{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:29:22Z","timestamp":1790116162937,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,13]],"date-time":"2006-06-13T11:22:33Z","timestamp":1150197753000},"page":"167-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Diagnosis of hyperandrogenism: clinical criteria"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Bulent O.","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031122","article-title":"Androgen excess in women: experience with over 1000 consecutive patients","volume":"89","author":"Azziz","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1457","article-title":"Relative prevalence of different androgen excess disorders in 950 women referred because of clinical hyperandrogenism","volume":"91","author":"Carmina","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041536","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"352","author":"Ehrmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"9046","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07252-2","article-title":"Hirsutism","volume":"349","author":"Rittmaster","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib5","first-page":"347","article-title":"Idiopathic hirsutism","volume":"21","author":"Azziz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91779-A","article-title":"Does ethnicity influence the prevalence of adrenal hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome?","volume":"167","author":"Carmina","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(64)92789-8","article-title":"The prevalence of \u2018hirsutism\u2019 in young women","volume":"41","author":"McKnight","year":"1964","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib8","first-page":"3078","article-title":"Prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the southeastern United States: a prospective study","volume":"83","author":"Knochenhauer","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02535.x","article-title":"A prospective study of the prevalence of clear-cut endocrine disorders and polycystic ovaries in 350 patients presenting with hirsutism or androgenic alopecia","volume":"41","author":"O'Driscoll","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"issue":"809","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.69.809.186","article-title":"Quality of life of hirsute women","volume":"69","author":"Sonino","year":"1993","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medical Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib11","first-page":"59","article-title":"Androgen physiology and the cutaneous pilosebaceous unit","volume":"3","author":"Mercurio","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Gender-Specific Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib12","first-page":"209","article-title":"Hirsutism, race and testosterone levels: comparison of east Asians and Euroamericans","volume":"50","author":"Ewing","year":"1978","journal-title":"Human Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1991.tb24384.x","article-title":"Quantitative models for the study of hair growth in vivo","volume":"642","author":"Uno","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02483.x","article-title":"Androgens and human hair growth","volume":"40","author":"Randall","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.100","article-title":"Hypertrichosis","volume":"48","author":"Wendelin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200203090-00004","article-title":"Causes and management of hypertrichosis","volume":"3","author":"Trueb","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-21-11-1440","article-title":"Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women","volume":"21","author":"Ferriman","year":"1961","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(81)90746-8","article-title":"Hirsutism: implications, etiology, and management","volume":"140","author":"Hatch","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"supplement 1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.01.023","article-title":"An update on the pathogenesis and management of acne vulgaris","volume":"51","author":"Harper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"supplement 4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib20","first-page":"3","article-title":"Psychosocial effects of acne","volume":"8","author":"Thomas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200203080-00007","article-title":"Acne: effect of hormones on pathogenesis and management","volume":"3","author":"Shaw","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1969.4","article-title":"Sebaceous gland response in man to the administration of testosterone, delta-4-androstenedione, and dehydroisoandrosterone","volume":"52","author":"Pochi","year":"1969","journal-title":"The Journal of Investigative Dermatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1992.01680200055006","article-title":"Sebaceous gland activity and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in boys and girls","volume":"128","author":"Stewart","year":"1992","journal-title":"Archives of Dermatological"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198304283081701","article-title":"Androgen excess in cystic acne","volume":"308","author":"Marynick","year":"1983","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550410023248","article-title":"Correlation between endocrinological parameters and acne severity in adult women","volume":"84","author":"Borgia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Dermato-Venereologica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib26","first-page":"524","article-title":"The androgen control of sebum production. Studies of subjects with dihydrotestosterone deficiency and complete androgen insensitivity","volume":"76","author":"Imperato-McGinley","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib27","first-page":"101","article-title":"Acne vulgaris, I: pathogenesis and diagnosis","volume":"70","author":"Oberemok","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.008","article-title":"The assessment of acne: an evaluation of grading and lesion counting in the measurement of acne","volume":"22","author":"Witkowski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)80076-X","article-title":"Report of the consensus conference on acne classification, Washington, D.C., March 24 and 25, 1990","volume":"24","author":"Pochi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01701-0","article-title":"Hyperandrogenemia in patients presenting with acne","volume":"75","author":"Slayden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib31","first-page":"357","article-title":"Male pattern alopecia and\/or androgenic hirsutism in females. 3. Definition and etiology","volume":"27","author":"Kuhn","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Women's Association"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.1.1999.8.1091","article-title":"Patient-perceived importance of negative effects of androgenetic alopecia in women","volume":"8","author":"Girman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70413-7","article-title":"Clinical updates in hair","volume":"15","author":"Sawaya","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dermatologic Clinics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1977.tb15179.x","article-title":"Classification of the types of androgenetic alopecia (common baldness) occurring in the female sex","volume":"97","author":"Ludwig","year":"1977","journal-title":"The British Journal of Dermatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.11.073","article-title":"Pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia","volume":"50","author":"Rebora","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib36","first-page":"465","article-title":"Guidelines of care for androgenetic alopecia. American academy of dermatology","volume":"35","author":"Drake","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)70241-8","article-title":"The prevalence of hyperandrogenism in 109 consecutive female patients with diffuse alopecia","volume":"19","author":"Futterweit","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1490439","article-title":"Prevalence of polycystic ovaries in women with androgenic alopecia","volume":"149","author":"Cela","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib39","first-page":"105","article-title":"Hirsutism and virilization. A systematic approach to benign and potentially serious causes","volume":"97","author":"Marshburn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib40","first-page":"562","article-title":"The clitoral index: a bioassay of androgenic stimulation","volume":"54","author":"Tagatz","year":"1979","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6934(04)00106-3","article-title":"Current recommendations for the diagnostic evaluation and follow-up of patients presenting with symptomatic polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Fraser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Best Practice and Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology"}],"container-title":["Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X06000212?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X06000212?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:35:59Z","timestamp":1761496559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521690X06000212"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521690X06000212"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-690X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-690X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diagnosis of hyperandrogenism: clinical criteria","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}