{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:07:22Z","timestamp":1789495642352,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biochemical Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T23:26:49Z","timestamp":1786404409000},"page":"118343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["Establishing causality for protein lactylation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: site validation, evidence standards, and experimental priorities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"253","author":[{"given":"Sajid","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Ayaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6864-2366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wajid","family":"Zaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.70096","article-title":"Co-pathologies and biological processes beyond amyloid-beta and tau in people with Alzheimer's disease: evidence from clinical cohort studies","volume":"299","author":"Ferreira","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1202753","article-title":"Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer, Clinical and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease","volume":"367","author":"Bateman","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"Contributors, NIA-AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2635903100","article-title":"Functional brain abnormalities in young adults at genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer's dementia","volume":"101","author":"Reiman","year":"2004","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1427.007","article-title":"Brain glucose hypometabolism and oxidative stress in preclinical Alzheimer's disease","volume":"1147","author":"Mosconi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17763","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010461107","article-title":"Spatial correlation between brain aerobic glycolysis and amyloid-beta (Abeta) deposition","volume":"107","author":"Vlassenko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10625","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.22.10625","article-title":"Glutamate uptake into astrocytes stimulates aerobic glycolysis: a mechanism coupling neuronal activity to glucose utilization","volume":"91","author":"Pellerin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.018","article-title":"Astrocyte-neuron lactate transport is required for long-term memory formation","volume":"144","author":"Suzuki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028427","article-title":"Lactate produced by glycogenolysis in astrocytes regulates memory processing","volume":"6","author":"Newman","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02651-z","article-title":"Knockdown of astrocytic monocarboxylate transporter 4 in the motor cortex leads to loss of dendritic spines and a deficit in motor learning","volume":"59","author":"Lundquist","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.10.010","article-title":"Vivo evidence for a lactate gradient from astrocytes to neurons","volume":"23","author":"Machler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24387","article-title":"Does shuttling of glycogen-derived lactate from astrocytes to neurons take place during neurotransmission and memory consolidation?","volume":"97","author":"Dienel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30096","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.48.30096","article-title":"Comparison of lactate transport in astroglial cells and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT 1) expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes. Expression of two different monocarboxylate transporters in astroglial cells and neurons","volume":"272","author":"Broer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000600","article-title":"A novel postsynaptic density protein: the monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 is co-localized with delta-glutamate receptors in postsynaptic densities of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses","volume":"136","author":"Bergersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03168.x","article-title":"Monocarboxylate transporters in the central nervous system: distribution, regulation and function","volume":"94","author":"Pierre","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20307","article-title":"Cellular and subcellular distribution of monocarboxylate transporters in cultured brain cells and in the adult brain","volume":"79","author":"Pellerin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"7779","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1678-1","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of gene expression by histone lactylation","volume":"574","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.O. Gaffney, E.Q. Jennings, C.C. Anderson, J.O. Marentette, T. Shi, A.M. Schou Oxvig, M.D. Streeter, M. Johannsen, D.A. Spiegel, E. Chapman, J.R. Roede, J.J. Galligan, Non-enzymatic Lysine Lactoylation of Glycolytic Enzymes, Cell Chem Biol 27(2) (2020) 206-213 e6.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2019.11.005"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abi6696","article-title":"Class I histone deacetylases (HDAC1-3) are histone lysine delactylases","volume":"8","author":"Moreno-Yruela","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Liu, X. Ren, Y.E. Park, H. Feng, X. Sheng, X. Song, R. AminiTabrizi, H. Shah, L. Li, Y. Zhang, K.G. Abdullah, S. Dubois-Coyne, H. Lin, P.A. Cole, R.J. DeBerardinis, S.K. McBrayer, H. Huang, Y. Zhao, Nuclear GTPSCS functions as a lactyl-CoA synthetase to promote histone lactylation and gliomagenesis, Cell Metab 37(2) (2025) 377-394 e9.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.11.005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Zhu, X. Ye, X. Lu, L. Xiao, M. Yuan, H. Zhao, D. Guo, Y. Meng, H. Han, S. Luo, Q. Wu, X. Jiang, J. Xu, Z. Tang, Y.J. Tao, Z. Lu, ACSS2 acts as a lactyl-CoA synthetase and couples KAT2A to function as a lactyltransferase for histone lactylation and tumor immune evasion, Cell Metab 37(2) (2025) 361-376 e7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.10.015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.Y. Pan, L. He, J. Zhang, X. Liu, Y. Liao, J. Gao, Y. Liao, Y. Yan, Q. Li, X. Zhou, J. Cheng, Q. Xing, F. Guan, J. Zhang, L. Sun, Z. Yuan, Positive feedback regulation of microglial glucose metabolism by histone H4 lysine 12 lactylation in Alzheimer's disease, Cell Metab 34(4) (2022) 634-648 e6.