{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:56:35Z","timestamp":1791050195674,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPUS 22 2021\/43\/B\/NZ7\/00230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPUS 22 2021\/43\/B\/NZ7\/00230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRELUDIUM 12 2016\/23\/N\/NZ7\/00356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRELUDIUM 12 2016\/23\/N\/NZ7\/00356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008725","name":"Maj Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biochemical Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T07:49:20Z","timestamp":1770364160000},"page":"117773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["CCR2\/CCR5 antagonism with cenicriviroc relieves neuropathic pain induced by sciatic nerve injury and delays morphine tolerance in mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"247","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Piotrowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Starnowska-Sok\u00f3\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Ciapa\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Barut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Ciechanowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Kwiatkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Rojewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Pawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Kreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Mika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0005","first-page":"512","article-title":"Neuropathic Pain., Continuum (Minneap","volume":"23","author":"Zilliox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Minn)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17002","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.2","article-title":"Neuropathic pain","volume":"3","author":"Colloca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Baron, Neuropathic Pain: A Clinical Perspective, in: Handb. Exp. Pharmacol., 2009: pp. 3\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-79090-7_1.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-79090-7_1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000492","article-title":"Neuropathic pain: an updated grading system for research and clinical practice","volume":"157","author":"Finnerup","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.11.013","article-title":"Neuropathic pain in the general population: A systematic review of epidemiological studies","volume":"155","author":"van Hecke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2018.09.016","article-title":"Neuropathic pain: Definition, assessment and epidemiology","volume":"175","author":"Bouhassira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol. (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2018.08.005","article-title":"Pharmacological treatments of neuropathic pain: The latest recommendations","volume":"175","author":"Attal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol. (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17448069211056767","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications in neuropathic pain","volume":"17","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Cao, Q. Xu, Y. Shi, R. Zhao, H. Li, J. Zheng, F. Liu, Y. Wan, B. Wei, Pathology of pain and its implications for therapeutic interventions, Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 2024 91 9 (2024) 155-. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-024-01845-w.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01845-w"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.3390\/life15060888","article-title":"Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in Neuropathic Pain Signaling","volume":"15","author":"Felix","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2680","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11102680","article-title":"Ion Channel Genes in Painful Neuropathies","volume":"11","author":"\u015al\u0119czkowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9000","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24109000","article-title":"Analgesic Effects of Fisetin, Peimine, Astaxanthin, Artemisinin, Bardoxolone Methyl and 740 Y-P and Their Influence on Opioid Analgesia in a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain","volume":"24","author":"Ciapa\u0142a","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2025.e00765","article-title":"Promising effects of astaxanthin on pain-related behaviors and morphine tolerance in a mouse model of neuropathic pain: Possible involvement of Nrf2 and the NMDA receptor subunit NR2B","volume":"22","author":"Ciapa\u0142a","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/676473","article-title":"Parthenolide Relieves Pain and Promotes M2 Microglia\/Macrophage Polarization in Rat Model of Neuropathy","author":"Popiolek-Barczyk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prmcm.2025.100624","article-title":"Analysis of potential neuropharmacological activity and attenuating effect in chronic constriction induced neuropathic pain using Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand flower ethanol extract","volume":"15","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res. - Mod. Chinese Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.01.072","article-title":"Importance of glial activation in neuropathic pain","volume":"716","author":"Mika","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2018.01.006","article-title":"The importance of chemokines in neuropathic pain development and opioid analgesic potency","volume":"70","author":"Kwiatkowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5766","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28155766","article-title":"Targeting