Pervasively Incorporate into Neurons and Microglia in both Intact and Status Epilepticus Injured Forebrain","volume":"21","author":"Kodali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010181","article-title":"Intranasally administered human MSC-derived extracellular vesicles pervasively incorporate into neurons and microglia in both intact and status epilepticus injured forebrain","volume":"21","author":"Kodali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.268893","article-title":"Exosomes as mediators of neuron-glia communication in neuroinflammation","volume":"15","author":"Pascual","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061941","article-title":"Glia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Parkinson's Disease","volume":"9","author":"Marchetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2024.08.007","article-title":"Engineering therapeutical extracellular vesicles for clinical translation","volume":"43","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5241","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155241","article-title":"Insights into the effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"d\u2019Angelo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2575","article-title":"Concise Review: MSC-Derived Exosomes for Cell-Free Therapy","volume":"35","author":"Phinney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2021.0516","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson's Disease","volume":"12","author":"Upadhya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.136094","article-title":"microRNA-106b-containing extracellular vesicles affect autophagy of neurons by regulating CDKN2B in Parkinson's disease","volume":"760","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2014.07.013","article-title":"Exosomes from dental pulp stem cells rescue human dopaminergic neurons from 6-hydroxy-dopamine-induced apoptosis","volume":"17","author":"Jarmalavi\u010di\u016bt\u0117","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.368300","article-title":"Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate Parkinson's disease and neuronal damage through inhibition of microglia","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2014.07.013","article-title":"Exosomes from dental pulp stem cells rescue human dopaminergic neurons from 6-hydroxy-dopamine\u2013induced apoptosis","volume":"17","author":"Jarmalavi\u010di\u016bt\u0117","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.18-0162","article-title":"Intranasal Administration of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Teeth Stem Cells Improves Motor Symptoms and Normalizes Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression in the Substantia Nigra and Striatum of the 6-Hydroxydopamine-Treated Rats","volume":"8","author":"Narbute","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2473-5","article-title":"Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells repair a Parkinson\u2019s disease model by inducing autophagy","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. death & Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2473-5","article-title":"Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells repair a Parkinson's disease model by inducing autophagy","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.136414","article-title":"Exosomes isolated during dopaminergic neuron differentiation suppressed neuronal inflammation in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"771","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib269","unstructured":"Ponnusamy S., Philip A.E. Exosomes as Next-Generation Carriers for Brain Drug Delivery: Engineering, Formulation, Characterization, and Neurotherapeutic Applications. 2025."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2010.12.020","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein release by neurons activates the inflammatory response in a microglial cell line","volume":"69","author":"Alvarez-Erviti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.03.033","article-title":"Exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for Parkinson's disease therapy","volume":"207","author":"Haney","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.03.033","article-title":"Exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for Parkinson's disease therapy","volume":"207","author":"Haney","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.08.010","article-title":"Systemic exosomal delivery of shRNA minicircles prevents parkinsonian pathology","volume":"27","author":"Izco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25978","article-title":"Systemic exosomal siRNA delivery reduced alpha-synuclein aggregates in brains of transgenic mice","volume":"29","author":"Cooper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03733-8","article-title":"Designer exosomes produced by implanted cells intracerebrally deliver therapeutic cargo for Parkinson\u2019s disease treatment","volume":"9","author":"Kojima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.08.035","article-title":"Dopamine-loaded blood exosomes targeted to brain for better treatment of Parkinson's disease","volume":"287","author":"Qu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04493-w","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders: Potential therapeutic application of mitochondrial transfer to central nervous system-residing cells","volume":"21","author":"Bustamante-Barrientos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib278","article-title":"Therapeutic and diagnostic potential of extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated intercellular transfer of mitochondria and mitochondrial components","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. & Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib279","article-title":"Intranasal delivery of mitochondria for treatment of Parkinson's Disease model rats lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"7613","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18928","article-title":"Transfer of mitochondria from astrocytes to neurons after stroke","volume":"535","author":"Hayakawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8472","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9472","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells use extracellular vesicles to outsource mitophagy and shuttle microRNAs","volume":"6","author":"Phinney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib282","first-page":"293","article-title":"Huntington disease update: new insights into the role of repeat instability in disease pathogenesis","volume":"33","author":"Arning","year":"2021"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15482","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3258-14.2014","article-title":"Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in the nervous system","volume":"34","author":"Rajendran","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1185883","article-title":"A single intranasal dose of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles after traumatic brain injury eases neurogenesis decline, synapse loss, and BDNF-ERK-CREB signaling","volume":"16","author":"Kodali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6859","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186859","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles as Innovative Tool for Diagnosis, Regeneration and Protection against Neurological Damage","volume":"21","author":"Andjus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci. [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-021-00040-5","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles (exosomes and ectosomes) play key roles in the pathology of brain diseases","volume":"2","author":"Meldolesi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biomed."