{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T07:33:07Z","timestamp":1792135987592,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,6]],"date-time":"2007-12-06T18:16:17Z","timestamp":1196964977000},"page":"607-619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Modulation of glucocorticoid action and the treatment of type-2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jeremy W.","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.33.6.1364","article-title":"Cortisol effects on body mass, blood pressure, and cholesterol in the general population","volume":"33","author":"Fraser","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90339-9","article-title":"Functional domains of the human glucocorticoid receptor","volume":"46","author":"Giguere","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/318635a0","article-title":"Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA","volume":"318","author":"Hollenberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9550","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.16.9550","article-title":"The human glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform. Expression, biochemical properties, and putative function","volume":"271","author":"Oakley","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1996.tb16231.x","article-title":"Control of transcription by steroid hormones","volume":"784","author":"Beato","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(89)90521-9","article-title":"DNA regulatory elements for steroid hormones","volume":"32","author":"Beato","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Steroid Biochemistry"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8903","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.23.8903","article-title":"Glucocorticoid inhibition of transcription from episomal proopiomelanocortin gene promoter","volume":"83","author":"Charron","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14620","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.23.14620","article-title":"RAP46 is a negative regulator of glucocorticoid receptor action and hormone-induced apoptosis","volume":"273","author":"Kullmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib9","first-page":"135","article-title":"11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess","volume":"18","author":"White","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0031","article-title":"11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: a tissue-specific regulator of glucocorticoid response","volume":"25","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-4-12-1827","article-title":"Expression of 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase using recombinant vaccinia virus","volume":"4","author":"Agarwal","year":"1990","journal-title":"Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6546","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M512635200","article-title":"Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase knockout mice lack 11beta -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1-mediated glucocorticoid generation","volume":"281","author":"Lavery","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.1.01718","article-title":"Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase confers oxo-reductase activity upon 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1","volume":"34","author":"Bujalska","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Endocrinology"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14924","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.26.14924","article-title":"11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 knockout mice show attenuated glucocorticoid-inducible responses and resist hyperglycemia on obesity or stress","volume":"94","author":"Kotelevtsev","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17845","article-title":"Transgenic amplification of glucocorticoid action in adipose tissue causes high blood pressure in mice","volume":"112","author":"Masuzaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"5549","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1066285","article-title":"A transgenic model of visceral obesity and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"294","author":"Masuzaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.4.1023","article-title":"Adipocyte-specific glucocorticoid inactivation protects against diet-induced obesity","volume":"54","author":"Kershaw","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7088","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305524101","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome without obesity: Hepatic overexpression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in transgenic mice","volume":"101","author":"Paterson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.2.7297","article-title":"Understanding the role of glucocorticoids in obesity: tissue-specific alterations of corticosterone metabolism in obese Zucker rats","volume":"141","author":"Livingstone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1674","article-title":"Down-regulation of adipose 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 by high-fat feeding in mice: a potential adaptive mechanism counteracting metabolic disease","volume":"145","author":"Morton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2000.00975.x","article-title":"Lack of relationship between 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase setpoint and insulin sensitivity in the basal state and after 24h of insulin infusion in healthy subjects and type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"52","author":"Kerstens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4755","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032240","article-title":"11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in lean and obese males with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"89","author":"Valsamakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.3.872","article-title":"Increased in vivo regeneration of cortisol in adipose tissue in human obesity and effects of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor carbenoxolone","volume":"54","author":"Sandeep","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5630","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020687","article-title":"Expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in adipose tissue is not increased in human obesity","volume":"87","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.3.7453","article-title":"Tissue-specific dysregulation of cortisol metabolism in human obesity","volume":"86","author":"Rask","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib26","first-page":"3330","article-title":"Tissue-specific changes in peripheral cortisol metabolism in obese women: increased adipose 