{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T00:36:13Z","timestamp":1792888573854,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012099","name":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012099","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007446","name":"King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGP2\/499\/46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/499\/46"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biochemical Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T14:40:48Z","timestamp":1777732848000},"page":"118024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["Genistein and the immune system: experimental evidence, key challenges, and future perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"250","author":[{"given":"Ravichandran","family":"Vishwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babu Santha","family":"Aswani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjana","family":"Sajeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed S.","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8677-8475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gautam","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9121-6816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajaikumar B","family":"Kunnumakkara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B.S. Aswani, A. Sajeev, M. Hegde, A.B. Kunnumakkara, Cinnamon: health benefits and its potential role in prevention and treatment of COVID-19, Cinnamon, Elsevier2025, pp. 263-288.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-21820-0.00017-9"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_677_21","article-title":"A review of the effect of COVID-19 on immune responses of the body","volume":"11","author":"Hekmatnia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-01015-x","article-title":"Immune response in COVID-19: what is next?","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2002324118","article-title":"Ranking the risk of animal-to-human spillover for newly discovered viruses","volume":"118","author":"Grange","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9823","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60661-y","article-title":"Modeling spillover dynamics: understanding emerging pathogens of public health concern","volume":"14","author":"Saldana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2024.1490302","article-title":"The 3 I's of immunity and aging: immunosenescence, inflammaging, and immune resilience","volume":"5","author":"Wrona","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1387623","article-title":"Multidisciplinary approaches to combat emerging viruses: diagnostics, therapeutic gene and vaccine delivery, and nanotherapeutics","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106387","article-title":"Phytoestrogens protect joints in collagen induced arthritis by increasing IgG glycosylation and reducing osteoclast activation","volume":"83","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.594556","article-title":"Immune dysfunctions and immune-based therapeutic interventions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Griggio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-018-0016-9","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis: pathological mechanisms and modern pharmacologic therapies","volume":"6","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.593289","article-title":"Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in early life: insights into immune mechanisms and novel targeted therapies","volume":"11","author":"Shamriz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0136","article-title":"Effect of low-fat diets on plasma levels of NF-\u039aB\u2013regulated inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors in men with prostate cancer","volume":"4","author":"Heymach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2018.06.001","article-title":"A novel bioavailable hydrogenated curcuminoids formulation (CuroWhite\u2122) improves symptoms and diagnostic indicators in rheumatoid arthritis patients-a randomized, double blind and placebo controlled study","volume":"9","author":"Jacob","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Complement. Med."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29143372","article-title":"Natural bioactive compounds and human health","volume":"29","author":"Narayanankutty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3168","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1985428","article-title":"Effects and mechanisms of natural products on Alzheimer's disease","volume":"63","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0080","first-page":"581","article-title":"Free radical scavenging, antitumor and anticarcinogenic activity of gossypin","volume":"22","author":"Babu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. & Clin. Cancer Res.: CR"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E292","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26442","article-title":"Zyflamend suppresses growth and sensitizes human pancreatic tumors to gemcitabine in an orthotopic mouse model through modulation of multiple targets","volume":"131","author":"Kunnumakkara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.12.020","article-title":"Potential application of zerumbone in the prevention and therapy of chronic human diseases","volume":"53","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2014-0093","article-title":"Cyperus rotundus L. prevents non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastric mucosal damage by inhibiting oxidative stress","volume":"26","author":"Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2015.986101","article-title":"Nutraceuticals and amyloid neurodegenerative diseases: a focus on natural phenols","volume":"15","author":"Rigacci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0105","article-title":"Plumbagin, a natural compound with several biological effects and anti-inflammatory properties","volume":"13","author":"Petrocelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life (basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.855","article-title":"Resveratrol: a miraculous natural compound for diseases treatment","volume":"6","author":"Koushki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.2174\/1874467213666201221163210","article-title":"Phytotherapeutic and natural compound applications for age-related inflammatory and serious eye ailments","volume":"14","author":"Karakus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.5937\/savteh1702096N","article-title":"Classification and biological activity of phytoestrogens: a review","volume":"6","author":"Nikoli\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Technol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0125","article-title":"Phytoestrogens for Cancer Prevention and Treatment","volume":"9","author":"Torrens-Mas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biology (basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0130","unstructured":"S.R. Davis, F.S. Dalais, E.R. Simpson, A.L. Murkies, Phytoestrogens in health and disease, Recent Prog Horm Res 54 (1999) 185-210 discussion 210-1."