{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T00:45:10Z","timestamp":1792889110274,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T06:36:54Z","timestamp":1755153414000},"page":"152489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Macrophage reprogramming as a therapeutic avenue in intervertebral disc degeneration: Insights into pharmacological targeting"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"780","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongfei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6210885","article-title":"Regulatory effect of inflammatory mediators in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"2023","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1076","article-title":"Pathomechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"3","author":"Oichi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JOR SPINE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.160","article-title":"Role of cytokines in intervertebral disc degeneration: pain and disc content","volume":"10","author":"Risbud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110660","article-title":"The role of IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-022-01912-3","article-title":"Comprehensive bioinformatics analyses reveal immune genes responsible for altered immune microenvironment in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"297","author":"Hai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2481071","article-title":"Development of a novel inflammatory-associated gene signature and immune infiltration patterns in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"2022","author":"Lan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01084","article-title":"Macrophage polarization: different gene signatures in M1(LPS+) vs. Classically and M2(LPS\u2013) vs. Alternatively activated macrophages","volume":"10","author":"Orecchioni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1264913","article-title":"The role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of ALI\/ARDS","volume":"2018","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.867260","article-title":"The role of M1\/M2 macrophage polarization in rheumatoid arthritis synovitis","volume":"13","author":"Cutolo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202100924","article-title":"Engineering bioactive M2 macrophage-polarized anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial scaffolds for rapid angiogenesis and diabetic wound repair","volume":"31","author":"Tu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.01.026","article-title":"Delivery strategies to control inflammatory response: modulating M1\u2013M2 polarization in tissue engineering applications","volume":"240","author":"Alvarez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/491497","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity and the role of inflammation in skeletal muscle repair","volume":"2013","author":"Kharraz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxy054","article-title":"Macrophages in inflammation, repair and regeneration","volume":"30","author":"Oishi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/reg2.77","article-title":"Macrophages and fibroblasts during inflammation and tissue repair in models of organ regeneration","volume":"4","author":"Mescher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regeneration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.658","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity: signaling pathways, tissue repair, and regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.34133\/bmr.0118","article-title":"Custom-made Ce\u2013Mn bimetallic nanozyme for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting oxidative stress and modulating macrophage M1\/M2 polarization","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomater. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.09.010","article-title":"CD206+ M2-like macrophages protect against intervertebral disc degeneration partially by targeting R-spondin-2","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib18","article-title":"Deciphering the sequential changes of monocytes\/macrophages in the progression of IDD with longitudinal approach using single-cell transcriptome","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1155746","article-title":"Immune exposure: how macrophages interact with the nucleus pulposus","volume":"14","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2021.01.029","article-title":"Polarized cytokine release from airway epithelium differentially influences macrophage phenotype","volume":"132","author":"Skronska-Wasek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11071394","article-title":"Macrophage polarization and reprogramming in acute inflammation: a redox perspective","volume":"11","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1012512","article-title":"Macrophage phenotypes during tissue repair","volume":"93","author":"Novak","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8917804","article-title":"Macrophage polarization in chronic inflammatory diseases: killers or builders?","volume":"2018","author":"Parisi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib24","article-title":"Arachidonic acid metabolism controls macrophage alternative activation through regulating oxidative phosphorylation in PPAR\u03b3 dependent manner","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-024-05777-4","article-title":"The role of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor immune evasion","volume":"150","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1026954","article-title":"Major pathways involved in macrophage polarization in cancer","volume":"13","author":"Kerneur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17030402","article-title":"Chlojaponilactone B attenuates THP-1 macrophage pyroptosis by inhibiting the TLR\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"17","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02960-1","article-title":"Augmented PFKFB3-mediated glycolysis by interferon-\u03b3 promotes inflammatory M1 polarization through the JAK2\/STAT1 pathway in local vascular inflammation in Takayasu arteritis","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117002","article-title":"Macrophage dynamics in prostate cancer: molecular to therapeutic insights","volume":"177","author":"Gu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib30","article-title":"Exploring