{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:14:01Z","timestamp":1789676041985,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032767","name":"Sichuan Medical Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Q2025124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q2025124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032767","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006765","name":"Chinese Medical Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024NSFJQ0054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024NSFJQ0054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017939","name":"Sichuan Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017939","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025MD774136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025MD774136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009731","name":"Sichuan Provincial Youth Science and Technology Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014895","name":"Southwest Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ZKY050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZKY050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82400740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82400740"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82170587"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170587"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T10:05:27Z","timestamp":1773828327000},"page":"153641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["3,3\u2032-diindolylmethane ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting the FMO3-TMAO axis in mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"814","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4000-9522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Runsheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tinfeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonghao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinpeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baolin","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenguang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10290","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32511-3","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"397","author":"Powell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0104-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies","volume":"24","author":"Friedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.11.014","article-title":"Lipotoxicity and the gut-liver axis in NASH pathogenesis","volume":"68","author":"Marra","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24001","article-title":"Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis","volume":"52","author":"Tilg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"7341","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09922","article-title":"Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease","volume":"472","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.12.011","article-title":"Trimethylamine-N-oxide, a metabolite associated with atherosclerosis, exhibits complex genetic and dietary regulation","volume":"17","author":"Bennett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3145","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Koeth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000215","article-title":"Emerging roles of flavin monooxygenase 3 in cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Schugar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib10","article-title":"Associations of gut-flora-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide, betaine and choline with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900257","article-title":"Trimethylamine N-Oxide aggravates liver steatosis through modulation of bile acid metabolism and inhibition of farnesoid X receptor signaling in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"63","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.4.9.1993","article-title":"Molecular targets and anticancer potential of indole-3-carbinol and its derivatives","volume":"4","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.04.021","article-title":"Cancer chemotherapy with indole-3-carbinol, bis(3\u2019-indolyl)methane and synthetic analogs","volume":"269","author":"Safe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.09.024","article-title":"3, 3\u2019-Diindolylmethane alleviates steatosis and the progression of NASH partly through shifting the imbalance of Treg\/Th17 cells to Treg dominance","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12008","article-title":"An improved mouse model that rapidly develops fibrosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"94","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.06.053","article-title":"The TMAO-producing enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 regulates obesity and the beiging of white adipose tissue","volume":"20","author":"Schugar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00139","article-title":"Gut microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine N-Oxide contributes to cardiac dysfunction in Western diet-induced Obese mice","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002767","article-title":"Trimethylamine N-Oxide promotes vascular inflammation through signaling of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear Factor-\u03baB","volume":"5","author":"Seldin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2020.07.010","article-title":"Trimethylamine N-oxide levels are associated with NASH in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes","volume":"47","author":"Le\u00f3n-Mimila","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib20","article-title":"Global trends in clinical trials and interventions for the metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive analysis of the WHO international clinical trials platform","volume":"40","author":"Muvhulawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Trial. Commun."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib21","article-title":"Rhein alleviates acute pancreatitis by inhibiting TMAO-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways and reducing acinar cell injury","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.11.052","article-title":"Trimethylamine-N-oxide disrupts spermatogenesis by inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress injury through hippo signaling","volume":"243","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dmd.2025.100133","article-title":"Upregulation of hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 by increased corticosterone via glucocorticoid receptor contributes to gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuw010","article-title":"Chemopreventive properties of 3,3\u2019-diindolylmethane in breast cancer: evidence from experimental and human studies","volume":"74","author":"Thomson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15101447","article-title":"From gut to heart: targeting trimethylamine N-Oxide as a novel strategy in heart failure management","volume":"15","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"}],"container-title":["Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006291X26004055?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006291X26004055?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:56:38Z","timestamp":1789674998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006291X26004055"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["S0006291X26004055"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-291X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-291X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"3,3\u2032-diindolylmethane ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting the FMO3-TMAO axis in mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.153641","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"153641"}}