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15020317","article-title":"Phytoestrogens and Health Effects","volume":"15","author":"Canivenc-Lavier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(98)00281-4","article-title":"Phytoestrogens: the \u201cnatural\u201d selective estrogen receptor modulators?","volume":"85","author":"Brzezinski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890510044586","article-title":"Phytoestrogens: end of a tale?","volume":"37","author":"Sirtori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.55.167","article-title":"Soy isoflavones and immunity","volume":"55","author":"Sakai","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2015.10.026","article-title":"Bioactivity of genistein: a review of in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"76","author":"Ganai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27030815","article-title":"Genistein-opportunities related to an interesting molecule of natural origin","volume":"27","author":"Garbiec","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.2174\/0115680266319955241224073611","article-title":"Genistein as a chemo-modulatory agent: exploring its potential in chemosensitization and combinatorial therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment","volume":"25","author":"Sailo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(96)87355-8","article-title":"Quantification of genistein and genistin in soybeans and soybean products","volume":"34","author":"Fukutake","year":"1996","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(02)00116-4","article-title":"Genistein","volume":"60","author":"Dixon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.187395","article-title":"Genistein potentiates the effect of 17-beta estradiol on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line","volume":"5","author":"Kavoosi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0185","article-title":"Study on biotransformation and absorption of genistin based on fecal microbiota and Caco-2 cell","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-5522fje","article-title":"Genistein, a soy isoflavone, up-regulates expression of antioxidant genes: involvement of estrogen receptors, ERK1\/2, and NFkappaB","volume":"20","author":"Borras","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2100","article-title":"Study on the neuroprotective effects of Genistein on Alzheimer's disease","volume":"11","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/13510002.2022.2031515","article-title":"Chemopreventive and hepatoprotective effects of genistein via inhibition of oxidative stress and the versican\/PDGF\/PKC signaling pathway in experimentally induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats by thioacetamide","volume":"27","author":"El-Far","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2011.01.036","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of genistein on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis rats induced by high fat diet and its potential mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Ji","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v14i11.10","article-title":"Evaluation of cardioprotective effects of genistein against diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats","volume":"14","author":"Tian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trop. J. Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-010-9770-2","article-title":"Anti-angiogenic genistein inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cell activation by decreasing PTK activity and MAPK activation","volume":"29","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.12.3251","article-title":"Genistein modulates immune responses and increases host resistance to B16F10 tumor in adult female B6C3F1 mice","volume":"131","author":"Guo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787050","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1787050","article-title":"Genistein inhibits the replication of enterovirus A71","volume":"17","author":"Huo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70657","article-title":"Genistein in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis: a review","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177273","article-title":"Genistein: a promising ally in combating neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"991","author":"Sharma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200900662","article-title":"Global phosphoproteomic effects of natural tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, on signaling pathways","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)45614-1","article-title":"Genistein, a specific inhibitor of tyrosine-specific protein kinases","volume":"262","author":"Akiyama","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2003.12.018","article-title":"Genistein alters growth factor signaling in transgenic prostate model (TRAMP)","volume":"219","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26146973","article-title":"Daidzein and Genistein: natural phytoestrogens with potential applications in hormone replacement therapy","volume":"26","author":"Intharuksa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3116","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.02900","article-title":"Randomized placebo controlled trial of low-dose tamoxifen to prevent recurrence in breast noninvasive neoplasia: a 10-year follow-up of TAM-01 Study","volume":"41","author":"Lazzeroni","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2014.06.015","article-title":"Postoperative Tamoxifen for ductal carcinoma in situ: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Staley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breast"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199102000-00035","article-title":"Evidence that genistein, a protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibits CD28 monoclonal-antibody-stimulated human T cell proliferation","volume":"51","author":"Atluru","year":"1991","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Yellayi, A. Naaz, M.A. Szewczykowski, T. Sato, J.A. Woods, J. Chang, M. Segre, C.D. Allred, W.G. Helferich, P.S. Cooke, The phytoestrogen genistein induces thymic and immune changes: a human health concern?, Proceedings of the national academy of sciences 99(11) (2002) 7616-7621.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.102650199"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2008.04.003","article-title":"Genistein modulate immune responses in collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis model","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-018-0278-1","article-title":"An introduction to immunology and immunopathology","volume":"14","author":"Marshall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma & Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.M.L. Poon, D.L. Farber, The Whole Body as the System in Systems Immunology, iScience 23(9) (2020) 101509.