{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:54:32Z","timestamp":1791323672981,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019275","name":"Universidad de los Llanos","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013409","name":"Sistema General de Regal\u00edas de Colombia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTeI BPIN 2024000100089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTeI BPIN 2024000100089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:30:37Z","timestamp":1788971437000},"page":"116470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Neurocognitive effects of stress in higher education: Mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"516","author":[{"given":"Julieta Esperanza","family":"Ochoa-Amaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar Eugenio","family":"Tamayo Alzate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Ismael","family":"Rojas-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.33588\/rn.3809.2003413","article-title":"Efectos del medio ambiente social en el desarrollo cerebral","volume":"38","author":"Valencia-Alfonso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol. \u00f3gica"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.12.003","article-title":"Cognitive adaptation under stress: A case for the mineralocorticoid receptor","volume":"20","author":"Vogel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib3","first-page":"25","article-title":"La importancia de las emociones para la neurodid\u00e1ctica","volume":"14","author":"Benavidez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. De. Estud. De. Psicol. \u00eda"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2018.07.004","article-title":"Stress overload as a red flag for freshman failure and attrition","volume":"54","author":"Amirkhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contemp. Educ. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2018.1499649","article-title":"Understanding stress as an impediment to academic performance","volume":"67","author":"Frazier","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2055102915596714","article-title":"Examining perceptions of academic stress and its sources among university students: The Perception of Academic Stress Scale","volume":"2","author":"Bedewy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Psychol. Open."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2019.1596823","article-title":"The impact of stress on students in secondary school and higher education","volume":"25","author":"Pascoe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Adolesc. Youth"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib8","first-page":"76","article-title":"The \u2018Trier Social Stress Test\u2019\u2014A tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting","volume":"28","author":"Kirschbaum","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/npjscilearn.2016.11","article-title":"Learning and memory under stress: Implications for the classroom","volume":"1","author":"Vogel","year":"2016","journal-title":"NPJ Sci. Learn."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.37349\/en.2022.00008","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of stress-induced memory impairment","volume":"1","author":"Rezayof","year":"2022","journal-title":"Explor. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib11","series-title":"Hannah arendt e martin heidegger: hist\u00f3ria de um amor","author":"Grunenberg","year":"2019"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib12","first-page":"69","article-title":"D\u00f3nde est\u00e1 el error? La epistemolog\u00eda de la verdad en la neurociencia de A. Damasio y la filosof\u00eda de R. Descartes","author":"Grijalba Uche","year":"2018","journal-title":"Recer. Rev. De. Pensam. i \u00e0lisi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib13","series-title":"Saber y verdad","author":"Foucault","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib14","unstructured":"Foucault, M. (2004). La arqueolog\u00eda del saber. Siglo XXI Editores."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.12.043","article-title":"Stress-induced remodeling of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons","volume":"1645","author":"McEwen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.4.601","article-title":"Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry","volume":"130","author":"Segerstrom","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"339","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2021.06.016","article-title":"Declaraci\u00f3n PRISMA 2020: una gu\u00eda actualizada para la publicaci\u00f3n de revisiones sistem\u00e1ticas (Trad. J. J. Yepes-N\u00fa\u00f1ez, G. Urr\u00fatia, M. Romero-Garc\u00eda, & S. Alonso-Fern\u00e1ndez)","volume":"74","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Espa\u00f1ola De. Cardiol. \u00eda"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1159\/000292063","article-title":"Acute and chronic stress and the inflammatory response in hyperprolactinemic rats","volume":"17","author":"Ochoa-Amaya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-54-1-64","article-title":"The effects of age on the plasma catecholamine response to mental stress in man","volume":"54","author":"Barnes","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. & Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2008.02.002","article-title":"Effects of pre-learning stress on memory for neutral, positive and negative words: different roles of cortisol and autonomic arousal","volume":"90","author":"Schwabe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21926\/obm.neurobiol.2304193","article-title":"Building resilience in students: managed and minimised stress in students","volume":"7","author":"Kassymova","year":"2023","journal-title":"OBM Neurobiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.04.001","article-title":"Stress as a neuroinflammatory condition in brain: Damaging and protective mechanisms","volume":"32","author":"Garc\u00eda-Bueno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. & Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2006","article-title":"Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: central role of the brain","volume":"87","author":"McEwen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.10.016","article-title":"Building resilience: the stress response as a driving force for neuroplasticity and adaptation","volume":"97","author":"Hermans","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2648","article-title":"Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function","volume":"10","author":"Arnsten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/24705470211029254","article-title":"Chronic stress weakens connectivity in the prefrontal cortex: architectural and molecular changes","volume":"5","author":"Woo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chronic Stress."