Members of the Chemokine Family as a Novel Approach to Treating Neuropathic Pain","volume":"28","author":"Pawlik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3788","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073788","article-title":"CC Chemokine Family Members\u2019 Modulation as a Novel Approach for Treating Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System Injury\u2014A Review of Clinical and Experimental Findings","volume":"25","author":"Ciechanowska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13750","article-title":"Opioids and the immune system \u2013 friend or foe","volume":"175","author":"Plein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.03.007","article-title":"Chemokines CCL2 and CCL7, but not CCL12, play a significant role in the development of pain-related behavior and opioid-induced analgesia","volume":"119","author":"Kwiatkowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106540","article-title":"Comparison of the beneficial effects of RS504393, maraviroc and cenicriviroc on neuropathic pain-related symptoms in rodents: behavioral and biochemical analyses","volume":"84","author":"Kwiatkowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.01.492","article-title":"Contribution of chemokine CCL2\/CCR2 signaling in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord to the maintenance of neuropathic pain in a rat model of lumbar disc herniation","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.04.017","article-title":"Direct and indirect pharmacological modulation of CCL2\/CCR2 pathway results in attenuation of neuropathic pain - In vivo and in vitro evidence","volume":"297","author":"Piotrowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-017-9729-6","article-title":"The RS504393 Influences the Level of Nociceptive Factors and Enhances Opioid Analgesic Potency in Neuropathic Rats","volume":"12","author":"Kwiatkowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2013.03.005","article-title":"Spinal CCL2 and microglial activation are involved in paclitaxel-evoked cold hyperalgesia","volume":"95","author":"Pevida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-136","article-title":"Chemokine CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 in the medullary dorsal horn are involved in trigeminal neuropathic pain","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0140","unstructured":"ClinicalTrails.gov, BMS-741672 for Diabetic Neuropathic Pain, 2009 (2009)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.07.005","article-title":"Beneficial properties of maraviroc on neuropathic pain development and opioid effectiveness in rats","volume":"64","author":"Kwiatkowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacology Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.04.024","article-title":"Maraviroc reduces neuropathic pain through polarization of microglia and astroglia \u2013 Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"108","author":"Piotrowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113386","article-title":"Blockade of CCR5 suppresses paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathic pain caused by increased deoxycholic acid","volume":"42","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-024-10144-8","article-title":"Sigma-1 Receptors Control Neuropathic Pain and Peripheral Neuroinflammation After Nerve Injury in Female Mice: A Transcriptomic Study","volume":"19","author":"Ruiz-Cantero","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1058204","article-title":"New insights into the analgesic properties of the XCL1\/XCR1 and XCL1\/ITGA9 axes modulation under neuropathic pain conditions - evidence from animal studies","volume":"13","author":"Ciechanowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120014","article-title":"Chemokine receptor antagonists enhance morphine\u2019s antinociceptive effect but not respiratory depression","volume":"285","author":"Inan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13040579","article-title":"Pharmacological Modulation of the MIP-1 Family and Their Receptors Reduces Neuropathic Pain Symptoms and Influences Morphine Analgesia: Evidence from a Mouse Model","volume":"13","author":"Ciechanowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07549.x","article-title":"Modulatory effects of the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc on microglial pro-inflammatory activation elicited by gp120","volume":"120","author":"Lisi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-8666-1","article-title":"Modulation of chemokine receptor activity through dimerization and crosstalk","volume":"66","author":"Salanga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4869","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03255-6","article-title":"Dual CCR5\/CCR2 targeting: opportunities for the cure of complex disorders","volume":"76","author":"Fantuzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0195","article-title":"CCR5\/CCL5 axis interaction promotes migratory and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0200","article-title":"Neurobiology of microglial action in CNS injuries: Receptor-mediated signaling mechanisms and functional roles","volume":"119\u2013120","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.02.001","article-title":"Effect of CCL2 on BV2 microglial cell migration: Involvement of probable signaling pathways","volume":"81","author":"Bose","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.10.2497","article-title":"Chemokine receptor homo- or heterodimerization activates distinct signaling pathways","volume":"20","author":"Mellado","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2018.1442436","article-title":"Cenicriviroc