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101509"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4103\/2321-3868.124771","article-title":"Cytokine regulation of immune tolerance","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5048","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.8.5048","article-title":"Vanden Berghe, a critical role for p53 in the control of NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression in TLR4-stimulated dendritic cells exposed to Genistein","volume":"178","author":"Dijsselbloem","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4183","DOI":"10.1021\/jf011613d","article-title":"Effects of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds on the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha in LPS\/IFN-gamma-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2014.1956","article-title":"Genistein inhibits pro\u2011inflammatory cytokines in human mast cell activation through the inhibition of the ERK pathway","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.09.047","article-title":"Phytoestrogens and phytoestrogen metabolites differentially modulate immune parameters in human leukocytes","volume":"46","author":"Gredel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2005.08.001","article-title":"Modulation of immune response following dietary genistein exposure in F0 and F1 generations of C57BL\/6 mice: evidence of thymic regulation","volume":"44","author":"Guo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2002.9418","article-title":"Genistein modulates splenic natural killer cell activity, antibody-forming cell response, and phenotypic marker expression in F(0) and F(1) generations of Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"181","author":"Guo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00005-7","article-title":"Genistein and methoxychlor modulate the activity of natural killer cells and the expression of phenotypic markers by thymocytes and splenocytes in F0 and F1 generations of Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"172","author":"Guo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200601900410","article-title":"Estrogen receptor agonists and immune system in ovariectomized mice","volume":"19","author":"Garcia-Perez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(96)00489-7","article-title":"Suppression of lectin, alloantigen, and xenoantigen-induced T-cell proliferation by Genistein","volume":"29","author":"Rapaport","year":"1997","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(91)90033-7","article-title":"Genistein, a selective protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibits interleukin-2 and leukotriene B4 production from human mononuclear cells","volume":"59","author":"Atluru","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03402038","article-title":"Early exposure to genistein exerts long-lasting effects on the endocrine and immune systems in rats","volume":"8","author":"Klein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(03)00286-5","article-title":"The immune system of geriatric mice is modulated by estrogenic endocrine disruptors (diethylstilbestrol, alpha-zearalanol, and genistein): effects on interferon-gamma","volume":"194","author":"Calemine","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5068","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41687-z","article-title":"Soy isoflavones and their metabolites modulate cytokine-induced natural killer cell function","volume":"9","author":"Mace","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.52.327","article-title":"Genistein enhances antigen-specific cytokine production in female DO11. 10 transgenic mice","volume":"52","author":"Sakai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0285.2011.01296.x","article-title":"Synthesis of lipophilic genistein derivatives and their regulation of IL-12 and TNF-alpha in activated J774A.1 cells","volume":"79","author":"Castro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Drug Des."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:9:2:207","article-title":"Effect of environmental estrogens on IL-1\u03b2 promoter activity in a macrophage cell line","volume":"9","author":"Ruh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00658.x","article-title":"Genistein reverses diminished t\u2010cell signal transduction, induced by post\u2010menopausal estrogen levels","volume":"61","author":"Parry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8379","DOI":"10.1021\/jf301759s","article-title":"Isoflavones suppress the expression of the FcepsilonRI high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor independent of the estrogen receptor","volume":"60","author":"Yamashita","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0390","first-page":"6200","article-title":"Effects of genistein on the growth and cell cycle progression of normal human lymphocytes and human leukemic MOLT-4 and HL-60 cells","volume":"52","author":"Traganos","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200205-420OC","article-title":"Antiinflammatory effects of genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on a guinea pig model of asthma","volume":"167","author":"Duan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-024-00667-6","article-title":"Salivary gland protective and antiinflammatory effects of genistein in Sjogren's syndrome by inhibiting Xist\/ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis following binding to estrogen receptor-alpha","volume":"29","author":"Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2016.10.004","article-title":"Genistein improves thyroid function in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients through regulating Th1 cytokines","volume":"222","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2011.07.007","article-title":"Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, reduces renal inflammation and injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice","volume":"55","author":"Elmarakby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vascul. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO05730A","article-title":"Genistein alleviates rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting fibroblast-like synovial exosome secretion regulated by the Rab27\/nSMase2\/Mfge8 pathway","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.05.002","article-title":"Genistein down-modulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and reverses clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"8","author":"De Paula","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.52.293","article-title":"Genistein suppresses development of spontaneous atopic-like dermatitis in NC\/Nga mice","volume":"52","author":"Sakai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4556","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO03238G","article-title":"Genistein suppresses allergic contact dermatitis through regulating the MAP2K2\/ERK pathway","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Kumar, K. Singh, K. Duraisamy, A.A. A, J. Ajarem, B. Kwok Chong Chow, Protective Effect of Genistein against Compound 48\/80 Induced Anaphylactoid Shock via Inhibiting MAS Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), Molecules 25(5) (2020).","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25051028"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07163-0","article-title":"Molecular effects of genistein, as a potential anticancer agent, on CXCR-4 and VEGF pathway in acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"49","author":"Shahmoradi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0445","article-title":"Genistein sensitizes human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines to be susceptible to natural killer cells","volume":"11","author":"Chiawpanit","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology (basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-024-03391-1","article-title":"Genistein alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice through modulation of intestinal microbiota and macrophage polarization","volume":"63","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2021.108941","article-title":"Phytoestrogen genistein modulates neuron-microglia signaling in a mouse model of chronic social defeat stress","volume":"206","author":"Fujikawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12986","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c03186","article-title":"Exopolysaccharides from Genistein-stimulated monascus purpureus ameliorate cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal injury via PI3K\/AKT-MAPKs\/NF-kappaB pathways and regulation of gut microbiota","volume":"71","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.07.013","article-title":"In utero exposure to genistein decreased intranasal house dust mite-induced respiratory allergy in middle-aged male B6C3F1 offspring","volume":"333","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2019.1697197","article-title":"Effects of genistein on lipopolysaccharide-induced injury of mouse alveolar epithelial cells and its mechanism","volume":"84","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2442526","article-title":"Maternal probiotic exposure enhances CD8 T cell protective neonatal immunity and modulates offspring metabolome to control influenza virus infection","volume":"17","author":"Valentin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02064-22","article-title":"Genistein targets STING-driven antiviral responses","volume":"13","author":"Ullah","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(03)00415-5","article-title":"Genistein reduces NF-kappa B in T lymphoma cells via a caspase-mediated cleavage of I kappa B alpha","volume":"66","author":"Baxa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5199","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7531365","article-title":"Biotherapy of B-cell precursor leukemia by targeting genistein to CD19-associated tyrosine kinases","volume":"267","author":"Uckun","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0495","first-page":"1361","article-title":"Genistein sensitizes diffuse large cell lymphoma to CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) chemotherapy","volume":"2","author":"Mohammad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327914NC422_15","article-title":"Genistein-induced apoptosis of p815 mastocytoma cells is mediated by Bax and augmented by a proteasome inhibitor, lactacystin","volume":"42","author":"Park","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136440","article-title":"Effects of the Alkylating Agent Cyclophosphamide in Potentiating Anti-Tumor Immunity","volume":"26","author":"Gephart","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.117876","article-title":"Polysaccharides in natural products that repair the damage to intestinal mucosa caused by cyclophosphamide and their mechanisms: a review","volume":"261","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2009.146","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide and cancer: golden anniversary","volume":"6","author":"Emadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.06.006","article-title":"The changes induced by cyclophosphamide in intestinal barrier and microflora in mice","volume":"714","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0525","first-page":"1919","article-title":"Effects of imipenem combined with low-dose cyclophosphamide on the intestinal barrier in septic rats","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO03621A","article-title":"Role of genistein on the yield, structure and immunomodulatory activity of Monascus exopolysaccharides","volume":"13","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.045","article-title":"Immunomodulation effect of polysaccharides from liquid fermentation of Monascus purpureus 40269 via membrane TLR-4 to activate the MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways","volume":"201","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel065","article-title":"Synovial fibroblasts: key players in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"45","author":"Huber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-011-9365-x","article-title":"Genistein inhibit cytokines or growth factor-induced proliferation and transformation phenotype in fibroblast-like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1336490","article-title":"Genistein is effective in inhibiting Orf virus infection in vitro by targeting viral RNA polymerase subunit RPO30 protein","volume":"15","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v11060499","article-title":"Genistein has Antiviral activity against Herpes B Virus and Acts Synergistically with Antiviral Treatments to Reduce Effective Dose","volume":"11","author":"LeCher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.06.014","article-title":"Genistein inhibits african swine fever virus replication in vitro by disrupting viral DNA synthesis","volume":"156","author":"Arabyan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"issue":"6121","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232458","article-title":"Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway","volume":"339","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6253","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab3632","article-title":"Viruses transfer the antiviral second messenger cGAMP between cells","volume":"349","author":"Bridgeman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03187-19","article-title":"Connexin-Dependent transfer of cGAMP to Phagocytes Modulates Antiviral responses","volume":"11","author":"Pepin","year":"2020","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0580","first-page":"138","article-title":"Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions during the perioperative