{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:14:00Z","timestamp":1788952440201,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020627","name":"Kerman Neuroscience Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T15:18:43Z","timestamp":1787152723000},"page":"154463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["High-intensity interval training versus mesenchymal stem cells in amyloid-\u03b2-induced Alzheimer's disease: comparative effects on cognitive function,hippocampal inflammation, oxidative balance, and BDNF"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"834","author":[{"given":"Mahdieh Sadat","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Saheli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Amin","family":"RajiZadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Noureddin","family":"Nematollahi-Mahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Joushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8679-0669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbasali","family":"Gaeini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayvan","family":"Khoramipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Sheibani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3800","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.4c00339","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease: exploring the landscape of cognitive decline","volume":"15","author":"Tenchov","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-9912.385939","article-title":"The effects of nitric oxide in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Gas Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-02886-9","article-title":"Pathological mechanisms and treatment progression of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04169-w","article-title":"Trend analysis and future predictions of global burden of alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a study based on the global burden of disease database from 1990 to 2021","volume":"23","author":"Hao","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-026-00443-2","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease: from molecular pathways to therapies","volume":"7","author":"Feng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mol. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-09021-z","article-title":"Oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease: current knowledge of signaling pathways and therapeutics","volume":"51","author":"Dhapola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1474043","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive review of epidemiology, risk factors, symptoms diagnosis, management, caregiving, advanced treatments and associated challenges","volume":"11","author":"Safiri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2020.111201","article-title":"Arsenic (III) and\/or copper (II) induces oxidative stress in chicken brain and subsequent effects on mitochondrial homeostasis and autophagy","volume":"211","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00435-y","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease: where do we go from here?","volume":"17","author":"Leng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-025-08866-w","article-title":"Inflammatory markers and their relationship with cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Serna","year":"2025","journal-title":"NeuroMol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13010054","article-title":"The role of TNF-\u03b1 in Alzheimer's disease: a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Plantone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020257","article-title":"Decreased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Ng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-022-00279-0","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Alzheimer's disease and its pharmaceutical potential","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-025-08857-x","article-title":"Unlocking Alzheimer's disease: the role of BDNF signaling in neuropathology and treatment","volume":"27","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2025","journal-title":"NeuroMol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.925991","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a connecting link between nutrition, lifestyle, and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"16","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.10.034","article-title":"Elucidating pathway-selective biased CCKBR agonism for Alzheimer's disease treatment","volume":"189","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190817","article-title":"Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells improves amyloid-\u03b2 pathology by modifying microglial function and suppressing oxidative stress","volume":"72","author":"Yokokawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2024.07.019","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease: a novel therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"555","author":"Bhatt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib19","first-page":"1645","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-and extracellular vesicle-based therapies for Alzheimer's disease: progress, advantages, and challenges","volume":"18","author":"de Jesus Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.12.021","article-title":"Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transplantation improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease mice by decreasing oxidative stress and promoting hippocampal neurogenesis","volume":"320","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12207","article-title":"Stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease: an overview of experimental models and reality","volume":"5","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animal Model. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7834421","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"2021","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112026","article-title":"Translational insights into stem cell preconditioning: from molecular mechanisms to preclinical applications","volume":"142","author":"Moeinabadi-Bidgoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-06454-y","article-title":"The comprehensive impact of exercise interventions on cognitive function and quality of life in alzheimer's disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11020244","article-title":"Treadmill exercise prevents decline in spatial learning and memory in 3\u00d7 Tg-AD mice through enhancement of structural synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex","volume":"11","author":"Mu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05060-8","article-title":"Effective dosage and mode of exercise for enhancing cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease and dementia: a systematic review and Bayesian Model-Based Network Meta-analysis of RCTs","volume":"24","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1444716","article-title":"The impact of physical exercise on neuroinflammation mechanism in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib28","article-title":"Meta-analysis of high-intensity interval training effects on cognitive function in older adults and cognitively impaired patients","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3434","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.81951","article-title":"High-intensity interval training ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology by regulating astrocyte phenotype-associated AQP4 polarization","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1609793","article-title":"Multimodal