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.264454","article-title":"Blood extracellular vesicles (EVs) of central nervous system origin: a window into the brain","volume":"15","author":"Agliardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-68","article-title":"Exosomes as mediators of neuroinflammation","volume":"11","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00249-007-0246-z","article-title":"The role of exosomes in the processing of proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"37","author":"Vella","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Biophys. J."},{"issue":"4546","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"w14204","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2015.14204","article-title":"The regulation of exosome function in the CNS: implications for neurodegeneration","volume":"145","author":"Properzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Swiss Med. Wkly."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1830","article-title":"Cytoplasmic penetration and persistent infection of mammalian cells by polyglutamine aggregates","volume":"11","author":"Ren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3761","article-title":"Transneuronal propagation of mutant huntingtin contributes to non-cell autonomous pathology in neurons","volume":"17","author":"Pecho-Vrieseling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.23.2905","article-title":"R. Aggregated polyglutamine peptides delivered to nuclei are toxic to mammalian cells","volume":"11","author":"Dunlap","year":"2002","journal-title":"Human. Mol. Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24174","article-title":"Mutant huntingtin is present in neuronal grafts in huntington disease patients","volume":"76","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1582-9","article-title":"Human-to-mouse prion-like propagation of mutant huntingtin protein","volume":"132","author":"Jeon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-016-0350-7","article-title":"Potential Transfer of Polyglutamine and CAG-Repeat RNA in Extracellular Vesicles in Huntington\u2019s Disease: Background and Evaluation in Cell Culture","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11172748","article-title":"Functional intercellular transmission of miHTT via extracellular vesicles: an in Vitro Proof-of-mechanism study","volume":"11","author":"Morais","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13275","article-title":"Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells ameliorate phenotype of Huntington's disease in vitro model","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01115-6","article-title":"Neurons Export Extracellular Vesicles Enriched in Cysteine String Protein and Misfolded Protein Cargo","volume":"7","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9550","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1418-17.2017","article-title":"Mutant huntingtin inhibits \u03b1B-crystallin expression and impairs exosome secretion from astrocytes","volume":"37","author":"Hong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib301","article-title":"Profile of the RNA in exosomes from astrocytes and microglia using deep sequencing: implications for neurodegeneration mechanisms","volume":"17","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137371","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles: The Next Generation of Biomarkers and Treatment for Central Nervous System Diseases","volume":"25","author":"Zanirati","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-017-0160-y","article-title":"Preservation and storage stability of extracellular vesicles for therapeutic applications","volume":"20","author":"Jeyaram","year":"2017","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.00053","article-title":"Circulating exosomal miRNA as diagnostic biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4085","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084085","article-title":"Emerging roles of exosomes in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Ananbeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318854","article-title":"Platelet abnormalities in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"90","author":"Denis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. & Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9022-5","article-title":"Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"265","author":"Denis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00151","article-title":"Decoding the role of platelets and related microRNAs in aging and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"11","author":"Espinosa-Parrilla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2016.1190682","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles in blood, milk and body fluids of the female and male urogenital tract and with special regard to reproduction","volume":"53","author":"Foster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2019.101694","article-title":"Exosomal miRNAs in central nervous system diseases: biomarkers, pathological mediators, protective factors and therapeutic agents","volume":"183","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Progress. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.06.001","article-title":"Are circulating microRNAs peripheral biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease?","volume":"1862","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Et. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.06.021","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles reveal biomarkers for neurologic disease","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e264","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004844","article-title":"MicroRNAs in CSF as prodromal biomarkers for Huntington disease in the PREDICT-HD study","volume":"90","author":"Reed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.05.005","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs in Huntington\u2019s disease: Emerging mediators in metabolic impairment","volume":"108","author":"D\u00edez-Planelles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1519207","article-title":"A functional study of miR-124 in the developing neural tube","volume":"21","author":"Cao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes. & Dev."