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04907-7","article-title":"A synergistic mindsets intervention protects adolescents from stress","volume":"607","author":"Yeager","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3738","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1008","article-title":"A rapid release of corticosteroid-binding globulin from the liver restrains the glucocorticoid hormone response to acute stress","volume":"152","author":"Qian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-025-03389-z","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor heterodimers mediate cortisol-induced behavioural changes via modulation of glutamatergic signalling","volume":"31","author":"Faught","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11336","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1605246113","article-title":"Acute stress enhances heterodimerization and binding of corticosteroid receptors at glucocorticoid target genes in the hippocampus","volume":"113","author":"Mifsud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24967-z","article-title":"Distinct regulation of hippocampal neuroplasticity and ciliary genes by corticosteroid receptors","volume":"12","author":"Mifsud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.09.023","article-title":"Stress molecular signaling in interaction with cognition","volume":"97","author":"Lugenb\u00fchl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1997.0508","article-title":"Acute stress enhances while chronic stress suppresses cell-mediated immunity in vivo: a potential role for leukocyte trafficking","volume":"11","author":"Dhabhar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib35","first-page":"84","article-title":"Trastorno por estr\u00e9s postraum\u00e1tico y epigen\u00e9tica. Metilaciones en genes asociados al estr\u00e9s","volume":"16","author":"Casta\u00f1o-Loaiza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tesis Psicol. \u00f3gica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.11.033","article-title":"Chronic stress-induced hippocampal dendritic retraction requires CA3 NMDA receptors","volume":"174","author":"Christian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00259-L","article-title":"Stress-induced atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3c neurons: involvement of glucocorticoid secretion and excitatory amino acid receptors","volume":"69","author":"Magari\u00f1os","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13387.x","article-title":"Stress preferentially increases extraneuronal levels of excitatory amino acids in the prefrontal cortex: comparison to hippocampus and basal ganglia","volume":"60","author":"Moghaddam","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2005.00330.x","article-title":"Sources of openness\/intellect: Cognitive and neuropsychological correlates of the fifth factor of personality","volume":"73","author":"DeYoung","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Personal."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.09.010","article-title":"Cognitive control mechanisms, emotion and memory: a neural perspective with implications for psychopathology","volume":"33","author":"Banich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. & Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39089","article-title":"Perceived occupational stress is associated with decreased cortical activity of the prefrontal cortex: a multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study","volume":"6","author":"Chou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht348","article-title":"Structural changes of the brain in relation to occupational stress","volume":"25","author":"Savic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.03.007","article-title":"Thinner prefrontal cortex in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"41","author":"Geuze","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1539","article-title":"Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation during emotional anticipation and neuropsychological performance in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"69","author":"Aupperle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. General. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13499","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3388-10.2010","article-title":"Dendritic growth in medial prefrontal cortex and cognitive flexibility are enhanced during the postpartum period","volume":"30","author":"Leuner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib46","article-title":"Effect of anxiety on the children brain structure: Consequences for children emotional healthiness","volume":"2","author":"AlHussain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Qubahan Acad. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05331.x","article-title":"Central role of the brain in stress and adaptation: links to socioeconomic status, health, and disease","volume":"1186","author":"McEwen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. New. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib48","unstructured":"Damasio, A. (2005). En busca de Spinoza. Neurobiolog\u00eda de la emoci\u00f3n y los sentimientos. Barcelona: Cr\u00edtica."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib49","unstructured":"Darwin, C. (1852\/1946). La expresi\u00f3n de las emociones en el hombre y en los animales. Editorial Intermundo."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib50","series-title":"Handbook of cognitive neuroscience","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib51","volume":"1996","author":"LeDoux","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib52","series-title":"The four realms of exixtence. a new theory of being human","author":"LeDoux","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib53","series-title":"Principles of neural science-sicth edition","author":"Kandel","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.23.1.155","article-title":"Emotion circuits in the brain","volume":"23","author":"LeDoux","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib55","unstructured":"Durand, J.C., Daura, F.T., & S\u00e1nchez, C. (2018). Las neurociencias y su impacto en la educaci\u00f3n (1.\u00aa ed.). Universidad Austral, Escuela de Educaci\u00f3n."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930902928969","article-title":"The dynamic architecture of emotion: evidence for the component process model","volume":"23","author":"Scherer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cogn. Emot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib57","series-title":"Emotion, adult development, and aging","first-page":"105","article-title":"Emotion and cognition","author":"Cicirelli","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib58","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez de L\u00f3pez, A. (2019). Influencia de los factores emocionales en el proceso de ense\u00f1anza-aprendizaje, a la luz de las neurociencias [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Asunci\u00f3n]."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.08.060","article-title":"States of curiosity modulate hippocampus-dependent learning via the dopaminergic circuit","volume":"84","author":"Gruber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib60","article-title":"Emotionally stimulated persistent memory","author":"Parker","year":"2020","journal-title":"SSRN Electron. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2011.10.001","article-title":"Dynamics of affective states during complex learning","volume":"22","author":"D\u2019Mello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Learn. Instr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2015.06.003","article-title":"The role of epistemic emotions in mathematics problem solving","volume":"42","author":"Muis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contemp. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2011.587722","article-title":"Expanding the dimensions of epistemic cognition: arguments from philosophy and psychology","volume":"46","author":"Chinn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11409-012-9088-x","article-title":"Towards efficient measurement of metacognition in mathematical problem solving","volume":"7","author":"Jacobse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metacognition Learn."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2006.10.012","article-title":"Epistemic profiles and self-regulated learning: Examining relations in the context of mathematics problem solving","volume":"33","author":"Muis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contemp. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib66","article-title":"Epistemic emotions and epistemic cognition predict critical thinking about socio-scientific issues","volume":"6","author":"Muis","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomm.2024.1404875","article-title":"Could recent advances and new perspectives in science education and conceptual change improve public understanding of science?","volume":"9","author":"Potvin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Commun."