period","volume":"15","author":"Lagopoulos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4871","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0389","article-title":"Neonatal exposure to the phytoestrogen genistein alters mammary gland growth and developmental programming of hormone receptor levels","volume":"147","author":"Padilla-Banks","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2017.09.014","article-title":"Preconception exposure to dietary levels of genistein affects female reproductive outcomes","volume":"74","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2025.2469607","article-title":"Mechanism of action of genistein on breast cancer and differential effects of different age stages","volume":"63","author":"Xiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480206800612","article-title":"Genistein inhibits tamoxifen effects on cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest in T47D breast cancer cells","volume":"68","author":"Jones","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-22-0191","article-title":"Genistein induces endocrine resistance in human breast cancer by suppressing H3K27 trimethylation","volume":"30","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0610","first-page":"2474","article-title":"Dietary genistein negates the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen on growth of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells implanted in athymic mice","volume":"62","author":"Ju","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.20300","article-title":"Genistein sensitizes inhibitory effect of tamoxifen on the growth of estrogen receptor-positive and HER2-overexpressing human breast cancer cells","volume":"46","author":"Mai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020733","article-title":"Soy isoflavone genistein enhances tamoxifen sensitivity in breast cancer via microrna and glucose metabolism modulation","volume":"26","author":"Shpigel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11873","article-title":"Antiangiogenic activity of genistein in pancreatic carcinoma cells is mediated by the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and the down-regulation of VEGF gene expression","volume":"100","author":"Buchler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1080\/01635580802100851","article-title":"Inhibition of cell growth and VEGF expression in ovarian cancer cells by flavonoids","volume":"60","author":"Luo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03192335","article-title":"Absolute bioavailability of [14C] genistein in the ratplasma pharmacokinetics of parent compound, genistein glucuronide and total radioactivity","volume":"27","author":"Coldham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.2174\/187152012803833107","article-title":"Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of genistein: mechanistic studies on its ADME","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anticancer Agents Med Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2010.03.011","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of genistein and its four phase II metabolites in blood by a sensitive and robust UPLC-MS\/MS method: Application to an oral bioavailability study of genistein in mice","volume":"53","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.4.1362S","article-title":"Bioavailability of pure isoflavones in healthy humans and analysis of commercial soy isoflavone supplements","volume":"131","author":"Setchell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s13659-023-00397-w","article-title":"Optimized solubility and bioavailability of genistein based on cocrystal engineering","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Bioprospect."},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7795","DOI":"10.1021\/jp302678y","article-title":"Solubilization of genistein in poly(oxyethylene) through eutectic crystal melting","volume":"116","author":"Buddhiranon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.30.4.370","article-title":"Absorption and metabolism of flavonoids in the caco-2 cell culture model and a perused rat intestinal model","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7949","DOI":"10.1021\/jf204755g","article-title":"Effects of estrogen and estrus cycle on pharmacokinetics, absorption, and disposition of genistein in female Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"60","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.111.043901","article-title":"Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) determines distribution of genistein phase II metabolites: reevaluation of the roles of ABCG2 in the disposition of genistein","volume":"40","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0680","first-page":"847","article-title":"Plasma pharmacokinetics of genistein in mice","volume":"7","author":"Supko","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250599","article-title":"Genistein as a dietary supplement formulation, analysis and pharmacokinetics study","volume":"16","author":"Mamagkaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TB02804E","article-title":"Improving the genistein oral bioavailability via its formulation into the metal-organic framework MIL-100(Fe)","volume":"9","author":"Botet-Carreras","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0695","article-title":"Formulation and optimization of transferrin-modified genistein nanocrystals: In vitro anti-cancer assessment and pharmacokinetic evaluation","volume":"667","author":"Iqbal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10455","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S479438","article-title":"Bio-inspired nanodelivery platform: platelet membrane-cloaked genistein nanosystem for targeted lung cancer therapy","volume":"19","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024_b0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2016.05.002","article-title":"A phase I dose escalation trial of AXP107-11, a novel multi-component crystalline form of genistein, in combination with gemcitabine in chemotherapy-naive patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer","volume":"16","author":"Lohr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pancreatology"}],"container-title":["Biochemical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006295226003576?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006295226003576?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T00:34:28Z","timestamp":1792888468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006295226003576"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":141,"alternative-id":["S0006295226003576"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-2952"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-2952","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Genistein and the immune system: experimental evidence, key challenges, and future perspectives","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biochemical Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118024"}}