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0389-4","article-title":"Huntington disease: new insights into molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"16","author":"Tabrizi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105574","article-title":"Synaptic pathology in Huntington's disease: Beyond the corticostriatal pathway","volume":"162","author":"Barry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1088124","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Huntington's disease: From animal models to clinical therapeutics","volume":"13","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.01.039","article-title":"Huntingtin Lowering Strategies for Disease Modification in Huntington's Disease","volume":"101","author":"Tabrizi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9022-5","article-title":"Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in Huntington's disease","volume":"265","author":"Denis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9550","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1418-17.2017","article-title":"Mutant Huntingtin Inhibits \u03b1B-Crystallin Expression and Impairs Exosome Secretion from Astrocytes","volume":"37","author":"Hong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105374","article-title":"Exosomes as a potential messenger unit during heterochronic parabiosis for amelioration of Huntington's disease","volume":"155","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103282","article-title":"DNAJB6b-enriched small extracellular vesicles decrease polyglutamine aggregation in in vitro and in vivo models of Huntington disease","volume":"24","author":"Joshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2497","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1412651112","article-title":"Intercellular chaperone transmission via exosomes contributes to maintenance of protein homeostasis at the organismal level","volume":"112","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.16054","article-title":"Exosome-Based Delivery of miR-124 in a Huntington's Disease Model","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab354","article-title":"Therapeutic reversal of Huntington's disease by in vivo self-assembled siRNAs","volume":"144","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2016.126","article-title":"Exosome-mediated Delivery of Hydrophobically Modified siRNA for Huntingtin mRNA Silencing","volume":"24","author":"Didiot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12076","article-title":"Engineered extracellular vesicles as versatile ribonucleoprotein delivery vehicles for efficient and safe CRISPR genome editing","volume":"10","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01232-9","article-title":"Pathogenic Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Signaling in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-015-0294-3","article-title":"Disease Mechanisms in ALS: Misfolded SOD1 Transferred Through Exosome-Dependent and Exosome-Independent Pathways","volume":"36","author":"Silverman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.004825","article-title":"CNS-derived extracellular vesicles from superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)(G93A) ALS mice originate from astrocytes and neurons and carry misfolded SOD1","volume":"294","author":"Silverman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106218","article-title":"Intercellular transmission of pathogenic proteins in ALS: Exploring the pathogenic wave","volume":"184","author":"Arnold","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.09.024","article-title":"Evidence for secretion of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase via exosomes from a cell model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"428","author":"Gomes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15699","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.425066","article-title":"Mutant copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) induces protein secretion pathway alterations and exosome release in astrocytes: implications for disease spreading and motor neuron pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"288","author":"Basso","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3620","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312245111","article-title":"Intercellular propagated misfolding of wild-type Cu\/Zn superoxide dismutase occurs via exosome-dependent and -independent mechanisms","volume":"111","author":"Grad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.10.013","article-title":"Microglial overexpression of fALS-linked mutant SOD1 induces SOD1 processing impairment, activation and neurotoxicity and is counteracted by the autophagy inducer trehalose","volume":"1864","author":"Massenzio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"issue":"5796","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1134108","article-title":"Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"314","author":"Neumann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2013.06.007","article-title":"Prion-like properties of pathological TDP-43 aggregates from diseased brains","volume":"4","author":"Nonaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24178","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4680","article-title":"Exposure to ALS-FTD-CSF generates TDP-43 aggregates in glioblastoma cells through exosomes and TNTs-like structure","volume":"6","author":"Ding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201504057","article-title":"TDP-43 is intercellularly transmitted across axon terminals","volume":"211","author":"Feiler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww237","article-title":"Exosome secretion is a key pathway for clearance of pathological TDP-43","volume":"139","author":"Iguchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70195-2","article-title":"TDP-43 and FUS in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia","volume":"9","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.07.015","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of FUS interacting proteins provides insights into FUS function and its role in ALS","volume":"1862","author":"Kamelgarn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Et. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Mol. Basis Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.010","article-title":"Antisense proline-arginine RAN dipeptides linked to C9ORF72-ALS\/FTD form toxic nuclear aggregates that initiate in vitro and in vivo neuronal death","volume":"84","author":"Wen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13111","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006151107","article-title":"miRNA malfunction causes spinal motor neuron disease","volume":"107","author":"Haramati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3148","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133148","article-title":"Extracellular RNAs as biomarkers of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"20","author":"Hosaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.00038","article-title":"CNS-derived blood exosomes as a promising source of biomarkers: opportunities and challenges","volume":"13","author":"Hornung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13635","article-title":"DNA sequences within glioma-derived extracellular vesicles can cross the intact blood-brain barrier and be detected in peripheral blood of patients","volume":"8","author":"Garc\u00eda-Romero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113414","article-title":"Elevated exosomal secretion of miR-124-3p from spinal neurons positively associates with disease severity in ALS","volume":"333","author":"Yelick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04217-1","article-title":"Insights into the identification of a molecular signature for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exploiting integrated microRNA profiling of iPSC-derived motor neurons and exosomes","volume":"79","author":"Rizzuti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-5960-1-42","article-title":"Systemic dysregulation of TDP-43 binding microRNAs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"1","author":"Freischmidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.5582\/irdr.2017.01091","article-title":"Comparison of the extraction and determination of serum exosome and miRNA in serum and the detection of miR-27a-3p in serum exosome of ALS patients","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intractable & rare Dis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.12.016","article-title":"Identification of a circulating miRNA signature in extracellular vesicles collected from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients","volume":"1708","author":"Saucier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052737","article-title":"Different miRNA profiles in plasma derived small and large extracellular vesicles from patients with neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"22","author":"Sproviero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089065","article-title":"MicroRNA-206: a potential circulating biomarker candidate for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Toivonen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"5959","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1181046","article-title":"MicroRNA-206 delays ALS progression and promotes regeneration of neuromuscular synapses in mice","volume":"326","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10082043","article-title":"Circulating myomiRs in muscle denervation: from surgical to ALS pathological condition","volume":"10","author":"Casola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00487","article-title":"Pathological proteins are transported by extracellular vesicles of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients","volume":"12","author":"Sproviero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071709","article-title":"Revealing the proteome of motor cortex derived extracellular vesicles isolated from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis human postmortem tissues","volume":"9","author":"Vassileff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00470-3","article-title":"Decoding distinctive features of plasma extracellular vesicles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Pasetto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00574","article-title":"Increased interleukin-6 levels in the astrocyte-derived exosomes of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.04.127","article-title":"A pilot study using proximity extension assay of cerebrospinal fluid and its extracellular vesicles identifies novel amyotrophic lateral sclerosis biomarker candidates","volume":"613","author":"Sjoqvist","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12014-020-09294-7","article-title":"CSF extracellular vesicle proteomics demonstrates altered protein homeostasis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Proteom."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4103\/bc.bc_9_21","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle-based therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Sadanandan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Circ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18061249","article-title":"Emerging role of the spleen in the pharmacokinetics of monoclonal antibodies, nanoparticles and exosomes","volume":"18","author":"Cataldi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00080","article-title":"ALS pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches: the role of mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles","volume":"11","author":"Bonafede","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9122663","article-title":"Stem cell-derived exosomes as therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative disorders: from biology to biotechnology","volume":"9","author":"Araldi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib368","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells: a potential therapeutic approach for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?","volume":"2019","author":"Gugliandolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-017-0227-3","article-title":"Advances, challenges and future directions for stem cell therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Ciervo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.09.069","article-title":"Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes alleviate pathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in vitro","volume":"479","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01070","article-title":"ASCs-exosomes recover coupling efficiency and mitochondrial membrane potential in an in vitro model of ALS","volume":"13","author":"Calabria","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8091087","article-title":"The anti-apoptotic effect of ASC-exosomes in an in vitro ALS model and their proteomic analysis","volume":"8","author":"Bonafede","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81039-4","article-title":"Role of miRNAs shuttled by mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in modulating neuroinflammation","volume":"11","author":"Giunti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.11.067","article-title":"Micro-RNAs