DTI-ALPS and hippocampal microstructural signatures unveil stage-specific pathways in Alzheimer's disease progression","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.755665","article-title":"Exercise-induced benefits for Alzheimer's disease by stimulating mitophagy and improving mitochondrial function","volume":"13","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.629914","article-title":"Elevated lactate by high-intensity interval training regulates the hippocampal BDNF expression and the mitochondrial quality control system","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2024-0046","article-title":"A review of the application of exercise intervention on improving cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms and clinical studies","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102555","article-title":"The role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairments","volume":"102","author":"Brooks","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.13207","article-title":"Different physical exercise in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"25","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib36","first-page":"1852","article-title":"Isolation and enrichment of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and separation of single-colony derived MSCs","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.912896","article-title":"The protective effects of zeaxanthin on amyloid-\u03b2 peptide 1\u201342-induced impairment of learning and memory ability in rats","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-05798-8","article-title":"Inhibition of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) ameliorates cognitive performance and synaptic plasticity impairments in animal model of Alzheimer's diseases","volume":"238","author":"Zare","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117482","article-title":"Treadmill exercise enhances the promoting effects of preconditioned stem cells on memory and neurogenesis in A\u03b2-induced neurotoxicity in the rats","volume":"249","author":"Abshenas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70010","article-title":"Exploring the impact of acetylsalicylic acid and conditioned medium obtained from mesenchymal cells, individually and in combination, on cognitive function, histological changes, and oxidant\u2013antioxidant balance in male rats with hippocampal injury","volume":"14","author":"Zangiabadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib41","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell therapy improves spatial memory and hippocampal structure in aging rats","volume":"374","author":"Villar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5834","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26772","article-title":"Bone marrow or adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells: comparison of the therapeutic potentials in mice model of acute liver failure","volume":"119","author":"Zare","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4325","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22750-7","article-title":"Intravenous administration of anti-inflammatory mesenchymal stem cell spheroids reduces chronic alcohol intake and abolishes binge-drinking","volume":"8","author":"Ezquer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12572","article-title":"Activated mesenchymal stem cell administration inhibits chronic alcohol drinking and suppresses relapse\u2010like drinking in high\u2010alcohol drinker rats","volume":"24","author":"Ezquer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib45","series-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates: Hard Cover Edition","author":"Paxinos","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-020-00613-3","article-title":"Beta amyloid-induced time-dependent learning and memory impairment: involvement of HPA axis dysfunction","volume":"35","author":"Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01862-9","article-title":"Inhibition of the ISR abrogates mGluR5-dependent long-term depression and spatial memory deficits in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.552073","article-title":"The interplay between beta-amyloid 1\u201342 (A\u03b21\u201342)-induced hippocampal inflammatory response, p-tau, vascular pathology, and their synergistic contributions to neuronal death and behavioral deficits","volume":"13","author":"Calvo-Flores Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12101280","article-title":"High-intensity interval training-induced hippocampal molecular changes associated with improvement in anxiety-like behavior but not cognitive function in rats with type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Orumiyehei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03285-z","article-title":"High-intensity interval training ameliorates molecular changes in the hippocampus of male rats with the diabetic brain: the role of adiponectin","volume":"60","author":"Khoramipour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-02840-1","article-title":"Lung molecular and histological changes in type 2 diabetic rats and its improvement by high-intensity interval training","volume":"24","author":"Rajizadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4295","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-023-01421-w","article-title":"High intensity interval training can ameliorate hypothalamic appetite regulation in male rats with type 2 diabetes: the role of Leptin","volume":"43","author":"Khoramipour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2019.1640695","article-title":"The effects of high intensity exercise on learning and memory impairments followed by combination of sleep deprivation and demyelination induced by etidium bromide","volume":"129","author":"Rajizadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2021.04.028","article-title":"Transplantation of rat dental pulp stem cells facilities post-lesion recovery in the somatosensory whisker cortex of male Wistar rats","volume":"173","author":"Sabzalizadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2024.114785","article-title":"Effects of enriched environment on barrel cortex and hippocampus function following somatosensory damage in rat","volume":"291","author":"Farhadi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/tnsci-2022-0346","article-title":"Amelioration of behavioral and histological impairments in somatosensory cortex injury rats by limbal mesenchymal stem cell transplantation","volume":"15","author":"Derakhshani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2993","article-title":"Alteration in social interaction and tactile discrimination of juvenile autistic\u2010like rats following tactile stimulation and whisker deprivation","volume":"13","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4891","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03863-1","article-title":"Myrtenol inhalation mitigates asthma-induced cognitive impairments: an electrophysiological, behavioral, histological, and molecular study","volume":"61","author":"Esmaeilpour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-024-00432-x","article-title":"Updates in Alzheimer's disease: from basic research to diagnosis and therapies","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2025.1647628","article-title":"The impact of high-intensity interval training on cerebrovascular function in the APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"6","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib61","first-page":"1583","article-title":"High-intensity interval training combined with cannabidiol supplementation improves cognitive impairment by regulating the expression of apolipoprotein E, presenilin-1, and glutamate proteins in a rat model of amyloid \u03b2-induced Alzheimer's disease, Iran","volume":"27","author":"Kordi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-025-10274-3","article-title":"Positive effects of HIIT and vitamin E on cognitive function, angiogenesis and NRF2 antioxidant pathway in male rats with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"26","author":"Salehi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4386","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab093","article-title":"High-intensity intermittent training enhances spatial memory and hippocampal neurogenesis associated with BDNF signaling in rats","volume":"31","author":"Okamoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cerebr. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9050445","article-title":"One-week high-intensity interval training increases hippocampal plasticity and mitochondrial content without changes in redox state","volume":"9","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2026.1827919","article-title":"Exercise-induced modulation of astrocyte in Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"17","author":"Shi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.600365","article-title":"Exercise factors released by the liver, muscle, and bones have promising therapeutic potential for stroke","volume":"12","author":"Stephan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib67","article-title":"Compensatory cognition in neurological diseases and aging: a review of animal and human studies","volume":"3","author":"Kanishka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-022-00359-z","article-title":"Therapeutic utility of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based approaches in chronic neurodegeneration: a glimpse into underlying mechanisms, current status, and prospects","volume":"27","author":"Rahbaran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib69","article-title":"Research progress of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"16","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-026-00554-4","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells and neuroinflammation: a multimodal approach to neuroprotection and future therapeutic horizons","volume":"15","author":"Bufi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12208","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0291-13.2013","article-title":"Olfactory functions scale with circuit restoration in a rapidly reversible Alzheimer's disease model","volume":"33","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b16-00438","article-title":"New age therapy for Alzheimer's disease by neuronal network reconstruction","volume":"39","author":"Tohda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4103\/AGINGADV.AGINGADV-D-25-00026","article-title":"The role of microtubule proteins TUBB2A, TUBB3, and TUBB4B in neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: a bioinformatics analysis","volume":"2","author":"Shu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.4103\/AGINGADV.AGINGADV-D-24-00017","article-title":"Brazilin-rich extract from Sappan wood attenuates neuroinflammation through the restoration of the gut microbiota: improving cognitive function in mice with age-related Alzheimer's disease","volume":"1","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00395","article-title":"Apelin-13 suppresses neuroinflammation against cognitive deficit in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease through activation of BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway","volume":"10","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7440","article-title":"Dl-3-n-butylphthalide inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome and mitigates Alzheimer's-like pathology via Nrf2-TXNIP-TrX axis","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib77","first-page":"5015","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on mice with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"16","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-026-08052-x","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells and secretome as modulators of neuroinflammation in neurological disorders","author":"Yao","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13111577","article-title":"Mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Jaberi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00030.2022","article-title":"Oxidative damage in neurodegeneration: roles in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease","volume":"104","author":"Perluigi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2026.1772036","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction and mitochondrial failure in Alzheimer's disease: integrating pathophysiology, clinical evidence and emerging interventions","volume":"17","author":"Xiao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.2174\/011570159X342720241014164650","article-title":"Oxidative stress-mediated lipid peroxidation-derived lipid aldehydes in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"23","author":"Allowitz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2021.111617","article-title":"Arsenic (III) induces oxidative stress and inflammation in the gills of common carp, which is ameliorated by zinc (II)","volume":"225","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2025.2568606","article-title":"Glial cell nutrient sensing: mechanisms of nutrients regulating Alzheimer's pathogenesis and precision intervention","volume":"66","author":"Yan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13081250","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: an emerging diagnostic and therapeutic biomolecules for neurodegenerative disabilities","volume":"13","author":"Kandeel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.6.846","article-title":"Region-specific neurotrophin imbalances in Alzheimer disease: decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and increased levels of nerve growth factor in hippocampus and cortical areas","volume":"57","author":"Hock","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.62","article-title":"Decreased peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis study (N=7277)","volume":"22","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.3390\/physiologia4040027","article-title":"Impact of high-intensity exercise on BDNF levels and its implications in high-performance sport: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Moreno-Infantes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02393-2","article-title":"Exosomes derived from bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells alleviate cognitive decline in AD-like mice by improving BDNF-related neuropathology","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"}],"container-title":["Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006291X26012271?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006291X26012271?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:34:48Z","timestamp":1788950088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006291X26012271"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["S0006291X26012271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-291X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-291X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"High-intensity interval training versus mesenchymal stem cells in amyloid-\u03b2-induced Alzheimer's disease: comparative effects on cognitive function,hippocampal inflammation, oxidative balance, and BDNF","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2026.154463","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"154463"}}