the potential of treating chronic liver disease targeting the PI3K\/Akt pathway and polarization mechanism of macrophages","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-023-03753-x","article-title":"Photobiomodulation activates undifferentiated macrophages and promotes M1\/M2 macrophage polarization via PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"38","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Laser Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib32","article-title":"Photobiomodulation attenuates neurotoxic polarization of macrophages by inhibiting the notch1-HIF-1\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB signalling pathway in mice with spinal cord injury","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202111003","article-title":"Advanced biomaterials for regulating polarization of macrophages in wound healing","volume":"32","author":"Mao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1111\/os.14209","article-title":"The role of microvascular variations in the process of intervertebral disk degeneration and its regulatory mechanisms: a literature review","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib35","first-page":"506","article-title":"Progress in regulating inflammatory biomaterials for intervertebral disc regeneration","volume":"33","author":"Xiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.21037\/tp-21-86","article-title":"Hypoxia induces inflammatory microenvironment by priming specific macrophage polarization and modifies LSC behaviour via VEGF-HIF1\u03b1 signalling","volume":"10","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00614","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms that influence the macrophage M1\u2013M2 polarization balance","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8841911","article-title":"HIF-1, the warburg effect, and macrophage\/microglia polarization potential role in COVID-19 pathogenesis","volume":"2021","author":"Ferraro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.727306","article-title":"Calmodulin 2 facilitates angiogenesis and metastasis of gastric cancer via STAT3\/HIF-1A\/VEGF-A mediated macrophage polarization","volume":"11","author":"Mu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3250","article-title":"Allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells promote ischemic muscle repair by inducing M2 macrophage polarization via the HIF-1\u03b1\/IL-10 pathway","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2023.5518","article-title":"Effects of glycolysis on the polarization and function of tumor-associated macrophages","volume":"62","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702221080130","article-title":"Macrophage polarization in hypoxia and ischemia\/reperfusion: insights into the role of energetic metabolism","volume":"247","author":"Yakupova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8841911","article-title":"HIF-1, the warburg effect, and macrophage\/microglia polarization potential role in COVID-19 pathogenesis","volume":"2021","author":"Ferraro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0350","article-title":"Altered metabolism and inflammation driven by post-translational modifications in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.592118","article-title":"Intervertebral disk degeneration: the microenvironment and tissue engineering strategies","volume":"9","author":"Dou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2015.0158","article-title":"Stem cell approaches to intervertebral disc regeneration: obstacles from the disc microenvironment","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib47","article-title":"Macrophage polarization, metabolic reprogramming, and inflammatory effects in ischemic heart disease","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1159\/000516780","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of macrophage activation","volume":"14","author":"Kolliniati","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S137","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.935058","article-title":"Mechanisms and effects of macrophage polarization and its specifics in pulmonary environment","volume":"72","author":"\u017daloud\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6995","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136995","article-title":"Macrophage polarization states in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"22","author":"Boutilier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.018","article-title":"Scavenging reactive oxygen species selectively inhibits M2 macrophage polarization and their pro-tumorigenic function in part, via Stat3 suppression","volume":"147","author":"Griess","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02556-8","article-title":"M1 macrophage-derived exosomes promote intervertebral disc degeneration by enhancing nucleus pulposus cell senescence through LCN2\/NF-\u03baB signaling axis","volume":"22","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021367","article-title":"Macrophages and intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"24","author":"Koroth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.833840","article-title":"Mechanism of action of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the intervertebral disc degeneration treatment and bone repair and regeneration","volume":"9","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib55","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity: signaling pathways, tissue repair, and regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02075-y","article-title":"Degenerated nucleus pulposus cells derived exosome carrying miR-27a-3p aggravates intervertebral disc degeneration by inducing M1 polarization of macrophages","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2022.113408","article-title":"Bone mesenchymal stem cells deliver exogenous lncRNA CAHM via exosomes to regulate macrophage polarization and ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"421","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20417314211021679","article-title":"microRNA-129-5p shuttled by mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration via blockade of LRG1-mediated p38 MAPK activation","volume":"12","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108962","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes attenuate intervertebral disc degeneration by promoting NLRP3 autophagic degradation in macrophages","volume":"110","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1324561","article-title":"Unraveling the mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration: an exploration of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111262","article-title":"Bardoxolone methyl breaks the vicious cycle between M1 macrophages and senescent nucleus pulposus cells through the Nrf2\/STING\/NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"127","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.833420","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals macrophage involved in the progression of human intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"9","author":"Ling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib63","article-title":"Macrophage polarization regulates intervertebral disc degeneration by modulating cell proliferation, inflammation mediator secretion, and extracellular matrix metabolism","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1113\/JP285871","article-title":"Regulatory mechanism of FCGR2A in macrophage polarization and its effects on intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"602","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib65","article-title":"Differential expression of p38 MAPK \u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b3, \u03b4 isoforms in nucleus pulposus modulates macrophage polarization in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202303206","article-title":"Rescuing nucleus pulposus cells from ROS toxic microenvironment via mitochondria-targeted carbon dot-supported prussian blue to alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib67","article-title":"Inflammatory stimulation mediates nucleus pulposus cell necroptosis through mitochondrial function disfunction and oxidative stress pathway","volume":"27","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"FBL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8810698","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species regulate endoplasmic reticulum stress and ER-mitochondrial Ca(2+) crosstalk to promote programmed necrosis of rat nucleus pulposus cells under compression","volume":"2021","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2023.12058","article-title":"CX3CL1\/CX3CR1 axis alleviates inflammation and apoptosis in human nucleus pulpous cells via M2 macrophage polarization","volume":"26","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02890-x","article-title":"Selenium nanoparticles ameliorate lumbar disc degeneration by restoring GPX1-mediated redox homeostasis and mitochondrial function of nucleus pulposus cells","volume":"22","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102323","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in intervertebral disc degeneration: mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-024-09948-4","article-title":"Deciphering SPP1-related macrophage signaling in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"41","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25292","article-title":"M2 macrophage-conditioned medium inhibits intervertebral disc degeneration in a tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1-rich environment","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/03008207.2023.2212051","article-title":"Contribution of immune cells to intervertebral disc degeneration and the potential of immunotherapy","volume":"64","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/03008207.2023.2212051","article-title":"Contribution of immune cells to intervertebral disc degeneration and the potential of immunotherapy","volume":"64","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib76","article-title":"High-tech methods of cytokine imbalance correction in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"24","author":"Shnayder","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5632260","article-title":"Quercetin increases growth performance and decreases incidence of diarrhea and mechanism of action in weaned piglets","volume":"2024","author":"Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4288","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204729","article-title":"DNMT1 regulates polarization of macrophage-induced intervertebral disc degeneration by modulating SIRT6 expression and promoting pyroptosis in vivo","volume":"15","author":"Hou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.31328","article-title":"The role of sirtuins in intervertebral disc degeneration: mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"239","author":"Tu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2018.0513","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms of the keap1\/Nrf2\/ARE signaling pathway in chronic diseases","volume":"10","author":"Tu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.04.161","article-title":"Nrf2 activation protects against intratracheal LPS induced mouse\/murine acute respiratory distress syndrome by regulating macrophage polarization","volume":"500","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11624","article-title":"Nrf2 suppresses macrophage inflammatory response by blocking proinflammatory cytokine transcription","volume":"7","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib83","first-page":"417","article-title":"Nrf2 signaling in macrophages","volume":"2","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"React Oxyg. Species (Apex)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib84","article-title":"Nrf2-mediated anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages as therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5819","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S432575","article-title":"The pivotal role of Nrf2 signal Axis in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601515","article-title":"Akt signaling pathway in macrophage activation and M1\/M2 polarization","volume":"198","author":"Vergadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2023.05.009","article-title":"Mechanism of M2 macrophages modulating astrocyte polarization through the TGF-\u03b2\/PI3K\/Akt pathway","volume":"259","author":"Pang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315330","article-title":"The PI3K\/Akt pathway in