for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Tacke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.003","article-title":"Cenicriviroc Lacked Efficacy to Treat Liver Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: AURORA Phase III Randomized Study","volume":"22","author":"Anstee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2019.105922","article-title":"Cenicriviroc for the treatment of liver fibrosis in adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: AURORA Phase 3 study design","volume":"89","author":"Anstee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09950","article-title":"The role of CCR5 in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders","volume":"8","author":"Riviere-Cazaux","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2024.117860","article-title":"Current status of the small molecule anti-HIV drugs in the pipeline or recently approved","volume":"111","author":"Umumararungu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Rullo, C. Morosini, A. Lacorte, M. Cristani, F. Coluzzi, S. Candeletti, P. Romualdi, Opioid system and related ligands: from the past to future perspectives, J. Anesth. Analg. Crit. Care 2024 41 4 (2024) 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S44158-024-00201-2.","DOI":"10.1186\/s44158-024-00201-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00068-7","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy and non-invasive neuromodulation for neuropathic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Soliman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15638","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415638","article-title":"CC Chemokine Receptor 4 (CCR4) as a Possible New Target for Therapy","volume":"23","author":"Bogacka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00094","article-title":"Bidirectional Regulation of Opioid and Chemokine Function","volume":"11","author":"Rogers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10276","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.102327699","article-title":"Heterologous desensitization of opioid receptors by chemokines inhibits chemotaxis and enhances the perception of pain","volume":"99","author":"Szabo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.10.030","article-title":"Decreased pain responses of C-C chemokine receptor 5 knockout mice to chemical or inflammatory stimuli","volume":"67","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2533","article-title":"Pathological and protective roles of glia in chronic pain","volume":"10","author":"Milligan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2010.01.002","article-title":"Chemokines, neuronal\u2013glial interactions, and central processing of neuropathic pain","volume":"126","author":"Gao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2513-1","article-title":"Chemokines in neuron\u2013glial cell interaction and pathogenesis of neuropathic pain","volume":"74","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.2174\/18715273113126660173","article-title":"Relationship between the chemokine receptor CCR5 and microglia in neurological disorders: consequences of targeting CCR5 on neuroinflammation, neuronal death and regeneration in a model of epilepsy","volume":"12","author":"Louboutin","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.745178","article-title":"Delta Opioid Receptor in Astrocytes Contributes to Neuropathic Cold Pain and Analgesic Tolerance in Female Mice","volume":"15","author":"Reiss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00891-3","article-title":"Dual ultrastructural immunocytochemical labeling of \u03bc and \u03b4 opioid receptors in the superficial layers of the rat cervical spinal cord","volume":"778","author":"Cheng","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2018.06.027","article-title":"CCR5 Revisited: How Mechanisms of HIV Entry Govern AIDS Pathogenesis","volume":"430","author":"Brelot","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.2174\/138945011701151217110917","article-title":"The CCL2\/CCR2 Axis in the Pathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection: A New Cellular Target for Therapy?","volume":"17","author":"Angela Covino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003275","article-title":"Diversity of microglial transcriptional responses during opioid exposure and neuropathic pain","volume":"165","author":"Sypek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3283522e1b","article-title":"Absence of \u03bc opioid receptor mRNA expression in astrocytes and microglia of rat spinal cord","volume":"23","author":"Kao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104420","article-title":"Delta-Opioid Receptor Analgesia Is Independent of Microglial Activation in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain","volume":"9","author":"Mika","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90201-4","article-title":"Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals","volume":"16","author":"Zimmermann","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90209-6","article-title":"A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man","volume":"33","author":"Bennett","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108232","article-title":"Novel hybrid compounds, opioid agonist+melanocortin 4 receptor antagonist, as efficient analgesics in mouse chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain","volume":"178","author":"Starnowska-Sok\u00f3\u0142","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01241","article-title":"CCR4 Antagonist (C021) Administration Diminishes Hypersensitivity and Enhances the Analgesic Potency of Morphine and Buprenorphine in