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity","volume":"87","author":"Rask","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3983","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030286","article-title":"Local and systemic impact of transcriptional up-regulation of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in adipose tissue in human obesity","volume":"88","author":"Wake","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib28","first-page":"2701","article-title":"Expression of the mRNA Coding for 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in adipose tissue from obese patients: an in situ hybridization study","volume":"87","author":"Paulmyer-Lacroix","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4924","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030596","article-title":"Body fat distribution and cortisol metabolism in healthy men: enhanced 5beta-reductase and lower cortisol\/cortisone metabolite ratios in men with fatty liver","volume":"88","author":"Westerbacka","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-030017","article-title":"Subcutaneous adipose 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity and messenger ribonucleic Acid levels are associated with adiposity and insulinemia in Pima Indians and Caucasians","volume":"88","author":"Lindsay","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0153","article-title":"Overexpression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 in adipose tissue is associated with acquired obesity and features of insulin resistance: studies in young adult monozygotic twins","volume":"89","author":"Kannisto","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1063","article-title":"Reduced adipose glucocorticoid reactivation and increased hepatic glucocorticoid clearance as an early adaptation to high-fat feeding in Wistar rats","volume":"146","author":"Drake","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"August 26","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)11222-8","article-title":"Does central obesity reflect \u2018Cushing's disease of the omentum'?","volume":"349","author":"Bujalska","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib34","first-page":"277","article-title":"Distinguishing the activities of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in vivo using isotopically labeled cortisol","volume":"87","author":"Andrew","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.8.2051","article-title":"Splanchnic cortisol production occurs in humans: evidence for conversion of cortisone to cortisol via the 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-hsd) type 1 pathway","volume":"53","author":"Basu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.5.1364","article-title":"The contribution of visceral adipose tissue to splanchnic cortisol production in healthy humans","volume":"54","author":"Andrew","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3919","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2390","article-title":"Obesity and type 2 diabetes do not alter splanchnic cortisol production in humans","volume":"90","author":"Basu","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(94)90309-3","article-title":"11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mediates reductive metabolism of xenobiotic carbonyl compounds","volume":"47","author":"Maser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357001774273","article-title":"Reduction of the potential anticancer drug oracin in the rat liver in-vitro","volume":"52","author":"Szotakova","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2797(00)00236-2","article-title":"Novel enzymological profiles of human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1","volume":"130\u2013132","author":"Hult","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chemico-Biological Interactions"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(99)00192-4","article-title":"Molecular and structural aspects of xenobiotic carbonyl metabolizing enzymes. Role of reductases and dehydrogenases in xenobiotic phase I reactions","volume":"144","author":"Oppermann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2797(02)00183-7","article-title":"11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: tissue-specific expression and reductive metabolism of some anti-insect agent azole analogues of metyrapone","volume":"143-144","author":"Bannenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chemico-Biological Interactions"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib43","first-page":"2996","article-title":"11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase responsible for carbonyl reduction of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in mouse lung microsomes","volume":"58","author":"Maser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2797(00)00306-9","article-title":"Expression and NNK reducing activities of carbonyl reductase and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in human lung","volume":"130\u2013132","author":"Finckh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chemico-Biological Interactions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(08)60447-1","article-title":"11b-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase","volume":"47","author":"Monder","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vitamins and Hormones"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib46","first-page":"3155","article-title":"Carbenoxolone increases hepatic insulin sensitivity in man: a novel role for 11-oxosteroid reductase in enhancing glucocorticoid receptor activation","volume":"80","author":"Walker","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021194","article-title":"Effects of the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor carbenoxolone on insulin sensitivity in men with type 2 diabetes","volume":"88","author":"Andrews","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2325","article-title":"Inhibition of 11{beta}-HSD1 activity in vivo limits glucocorticoid exposure to human adipose tissue and decreases lipolysis","volume":"92","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib49","first-page":"811","article-title":"Effect of chenodeoxycholic acid on 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in various target tissues","volume":"53","author":"Morris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1211\/002235703765951429","article-title":"Effects of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives on hepatic and renal 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities in rats","volume":"55","author":"Shimoyama","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)01515-4","article-title":"Selective inhibition of human type 1 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by synthetic steroids and xenobiotics","volume":"441","author":"Hult","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEBS Letters"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2003.09.027","article-title":"A rapid screening assay for inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11beta-HSD): flavanone selectively inhibits 11beta-HSD1 reductase activity","volume":"212","author":"Schweizer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3813","DOI":"10.1021\/jm025530f","article-title":"Arylsulfonamidothiazoles as a new class of potential antidiabetic drugs. Discovery of potent and selective inhibitors of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1","volume":"45","author":"Barf","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16721","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404719101","article-title":"Compound library development guided by protein structure similarity clustering and natural product structure","volume":"101","author":"Koch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1420200","article-title":"In the search for specific inhibitors of human 11beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenases (11beta-HSDs): chenodeoxycholic acid selectively inhibits 11beta-HSD-I","volume":"142","author":"Diederich","year":"2000","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-002-0959-6","article-title":"Selective inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 decreases blood glucose concentrations in hyperglycaemic mice","volume":"45","author":"Alberts","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4755","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0344","article-title":"Selective inhibition of 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type\u00a01 improves hepatic insulin sensitivity in hyperglycemic mice strains","volume":"144","author":"Alberts","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050119","article-title":"11beta-HSD1 inhibition ameliorates metabolic syndrome and prevents progression of atherosclerosis in mice","volume":"202","author":"Hermanowski-Vosatka","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1199","article-title":"Depot-specific modulation of rat intraabdominal adipose tissue lipid metabolism by pharmacological inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1","volume":"148","author":"Berthiaume","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34841","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C000600200","article-title":"Type 1 11beta -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mediates glucocorticoid activation and insulin release in pancreatic islets","volume":"275","author":"Davani","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.2007.S51","article-title":"Aged transgenic mice with increased glucocorticoid sensitivity in pancreatic beta-cells develop diabetes","volume":"53","author":"Davani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1214","article-title":"Mutations in the genes encoding 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase interact to cause cortisone reductase deficiency","volume":"34","author":"Draper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2004.06.065","article-title":"Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase determines the reaction direction of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 as an oxoreductase","volume":"571","author":"Atanasov","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEBS Letters"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27017","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M404159200","article-title":"Cooperativity between 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum","volume":"279","author":"Banhegyi","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-17903","article-title":"Co-administration of etomoxir and RU-486 mitigates insulin resistance in hepatic and muscular tissues of STZ-induced diabetic rats","volume":"33","author":"Bitar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hormone and Metabolic Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800479","article-title":"RU-486 (Mifepristone) ameliorates diabetes but does not correct deficient beta-adrenergic signalling in adipocytes from mature C57BL\/6J-ob\/ob mice","volume":"21","author":"Gettys","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2005.01.030","article-title":"Antisense oligonucleotides targeted against glucocorticoid receptor reduce hepatic glucose production and ameliorate hyperglycemia in diabetic mice","volume":"54","author":"Liang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4213","DOI":"10.1021\/jm0400045","article-title":"Liver-selective glucocorticoid antagonists: a novel treatment for type 2 diabetes","volume":"47","author":"von Geldern","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.081257","article-title":"Hepatic glucocorticoid receptor antagonism is sufficient to reduce elevated hepatic glucose output and improve glucose control in animal models of type 2 diabetes","volume":"314","author":"Jacobson","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2006.10.021","article-title":"Liver-selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonism decreases glucose production and increases glucose disposal, ameliorating insulin resistance","volume":"56","author":"Zinker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2006.05.011","article-title":"Selective antagonism of the hepatic glucocorticoid receptor reduces hepatic glucose production","volume":"55","author":"Edgerton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/1570180043485734","article-title":"Discovery of potent, non-steroidal and highly selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonists with anti-obesity activity","volume":"1","author":"Morgan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Letters in Drug Design and Discovery"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1021\/jm0105530","article-title":"Discovery of potent, nonsteroidal, and highly selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonists","volume":"45","author":"Morgan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5295","DOI":"10.1021\/jm050205o","article-title":"Antidiabetic activity of passive nonsteroidal glucocorticoid receptor modulators","volume":"48","author":"Link","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X07000607?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521690X07000607?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:40:00Z","timestamp":1761496800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521690X07000607"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521690X07000607"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-690X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-690X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Modulation of glucocorticoid action and the treatment of type-2 diabetes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2007.07.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}