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.02.013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02879-7","article-title":"H3K18 lactylation of senescent microglia potentiates brain aging and Alzheimer's disease through the NFkappaB signaling pathway","volume":"20","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14481","article-title":"Lactylation of tau in human Alzheimer's disease brains","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI184656","article-title":"APP lysine 612 lactylation ameliorates amyloid pathology and memory decline in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"135","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"Pt 1W","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0130","article-title":"Decoding lactate signals in Alzheimer's disease: redox control, receptor pharmacology, lactylation chemistry, and neuroglial vulnerability","volume":"253","author":"Zaman","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0135","first-page":"1","article-title":"From lactate to lactylation: novel pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for high-altitude cerebral edema","author":"Duan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0140","article-title":"Lactylation-Driven YTHDC1 Alleviates MASLD by Suppressing PTPN22-Mediated Dephosphorylation of NLRP3","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1651923","article-title":"Lactylation: the metabolic-immune hub in autoimmune diseases","volume":"16","author":"Xia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-025-01259-0","article-title":"The emerging role of protein L-lactylation in metabolic regulation and cell signalling","volume":"7","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0155","article-title":"Targeting Lactate and Lactylation in Cancer Metabolism and Immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Gong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-024-01680-8","article-title":"Lysine L-lactylation is the dominant lactylation isomer induced by glycolysis","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M111.016568","article-title":"Absolute quantitation of isoforms of post-translationally modified proteins in transgenic organism","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteomics"},{"issue":"7761","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1195-2","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"570","author":"Mathys","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0539-4","article-title":"A single-cell atlas of entorhinal cortex from individuals with Alzheimer's disease reveals cell-type-specific gene expression regulation","volume":"22","author":"Grubman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19737-2","article-title":"Single cell RNA sequencing of human microglia uncovers a subset associated with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"11","author":"Olah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-021-02263-w","article-title":"Distinct amyloid-beta and tau-associated microglia profiles in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"141","author":"Gerrits","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0190","article-title":"Multiscale approximations to understand the complex role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"63","author":"De Santis","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7147","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27414-1","article-title":"Molecular basis for redox control by the human cystine\/glutamate antiporter system xc\u2212","volume":"12","author":"Parker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2025.08.048","article-title":"Lactate lactylation in neural pathophysiology: Bridging metabolism and neurodegeneration","volume":"585","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2026.1790090","article-title":"Protein lactylation in Alzheimer's disease: bridging metabolism, pathology, and therapeutic opportunity","volume":"18","author":"Cao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2026.115663","article-title":"Role of glycolysis-mediated histone lactylation in microglial activation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"399","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.09.021","article-title":"The effect of tau K677 lactylation on ferritinophagy and ferroptosis in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"224","author":"An","year":"2024","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0225","first-page":"1850","article-title":"Glucose metabolism, lactate, lactylation and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Hai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2026.106493","article-title":"Targeting AARS1-dependent lactylation improves neuronal process plasticity and mitigates cognitive deficits in sepsis-associated encephalopathy","volume":"135","author":"Luo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Keren-Shaul, A. Spinrad, A. Weiner, O. Matcovitch-Natan, R. Dvir-Szternfeld, T.K. Ulland, E. David, K. Baruch, D. Lara-Astaiso, B. Toth, S. Itzkovitz, M. Colonna, M. Schwartz, I. Amit, A Unique Microglia Type Associated with Restricting Development of Alzheimer's Disease, Cell 169(7) (2017) 1276-1290 e17.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Krasemann, C. Madore, R. Cialic, C. Baufeld, N. Calcagno, R. El Fatimy, L. Beckers, E. O'Loughlin, Y. Xu, Z. Fanek, D.J. Greco, S.T. Smith, G. Tweet, Z. Humulock, T. Zrzavy, P. Conde-Sanroman, M. Gacias, Z. Weng, H. Chen, E. Tjon, F. Mazaheri, K. Hartmann, A. Madi, J.D. Ulrich, M. Glatzel, A. Worthmann, J. Heeren, B. Budnik, C. Lemere, T. Ikezu, F.L. Heppner, V. Litvak, D.M. Holtzman, H. Lassmann, H.L. Weiner, J. Ochando, C. Haass, O. Butovsky, The TREM2-APOE Pathway Drives the Transcriptional Phenotype of Dysfunctional Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Immunity 47(3) (2017) 566-581 e9.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.08.008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.R. Hammond, C. Dufort, L. Dissing-Olesen, S. Giera, A. Young, A. Wysoker, A.J. Walker, F. Gergits, M. Segel, J. Nemesh, S.E. Marsh, A. Saunders, E. Macosko, F. Ginhoux, J. Chen, R.J.M. Franklin, X. Piao, S.A. McCarroll, B. Stevens, Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Microglia throughout the Mouse Lifespan and in the Injured Brain Reveals Complex Cell-State Changes, Immunity 50(1) (2019) 253-271 e6.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.11.004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Sala Frigerio, L. Wolfs, N. Fattorelli, N. Thrupp, I. Voytyuk, I. Schmidt, R. Mancuso, W.T. Chen, M.E. Woodbury, G. Srivastava, T. Moller, E. Hudry, S. Das, T. Saido, E. Karran, B. Hyman, V.H. Perry, M. Fiers, B. De Strooper, The Major Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease: Age, Sex, and Genes Modulate the Microglia Response to Abeta Plaques, Cell Rep 27(4) (2019) 1293-1306 e6.