a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain","volume":"11","author":"Bogacka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7410","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137410","article-title":"A New Application for Cenicriviroc, a Dual CCR2\/CCR5 Antagonist, in the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in a Mouse Model","volume":"25","author":"Bober","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-024-00671-9","article-title":"Astaxanthin has a beneficial influence on pain-related symptoms and opioid-induced hyperalgesia in mice with diabetic neuropathy-evidence from behavioral studies","volume":"76","author":"Ciapa\u0142a","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0355","first-page":"3418","article-title":"Pharmacological blockade of CXCR3 by (\u00b1)-NBI-74330 reduces neuropathic pain and enhances opioid effectiveness - Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"2018","author":"Piotrowska","year":"1864","journal-title":"BBA- Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2002373","article-title":"A Method to Separate Nuclear, Cytosolic, and Membrane-Associated Signaling Molecules in Cultured Cells","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2015.11.001","article-title":"Sequential fractionation and isolation of subcellular proteins from tissue or cultured cells","volume":"2","author":"Baghirova","year":"2015","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen088","article-title":"Spinal cord mechanisms of pain","volume":"101","author":"D\u2019Mello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-0633-4","article-title":"Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury: Challenges and Research Perspectives","volume":"15","author":"Shiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001282","article-title":"Chronic neuropathic pain reduces opioid receptor availability with associated anhedonia in rat","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain 159"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2016.08.002","article-title":"Allostatic Mechanisms of Opioid Tolerance Beyond Desensitization and Downregulation","volume":"37","author":"Cahill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8585","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65589-7","article-title":"Agonist-induced phosphorylation bar code and differential post-activation signaling of the delta opioid receptor revealed by phosphosite-specific antibodies","volume":"10","author":"Mann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1113\/JP277428","article-title":"\u03bc-Opioid receptors in primary sensory neurons are essential for opioid analgesic effect on acute and inflammatory pain and opioid-induced hyperalgesia","volume":"597","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11120-4","article-title":"Morphine-induced hyperalgesia involves mu opioid receptors and the metabolite morphine-3-glucuronide","volume":"7","author":"Roeckel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5552-03.2004","article-title":"Neuropathic pain activates the endogenous \u03ba opioid system in mouse spinal cord and induces opioid receptor tolerance","author":"Xu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318238bba6","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Opioid Receptor-dependent Signaling and Behavior","volume":"115","author":"Al-Hasani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.112.005942","article-title":"Regulation of \u00b5 -Opioid Receptors: Desensitization, Phosphorylation, Internalization, and Tolerance","volume":"65","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.03.011","article-title":"Post-translational Modifications of Opioid Receptors","volume":"43","author":"Lemos Duarte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.07.024","article-title":"Morphine promotes phosphorylation of the human \u03b4-opioid receptor at serine 363","volume":"519","author":"Navratilova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36659","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006788200","article-title":"Hierarchical phosphorylation of \u03b4-opioid receptor regulates agonist-induced receptor desensitization and internalization","volume":"275","author":"El Kouhen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00280","article-title":"Opioid receptor desensitization: Mechanisms and its link to tolerance","volume":"5","author":"Allouche","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf6059","article-title":"Subcellular location defines GPCR signal transduction","volume":"9","author":"Radoux-Mergault","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00613-X","article-title":"Regulation of opioid receptor trafficking and morphine tolerance by receptor oligomerization","author":"He","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7333","DOI":"10.2174\/138161281942140105160625","article-title":"Opioid Receptor Interacting Proteins and the Control of Opioid Signaling","volume":"19","author":"Lamberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.67478","article-title":"Conformational specificity of opioid receptors is determined by subcellular location irrespective of agonist","volume":"10","author":"Crilly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00726","article-title":"Microglia Express Mu Opioid Receptor: Insights From Transcriptomics and Fluorescent Reporter Mice","volume":"9","author":"Maduna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4262","article-title":"Loss of \u03bc opioid receptor signaling in nociceptors, but not microglia, abrogates morphine tolerance without disrupting analgesia","volume":"23","author":"Corder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.025","article-title":"Age- and gender-related differences in GABAA receptor-mediated postsynaptic currents in