},{"issue":"2023","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1007\/s10763-022-10310-5","article-title":"Epistemic emotions and observations are intertwined in scientific sensemaking: a study among upper secondary physics students","volume":"21","author":"Vilhunen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Math. Educ."},{"issue":"2026","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib69","article-title":"Curiosity as a catalyst for conceptual change: A schema-based model of learning and development","volume":"264","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib70","series-title":"Handbook of Epistemic Cognition","first-page":"479","article-title":"Thoughts on knowledge about thinking about knowledge","author":"Sinatra","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1080\/09500693.2024.2315100","article-title":"Students' epistemic emotions in a science classroom: their variations and interactions with practices in structured inquiry","volume":"47","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence13080093","article-title":"Critical thinking and epistemic sophistication in science education","volume":"13","author":"Tamayo Alzate","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib73","series-title":"Y el cerebro cre\u00f3 al hombre: \u00bfC\u00f3mo pudo el cerebro generar emociones, sentimientos, ideas y el yo?","author":"Damasio","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00342","article-title":"Does acute stress impact declarative and procedural learning?","volume":"11","author":"Ballan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4928081","article-title":"Seeding stress resilience through inoculation","volume":"2016","author":"Ashokan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.08.032.2009","article-title":"Developmental cascades linking stress inoculation, arousal regulation, and resilience","volume":"3","author":"Lyons","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3234","article-title":"Neurobiology of resilience","volume":"15","author":"Russo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.05.032","article-title":"Why are there lasting effects from exposure to stress during development? An analysis of current models of early stress","volume":"164","author":"Chaby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. & Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48286.x","article-title":"Stress effects on morphology and function of the hippocampus","volume":"821","author":"McEwen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. New. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/hcs2.70002","article-title":"A comprehensive review of experimental models of stress: pragmatic insight into psychoneuroimmunology","volume":"4","author":"Nisha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Care Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3258","article-title":"Structural plasticity upon learning: regulation and functions","volume":"13","author":"Caroni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.05.015","article-title":"Synaptic modifications in learning and memory: a dendritic spine story","volume":"125","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. Cell. & Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32616","article-title":"A comprehensive review of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate BDNF expression and function with relevance to major depressive disorder","volume":"177","author":"Hing","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6810","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-15-06810.2002","article-title":"Chronic stress induces contrasting patterns of dendritic remodeling in hippocampal and amygdaloid neurons","volume":"22","author":"Vyas","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi104","article-title":"Repeated stress induces dendritic spine loss in the rat medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"16","author":"Radley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.082","article-title":"Hippocampal neurogenesis: regulation by stress and antidepressants","volume":"59","author":"Dranovsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00230","article-title":"Stress, glucocorticoid hormones, and hippocampal neural progenitor cells: Implications to mood disorders","volume":"6","author":"Kino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib88","first-page":"24","article-title":"Chronic stress effects on hippocampal structure and synaptic function: Relevance for depression and normalization by anti-glucocorticoid treatment","volume":"2","author":"Krugers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Synaptic Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2018.02.005","article-title":"The impact from the aftermath of chronic stress on hippocampal structure and function: is there a recovery?","volume":"49","author":"Ortiz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.5294\/pebi.2015.19.1.7","article-title":"Homeostasis y representaciones intelectuales: una aproximaci\u00f3n a la conducta moral desde la teor\u00eda de la emoci\u00f3n de Antonio Damasio","volume":"19","author":"Grijalba Uche","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pers. Y. Bio\u00e9tica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib91","article-title":"Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on mental health and quality of life in university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Public. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.11.026","article-title":"Interventions to reduce stress in university students: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"148","author":"Regehr","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2022.100503","article-title":"Effects of self-guided stress management interventions in college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Amanvermez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Internet Interv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib94","first-page":"43","article-title":"Sleep and academic performance in university students: a systematic review","volume":"71","author":"Suardiaz-Muro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. De. Neurol. \u00eda"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020739","article-title":"The tridirectional relationship among physical activity, stress, and academic performance in university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Wunsch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2019.05.006","article-title":"Exploring the antecedents and consequences of epistemic emotions","volume":"63","author":"Chevrier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Learn. Instr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2016.1204989","article-title":"Measuringemotions during epistemic activities: the epistemically-related emotion scales","volume":"31","author":"Pekrun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cogn. Emot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470_bib98","first-page":"3","article-title":"Academic emotions","volume":"2","author":"Pekrun","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Behavioural Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432826004468?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166432826004468?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:48:15Z","timestamp":1791323295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166432826004468"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":98,"alternative-id":["S0166432826004468"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470","relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-4328"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-4328","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neurocognitive effects of stress in higher education: Mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Behavioural Brain Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2026.116470","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116470"}}