secreted through astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles cause neuronal network degeneration in C9orf72 ALS","volume":"40","author":"Varcianna","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-020-08607-1","article-title":"Cell-free extracellular vesicles derived from human bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells as potential therapeutics for microvascular endothelium restoration in ALS","volume":"22","author":"Garbuzova-Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib376","first-page":"480","article-title":"Nanocarriers as a powerful vehicle to overcome blood-brain barrier in treating neurodegenerative diseases: Focus on recent advances","volume":"14","author":"Niu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00434-z","article-title":"Improving clinical trial outcomes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Kiernan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib378","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14957-y","article-title":"Extracellular nanovesicles for packaging of CRISPR-Cas9 protein and sgRNA to induce therapeutic exon skipping","volume":"11","author":"Gee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib379","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.19-0327","article-title":"Intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles exerts immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects in a 3xTg model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"9","author":"Losurdo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.08.008","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles derived from inflammatory-educated stem cells reverse brain inflammation\u2014implication of miRNAs","volume":"30","author":"Markoutsa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8129","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.62069","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate Alzheimer's disease-like phenotypes in a preclinical mouse model","volume":"11","author":"Cone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib382","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202207107","article-title":"Engineered Extracellular Vesicles with SHP2 High Expression Promote Mitophagy for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment","volume":"34","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib383","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.255978","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote neurogenesis and cognitive function recovery in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Reza-Zaldivar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib384","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11522","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes reduce A\u03b2 deposition and improve cognitive function recovery in mice with Alzheimer's disease by activating sphingosine kinase\/sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Biol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib385","series-title":"Stem Cell Renewal and Cell-Cell Communication: Methods and Protocols","first-page":"171","article-title":"Potential application of extracellular vesicles of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in Alzheimer\u2019s disease therapeutics","author":"Katsuda","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib386","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2490-4","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-223 regulates neuronal cell apoptosis","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. death & Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib387","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200686","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium improves mitochondrial dysfunction and suppresses apoptosis in okadaic acid-treated SH-SY5Y cells by extracellular vesicle mitochondrial transfer","volume":"78","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib388","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15285","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203088","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate Alzheimer\u2019s disease in rat models via the microRNA-29c-3p\/BACE1 axis and the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway","volume":"13","author":"Sha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib389","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170848","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles suppresses iNOS expression and ameliorates neural impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mice","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019S. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-021-10261-4","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles of mesenchymal stromal cells can be taken up by microglial cells and partially prevent the stimulation induced by \u03b2-amyloid","volume":"18","author":"Kaniowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell. Rev. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.03.034","article-title":"The exosome of adipose-derived stem cells reduces \u03b2-amyloid pathology and apoptosis of neuronal cells derived from the transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1691","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib392","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00791-x","article-title":"Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles mitigate hallmarks of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Apodaca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer's. Res. & Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib393","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15001","article-title":"Impact of neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on mitochondrial dysfunction, sirtuin 1 level, and synaptic deficits in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"154","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib394","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9060594","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes ameliorate Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology and improve cognitive deficits","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01356-2","article-title":"Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles protect against Parkinson\u2019s disease pathologies","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib396","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2019.00294","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells' secretome exerts neuroprotective effects in a Parkinson's disease rat model","volume":"7","author":"Mendes-Pinheiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib397","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020315","article-title":"Preclinical