GABAergic neurons of the substantia nigra reticulata in the rat","volume":"163","author":"Chudomel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10242","article-title":"Region specific differential regulation of 5HT-5A and 5B receptor is associated with the difference in stress level between male and female rats","volume":"8","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4452-07.2008","article-title":"Spinal \u03bc-Opioid Receptor-Expressing Dorsal Horn Neurons: Role in Nociception and Morphine Antinociception","volume":"28","author":"Kline","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25199","article-title":"Microglial inflammation modulates opioid analgesic tolerance","volume":"101","author":"Pahan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.09.022","article-title":"Attenuation of rodent neuropathic pain by an orally active peptide, RAP-103, which potently blocks CCR2- and CCR5-mediated monocyte chemotaxis and inflammation","volume":"153","author":"Padi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-020-00607-3","article-title":"CCR2 is localized in microglia and neurons, as well as infiltrating monocytes, in the lumbar spinal cord of ALS mice","volume":"13","author":"Komiya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.11.012","article-title":"CCL2-CCR2 Axis Potentiates NMDA Receptor Signaling to Aggravate Neuropathic Pain Induced by Brachial Plexus Avulsion","volume":"425","author":"Xian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-020-01850-4","article-title":"Bilateral activation of glial cells and cellular distribution of the chemokine CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis of trigeminal neuropathic pain model","volume":"153","author":"Kub\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.01.005","article-title":"Microglial expression of chemokine receptor CCR5 during rat forebrain development and after perinatal hypoxia\u2013ischemia","volume":"173","author":"Cowell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04783-1","article-title":"CCR5 closes the temporal window for memory linking","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature 606"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.615327","article-title":"Bidirectional Action of Cenicriviroc, a CCR2\/CCR5 Antagonist, Results in Alleviation of Pain-Related Behaviors and Potentiation of Opioid Analgesia in Rats With Peripheral Neuropathy","volume":"11","author":"Kwiatkowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2058738419838383","article-title":"The neuropathic pain: An overview of the current treatment and future therapeutic approaches","volume":"33","author":"Cavalli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2008\/11\/S105","article-title":"Opioid complications and side effects","volume":"11","author":"Benyamin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.07.005","article-title":"Attenuation of morphine tolerance by minocycline and pentoxifylline in naive and neuropathic mice","volume":"23","author":"Mika","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain. Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31305","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M001269200","article-title":"Morphine induces gene expression of CCR5 in human CEMx174 lymphocytes","volume":"275","author":"Miyagi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0798-786","article-title":"Genealogy of the CCR5 locus and chemokine system gene variants associated with altered rates of HIV-1 disease progression","volume":"4","author":"Mummidi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16664-z","article-title":"Sex differences in peripheral not central immune responses to pain-inducing injury","volume":"7","author":"Lopes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0127-4","article-title":"Neuronal and glial factors contributing to sex differences in opioid modulation of pain","volume":"44","author":"Averitt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000389","article-title":"Sex differences in pain: A tale of two immune cells","volume":"157","author":"Mapplebeck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-020-00339-y","article-title":"Sex differences in neuro(auto)immunity and chronic sciatic nerve pain","volume":"11","author":"Linher-Melville","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet127","article-title":"Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings","volume":"111","author":"Bartley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118149","article-title":"Pharmacological modulation of neutrophils, in contrast to that of macrophages\/microglia, is sex independent and delays the development of morphine tolerance in a mouse model of neuropathic pain","volume":"187","author":"Pawlik","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2007.02.004","article-title":"Mechanisms of opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia","volume":"8","author":"DuPen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain Manag. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.14444\/8756","article-title":"Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia and Inflammaging in the Management of Spine Pain: The Case for Genetically Directed Dopamine Homeostasis","volume":"19","author":"Lewandrowski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Spine Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0590","first-page":"125","article-title":"Opioid-induced hyperalgesia, Contin. Educ. Anaesth. Crit. Care","volume":"14","author":"Velayudhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-019-00660-0","article-title":"Opioid-Induced Tolerance and Hyperalgesia","volume":"33","author":"Mercadante","year":"2019","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.101.1.0008","article-title":"Management and outcomes in 353 surgically treated sciatic nerve lesions","volume":"101","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0605","first-page":"181","article-title":"Sciatic Neuropathy: Case Report and Discussion of the Literature on Postoperative Sciatic Neuropathy and Sciatic Nerve Tumors, HSS Journal\u00ae Musculoskelet","volume":"2","author":"Feinberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Spec. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e3282186baa","article-title":"Morphine-induced sensitization in mice: Changes in locomotor activity by prior scheduled exposure to GABAA receptor agents","volume":"18","author":"Zarrindast","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0615","first-page":"1","article-title":"Locomotor activity: A distinctive index in morphine self-administration in rats","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0620","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bulleyaconitine A Inhibits Morphine-Induced Withdrawal Symptoms, Conditioned Place Preference, and Locomotor Sensitization Via Microglial Dynorphin A Expression","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10437","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of opioid tolerance: From opioid receptors to inflammatory mediators (Review)","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-023-04810-3","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of morphine tolerance and dependence; novel insights and future perspectives","volume":"479","author":"Badshah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Zhao, X. Xin, G. xi Xie, P.P. Palmer, Y. guang Huang, Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the age-dependency of opioid analgesia and tolerance, Mol. Pain 8 (2012) 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1744-8069-8-38.","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-8-38"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4259","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.073742","article-title":"Serine 363 of the \u03b4-opioid receptor is crucial for adopting distinct pathways to activate ERK1\/2 in response to stimulation with different ligands","volume":"123","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34989","article-title":"Cellular tolerance at the \u00b5-opioid receptor is phosphorylation dependent","volume":"7","author":"Arttamangkul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2010.00367.x","article-title":"The Role of Glia and the Immune System in the Development and Maintenance of Neuropathic Pain","volume":"10","author":"Vallejo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0655","unstructured":"J. Mika, Modulation of microglia can attenuate neuropathic pain symptoms and enhance morphine effectiveness, (2008)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.01.013","article-title":"Minocycline and pentoxifylline attenuate allodynia and hyperalgesia and potentiate the effects of morphine in rat and mouse models of neuropathic pain","volume":"560","author":"Mika","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2234","article-title":"Interactions between the immune and nervous systems in pain","volume":"16","author":"Ren","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2908","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867323666160607120124","article-title":"Targeting the Microglial Signaling Pathways: New Insights in the Modulation of Neuropathic Pain","volume":"23","author":"Popiolek-Barczyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2013.06.005","article-title":"Minocycline influences the anti-inflammatory interleukins and enhances the effectiveness of morphine under mice diabetic neuropathy","volume":"262","author":"Zychowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.4149\/gpb_2022015","article-title":"Investigation of the key targets and pharmacological mechanisms of rhamnocitrin against oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain based on network pharmacology approach and experimental validation","volume":"41","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gen. Physiol. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.03.006","article-title":"Involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the development of morphine tolerance","volume":"683","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.08.001","article-title":"Minocycline prevents dynorphin-induced neurotoxicity during neuropathic pain in rats","volume":"86","author":"Rojewska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70216","article-title":"C3\/C3aR Bridges Spinal Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk and Accelerates Neuroinflammation in Morphine-Tolerant Rats","volume":"31","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2018.1457061","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide from rhodobacter sphaeroides (Tlr4 antagonhypersensitivity and modulates nociceptive factors","volume":"56","author":"Jurga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15952","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1609-13.2013","article-title":"Blockade of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Attenuates Morphine Tolerance and Facilitates the Pain Relieving Properties of Morphine","volume":"33","author":"Eidson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10154","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0852-17.2017","article-title":"Site-Specific Regulation of P2X7 Receptor Function in Microglia Gates Morphine Analgesic Tolerance","volume":"37","author":"Leduc-Pessah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1499799","article-title":"Microglia in morphine tolerance: cellular and molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2023.0018","article-title":"Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Treatments for Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy","volume":"47","author":"Jang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.1007889","article-title":"The role of astrocytes in neuropathic pain","volume":"15","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-017-0961-6","article-title":"Vimentin Promotes Astrocyte Activation After Chronic Constriction Injury","volume":"63","author":"Xue","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-022-00961-3","article-title":"Astrocytes in Chronic Pain: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms","volume":"39","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006973","article-title":"Crosstalk between Spinal Astrocytes and Neurons in Nerve Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01387.x","article-title":"The subtleties of \u00b5-opioid receptor phosphorylation","volume":"164","author":"Kelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0750","article-title":"The dual CCR2\/CCR5 chemokine receptor antagonist Cenicriviroc reduces macrophage infiltration and disease severity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Dmdmdx-4Cv) mice","volume":"13","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202350847","article-title":"Cenicriviroc, a CCR2\/CCR5 antagonist, promotes the generation of type 1 regulatory T cells","volume":"54","author":"Madan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02335-4","article-title":"Chemokine CCL2 prevents opioid-induced inhibition of nociceptive synaptic transmission in spinal cord dorsal horn","volume":"18","author":"Heles","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707604","article-title":"Agonist\u2010selective mechanisms of GPCR desensitization","volume":"153","author":"Kelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Serrano, M. Par\u00e9, F. Mcintosh, S. Jr Elmes, G. Martino, C. Jomphe, E. Lessard, P.M. Lembo, F. Vaillancourt, M.N. Perkins, C.Q. Cao, Blocking spinal CCR2 with AZ889 reversed hyperalgesia in a model of neuropathic pain, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1744-8069-6-90.","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-6-90"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2006.09.017","article-title":"Special issue on sphingolipids","volume":"1758","author":"Go\u00f1i","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Biomembr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm908","article-title":"Seven-transmembrane receptors","volume":"3","author":"Pierce","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0115-8","article-title":"Chemokine receptor CCR2 contributes to neuropathic pain and the associated depression via increasing NR2B-mediated currents in both D1 and D2 dopamine receptor-containing medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens shell","volume":"43","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.2A0414-193RR","article-title":"CCR5 susceptibility to ligand-mediated down-modulation differs between human T lymphocytes and myeloid cells","volume":"98","author":"Fox","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280902913628","article-title":"Morphine enhances Tat-induced activation in murine microglia","volume":"15","author":"Bokhari","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000074973.83826.4C","article-title":"Morphine Enhances HIV Infection of Neonatal Macrophages","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-50-06-03","article-title":"Morphine enhances HIV infection of human blood mononuclear phagocytes through modulation of beta-chemokines and CCR5 receptor","volume":"50","author":"Guo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Investig. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2005.02.004","article-title":"Morphine modulates chemokine gene regulation in normal human astrocytes","volume":"115","author":"Mahajan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2003.10.033","article-title":"Heterodimerization and cross-desensitization between the \u03bc-opioid receptor and the chemokine CCR5 receptor","volume":"483","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1661-5","article-title":"A bivalent compound targeting CCR5 and the mu opioid receptor treats inflammatory arthritis pain in mice without inducing pharmacologic tolerance","volume":"20","author":"Dutta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773_b0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16897","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-67926-6","article-title":"Inhibition of intrahepatic monocyte recruitment by Cenicriviroc and extracellular matrix degradation by MMP1 synergistically attenuate liver inflammation and fibrogenesis in vivo","volume":"14","author":"Geervliet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Biochemical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006295226001048?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006295226001048?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T13:07:14Z","timestamp":1779109634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006295226001048"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":165,"alternative-id":["S0006295226001048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-2952"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-2952","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"CCR2\/CCR5 antagonism with cenicriviroc relieves neuropathic pain induced by sciatic nerve injury and delays morphine tolerance in mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biochemical Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.117773","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117773"}}