{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T10:44:27Z","timestamp":1784976267695,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017594","name":"Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024KY259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KY259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017594","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T19:21:46Z","timestamp":1751916106000},"page":"152301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Lidocaine intervention attenuated postoperative delirium by reshaping intestinal flora and modulating microglia M2 type polarization and blood-brain barrier"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"778","author":[{"given":"Fanghua","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingfu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaobo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.06.063","article-title":"Postoperative delirium: perioperative assessment, risk reduction, and management","volume":"125","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15607","article-title":"Evidence-based strategies to reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium: a narrative review","volume":"77","author":"Swarbrick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.07.021","article-title":"Anaesthetic depth and delirium after major surgery: a randomised clinical trial","volume":"127","author":"Evered","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30631-0","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine for reduction of atrial fibrillation and delirium after cardiac surgery (DECADE): a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"396","author":"Turan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-024-02424-w","article-title":"Effect of esketamine on postoperative analgesia and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.01.005","article-title":"Postoperative delirium and changes in the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and cerebrospinal fluid lactate: a prospective cohort study","volume":"129","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2024.115268","article-title":"Remimazolam attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction","volume":"476","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2908307","article-title":"Inhibiting the NF-\u03baB\/DRP1 axis affords neuroprotection after spinal cord injury via inhibiting polarization of pro-inflammatory microglia","volume":"29","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-023-06492-7","article-title":"Liraglutide ameliorates delirium-like behaviors of aged mice undergoing cardiac surgery by mitigating microglia activation via promoting mitophagy","volume":"241","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112290","article-title":"Anesthesia\/surgery activate MMP9 leading to blood-brain barrier disruption, triggering neuroinflammation and POD-like behavior in aged mice","volume":"135","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.582674","article-title":"Neuroprotectin D1 protects against postoperative delirium-like behavior in aged mice","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15797","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103738","article-title":"Perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction: thinking from the gut?","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13103","article-title":"Abnormal composition of gut microbiota contributes to delirium-like behaviors after abdominal surgery in mice","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib14","article-title":"Electroacupuncture attenuates surgical pain-induced delirium-like behavior in mice via remodeling gut microbiota and dendritic spine","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3342","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-024-04245-2","article-title":"Sodium butyrate ameliorates postoperative delirium by regulating gut Microbiota dysbiosis to inhibit Astrocyte activation in aged mice","volume":"49","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-059416","article-title":"Lidocaine Infusion for the management of postoperative pain and delirium (LIMPP): protocol for a randomised control trial","volume":"12","author":"Buren","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3749","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S437599","article-title":"Effect of intraoperative intravenous lidocaine on postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture: a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2022-0480","article-title":"Lidocaine ameliorates chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain through regulating M1\/M2 microglia polarization","volume":"17","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Med. (Warsaw, Poland)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib19","article-title":"Lidocaine ameliorates intestinal barrier dysfunction in irritable bowel syndrome by modulating corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuro Gastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06021-5","article-title":"The ALLEGRO trial: a placebo controlled randomised trial of intravenous lidocaine in accelerating gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery","volume":"23","author":"Paterson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01165-z","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota shapes gut physiology and regulates enteric neurons and glia","volume":"9","author":"Vicentini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8376","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87790-y","article-title":"Scopolamine promotes neuroinflammation and delirium-like neuropsychiatric disorder in mice","volume":"11","author":"Cheon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3827501","article-title":"Lidocaine alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury in mice by suppressing tissue factor and matrix Metalloproteinase-2\/9","volume":"2021","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114180","article-title":"Prenatal benzo[a]pyrene exposure impairs hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function in SD rat offspring during adolescence and adulthood via HDAC2-mediated histone deacetylation","volume":"246","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5526940","article-title":"Omega-3 supplementation prevents short-term high-fat diet effects on the \u03b17 nicotinic cholinergic receptor expression and inflammatory response","volume":"2021","author":"Martins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-03943-w","article-title":"Preoperative cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers may be associated with postoperative delirium in patients undergoing knee\/hip arthroplasty: the PNDABLE study","volume":"23","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12101371","article-title":"Postoperative delirium in neurosurgical patients: recent insights into the pathogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2312224","article-title":"Current progress on postoperative cognitive dysfunction: an update","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib29","first-page":"487","article-title":"Dendritic spines: mediators of cognitive resilience in aging and Alzheimer's disease, the neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology","volume":"27","author":"Walker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-019-00748-7","article-title":"Lanthanum chloride impairs learning and memory and induces dendritic spine abnormality by down-regulating Rac1\/PAK signaling pathway in hippocampus of offspring rats","volume":"40","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-3066","article-title":"Lidocaine mediates the progression of cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rats via inhibiting the activation of NF-\u03baB p65 and p38 MAPK","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S400936","article-title":"Resveratrol improves paclitaxel-induced cognitive impairment in mice by activating SIRT1\/PGC-1\u03b1 pathway to regulate neuronal state and microglia cell polarization","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1174043","article-title":"Research progress on perioperative blood-brain barrier damage and its potential mechanism","volume":"11","author":"Qiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2023.110810","article-title":"Inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 attenuates surgery-induced cognitive impairment in aged mice","volume":"204","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib35","article-title":"Netrin-1 ameliorates postoperative delirium-like behavior in aged mice by suppressing neuroinflammation and restoring impaired blood-brain barrier permeability","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-021-00356-x","article-title":"Inhibition of the immunoproteasome LMP2 ameliorates ischemia\/hypoxia-induced blood-brain barrier injury through the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signalling pathway","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Military Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmab022","article-title":"Atorvastatin attenuates surgery-induced BBB disruption and cognitive impairment partly by suppressing NF-\u03baB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in aged mice","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106598","article-title":"Sotagliflozin attenuates cardiac dysfunction and depression-like behaviors in mice with myocardial infarction through the gut-heart-brain axis","volume":"199","author":"Liao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8070","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO01844C","article-title":"Aloe polysaccharides ameliorate obesity-associated cognitive dysfunction in high-fat diet-fed mice by targeting the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity","volume":"15","author":"Mo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib40","article-title":"Jiedu-Yizhi formula alleviates neuroinflammation in AD rats by modulating the gut Microbiota","volume":"2022","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid. base Compl. Alternative Med. : eCAM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2020.0106","article-title":"Prebiotics regulation of intestinal Microbiota Attenuates cognitive dysfunction induced by surgery stimulation in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15225","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c04847","article-title":"Dietary methionine via dose-dependent inhibition of short-chain fatty acid production capacity contributed to a potential risk of cognitive dysfunction in mice","volume":"70","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5680","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03860-4","article-title":"Esketamine prevents postoperative emotional and cognitive dysfunction by suppressing microglial M1 polarization and regulating the BDNF-TrkB pathway in ageing rats with preoperative sleep disturbance","volume":"61","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27041412","article-title":"Coptisine alleviates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions and anxiety-like behavior in mice","volume":"27","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109725","article-title":"Microglial pyroptosis in hippocampus mediates sevolfurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged mice via ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway","volume":"116","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2205110","article-title":"Metformin ameliorates postoperative cognitive dysfunction through regulation of the AMPK\/SIRT1 pathway","volume":"22","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Integr. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006291X25010162?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006291X25010162?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T14:58:14Z","timestamp":1762095494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006291X25010162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0006291X25010162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-291X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-291X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lidocaine intervention attenuated postoperative delirium by reshaping intestinal flora and modulating microglia M2 type polarization and blood-brain barrier","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152301","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152301"}}