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.03.099"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2026.1779468","article-title":"From metabolic substrate to epigenetic regulation: roles and mechanisms of lactylation in brain health and disease","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2025.167749","article-title":"The impact of lactate on diabetic cognitive dysfunction: Insights from energy metabolism to epigenetic modulation","volume":"1871","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. basis Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02879-7","article-title":"H3K18 lactylation of senescent microglia potentiates brain aging and Alzheimer's disease through the NF\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"20","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37807","article-title":"Developing diagnostic biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease based on histone lactylation-related gene","volume":"10","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12990","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232112990","article-title":"Microglia and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"23","author":"Merighi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03432-4","article-title":"Analysis and interpretation of inflammatory fluid markers in Alzheimer's disease: a roadmap for standardization","volume":"22","author":"Bettcher","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"6286","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad8373","article-title":"Complement and microglia mediate early synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models","volume":"352","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13029","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1698-15.2015","article-title":"Complement C3-deficient mice fail to display age-related hippocampal decline","volume":"35","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00281-1","article-title":"Complement C1q-dependent excitatory and inhibitory synapse elimination by astrocytes and microglia in Alzheimer's disease mouse models","volume":"2","author":"Dejanovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4132","article-title":"Depletion of microglia and inhibition of exosome synthesis halt tau propagation","volume":"18","author":"Asai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01456-w","article-title":"Microglial activation and tau propagate jointly across Braak stages","volume":"27","author":"Pascoal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"7638","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21029","article-title":"Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia","volume":"541","author":"Liddelow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0624-8","article-title":"Disease-associated astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease and aging","volume":"23","author":"Habib","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4888","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5430-07.2008","article-title":"Inhibition of monocarboxylate transporter 2 in the retrotrapezoid nucleus in rats: a test of the astrocyte-neuron lactate-shuttle hypothesis","volume":"28","author":"Erlichman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.K. Ulland, W.M. Song, S.C. Huang, J.D. Ulrich, A. Sergushichev, W.L. Beatty, A.A. Loboda, Y. Zhou, N.J. Cairns, A. Kambal, E. Loginicheva, S. Gilfillan, M. Cella, H.W. Virgin, E.R. Unanue, Y. Wang, M.N. Artyomov, D.M. Holtzman, M. Colonna, TREM2 Maintains Microglial Metabolic Fitness in Alzheimer's Disease, Cell 170(4) (2017) 649-663 e13.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.07.023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.H. Baik, S. Kang, W. Lee, H. Choi, S. Chung, J.I. Kim, I. Mook-Jung, A Breakdown in Metabolic Reprogramming Causes Microglia Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease, Cell Metab 30(3) (2019) 493-507 e6.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.06.005"},{"issue":"7399","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11087","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E controls cerebrovascular integrity via cyclophilin A","volume":"485","author":"Bell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7806","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2247-3","article-title":"APOE4 leads to blood-brain barrier dysfunction predicting cognitive decline","volume":"581","author":"Montagne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3114","article-title":"Neurovascular pathways to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and other disorders","volume":"12","author":"Zlokovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.48","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow regulation and neurovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer disease","volume":"18","author":"Kisler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0355","article-title":"Impact of Tau on Neurovascular Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"11","author":"Canepa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-024-00719-8","article-title":"SEA-AD is a multimodal cellular atlas and resource for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"4","author":"Hawrylycz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.05.008","article-title":"APOE4 causes widespread molecular and cellular alterations associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease phenotypes in human iPSC-derived brain cell types","volume":"98","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00566-4","article-title":"APOE in the bullseye of neurodegenerative diseases: impact of the APOE genotype in Alzheimer's disease pathology and brain diseases","volume":"17","author":"Fernandez-Calle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.09.001","article-title":"Directly reprogrammed human neurons retain aging-associated transcriptomic signatures and reveal age-related nucleocytoplasmic defects","volume":"17","author":"Mertens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2013.11.006","article-title":"Human iPSC-based modeling of late-onset disease via progerin-induced aging","volume":"13","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. Wang, X. Jiang, S. Zhang, A. Zhu, Y. Yuan, H. Xu, J. Lei, C. Yan, Structural basis of human monocarboxylate transporter 1 inhibition by anti-cancer drug candidates, Cell 184(2) (2021) 370-383 e13.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.11.043"}],"container-title":["Biochemical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006295226006829?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006295226006829?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T20:18:15Z","timestamp":1788812295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006295226006829"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["S0006295226006829"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-2952"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-2952","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Establishing causality for protein lactylation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: site validation, evidence standards, and experimental priorities","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biochemical Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2026.118343","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118343"}}