comparison of stem cells secretome and levodopa application in a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Teixeira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib398","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2021.04.002","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell secretome protects against alpha-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"23","author":"Marques","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib399","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2017.09.014","article-title":"Secretome released from hydrogel-embedded adipose mesenchymal stem cells protects against the Parkinson\u2019s disease related toxin 6-hydroxydopamine","volume":"121","author":"Chierchia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8091087","article-title":"The anti-apoptotic effect of ASC-exosomes in an in vitro ALS model and their proteomic analysis","volume":"8","author":"Bonafede","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3651","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103651","article-title":"ASC-exosomes ameliorate the disease progression in SOD1 (G93A) murine model underlining their potential therapeutic use in human ALS","volume":"21","author":"Bonafede","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib402","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2015.12.009","article-title":"Exosome derived from murine adipose-derived stromal cells: neuroprotective effect on in vitro model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"340","author":"Bonafede","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Cell. Res."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib403","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3923","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11233923","article-title":"Micro-RNAs shuttled by extracellular vesicles secreted from mesenchymal stem cells dampen astrocyte pathological activation and support neuroprotection in in-vitro models of ALS","volume":"11","author":"Provenzano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8121497","article-title":"Placental mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote myelin regeneration in an animal model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202590","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles derived from human mesenchymal stem cells in a model of progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Laso-Garc\u00eda","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS. One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib406","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6670","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b01004","article-title":"Stem cell-derived exosomes as nanotherapeutics for autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"13","author":"Riazifar","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.12.001","article-title":"Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells attenuate inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system in EAE rats by regulating the polarization of microglia","volume":"67","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.10.022","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate tPA-induced blood\u2013brain barrier disruption in murine ischemic stroke models","volume":"154","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib409","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.601176","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reduce Neuroinflammation, Promote Neural Cell Proliferation and Improve Oligodendrocyte Maturation in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury","volume":"14","author":"Kaminski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897221083863","article-title":"Final results of allogeneic adipose tissue\u2013derived mesenchymal stem cells in acute ischemic stroke (AMASCIS): a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center, pilot clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"de Celis-Ruiz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Transplant."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.152","article-title":"Systemic administration of exosomes released from mesenchymal stromal cells promote functional recovery and neurovascular plasticity after stroke in rats","volume":"33","author":"Xin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. & Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib412","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-014-0354-1","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in rat model of spinal cord injury","volume":"71","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib413","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17708917","article-title":"RETRACTED: Exosomes promote restoration after an experimental animal model of intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"38","author":"Otero-Ortega","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. & Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib414","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02688-4","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells reduce neuroinflammation in hippocampus and restore cognitive function in hyperammonemic rats","volume":"20","author":"Izquierdo-Altarejos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3536","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703920114","article-title":"Intranasal MSC-derived A1-exosomes ease inflammation, and prevent abnormal neurogenesis and memory dysfunction after status epilepticus","volume":"114","author":"Long","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455_bib416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0648-5","article-title":"Exosomes secreted by stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth contribute to functional recovery after traumatic brain injury by shifting microglia M1\/M2 polarization in rats","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell. Res. & Ther."}],"container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432826004316?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432826004316?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:44:43Z","timestamp":1791323083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166432826004316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":416,"alternative-id":["S0166432826004316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455","relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-4328"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-4328","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases: A new frontier in diagnosis and therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behavioural Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116455","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116455"}}