meta-inflammation","volume":"23","author":"Acosta-Martinez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.70065","article-title":"Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of macrophage polarization in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"8","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"JOR SPINE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.817099","article-title":"IGF signaling in intervertebral disc health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2025.1529315","article-title":"Progress of melatonin in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sigtrans.2017.23","article-title":"NF-\u03baB signaling in inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00312-6","article-title":"Targeting NF-\u03baB pathway for the therapy of diseases: mechanism and clinical study","volume":"5","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00705","article-title":"NF-\u03baB signaling in macrophages: dynamics, crosstalk, and signal integration","volume":"10","author":"Dorrington","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.160","article-title":"Role of cytokines in intervertebral disc degeneration: pain and disc content","volume":"10","author":"Risbud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib96","article-title":"Magnoflorine alleviates \u201cM1\u201d polarized macrophage-induced intervertebral disc degeneration through repressing the HMGB1\/myd88\/NF-\u03baB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib97","article-title":"HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG attenuates nucleus pulposus inflammation and catabolism induced by M1-polarized macrophages","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04772-6","article-title":"The role of AMPK in macrophage metabolism, function and polarisation","volume":"21","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib99","article-title":"AMPK regulates M1 macrophage polarization through the JAK2\/STAT3 signaling pathway to attenuate airway inflammation in obesity-related asthma","author":"Lei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03791-9","article-title":"High glucose suppresses autophagy through the AMPK pathway while it induces autophagy via oxidative stress in chondrocytes","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11010030","article-title":"Mitophagy: molecular mechanisms, new concepts on parkin activation and the emerging role of AMPK\/ULK1 Axis","volume":"11","author":"Iorio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.024","article-title":"Urolithin A-induced mitophagy suppresses apoptosis and attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration via the AMPK signaling pathway","volume":"150","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2014.2630","article-title":"AMPK activation inhibits expression of proinflammatory mediators through downregulation of PI3K\/p38 MAPK and NF-\u03baB signaling in murine macrophages","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.334","article-title":"Metformin protects against apoptosis and senescence in nucleus pulposus cells and ameliorates disc degeneration in vivo","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2021.1847645","article-title":"Metformin as a potential therapeutic for neurological disease: mobilizing AMPK to repair the nervous system","volume":"21","author":"Demar\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-86809-y","article-title":"Prediction of ADMET profile and anti-inflammatory potential of chamuangone","volume":"15","author":"Jantarawong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6632786","article-title":"Mangiferin alleviates mitochondrial ROS in nucleus pulposus cells and protects against intervertebral disc degeneration via suppression of NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"2021","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.02.018","article-title":"Nimbolide targeting SIRT1 mitigates intervertebral disc degeneration by reprogramming cholesterol metabolism and inhibiting inflammatory signaling","volume":"13","author":"Teng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib109","article-title":"Identification of a novel, MSC-induced macrophage subtype via single-cell sequencing: implications for intervertebral disc degeneration therapy","volume":"11","author":"Koroth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib110","article-title":"Polydopamine nanoparticles targeting ferroptosis mitigate intervertebral disc degeneration via reactive oxygen species depletion, iron ions chelation, and GPX4 ubiquitination suppression","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8885","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c12163","article-title":"Mitochondrial-targeted metal-phenolic nanoparticles to attenuate intervertebral disc degeneration: alleviating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1293","article-title":"Combining adhesive and nonadhesive injectable hydrogels for intervertebral disc repair in an ovine discectomy model","volume":"6","author":"Panebianco","year":"2023","journal-title":"JOR Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib113","article-title":"Injectable inflammation-responsive hydrogels for microenvironmental regulation of intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib114","article-title":"Macrophage polarization: an important role in inflammatory diseases","volume":"15","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02731-x","article-title":"M2 macrophage-polarized anti-inflammatory microneedle patch for accelerating biofilm-infected diabetic wound healing via modulating the insulin pathway","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."}],"container-title":["Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006291X25012045?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006291X25012045?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T12:22:01Z","timestamp":1772799721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006291X25012045"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":115,"alternative-id":["S0006291X25012045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-291X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-291X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Macrophage reprogramming as a therapeutic avenue in intervertebral disc degeneration: Insights into pharmacological targeting","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152489","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152489"}}